THE  LIBRARY 
OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


i;  IIYROX  MCCANDLESS 


C!  T  v    HALL 


A  HISTORY 


OF  THE 


CITY  OF  VINCENNES, 


INDIANA 


FROM  1702  TO  1901 


BY 


HENRY  S.  CAUTHORN 


OCTOBER  15,   1901. 


PUBLISHED   BY  .MARGARHT  C.  CALTHORN. 


PREFACE. 


I  propose  in  write  ,i  ln-torv  of  \  nicennes.  Indian;!.  Tiii- 
place  is  the  oldest  l<>\vii  within  the  limits  ol'  the  Suite  OL  In- 
diana.  \\'iih  the  exception  ol.'  Detroit.  Michigan,  which  \vas 
settled  by  the  Freiicli  in  IhiO,  and  of  Kaskaskia.  Illinois, 
which  was  also  settled  by  the  French  in  lb"V:>.  it  is  tile  oldest 
io\vn  in  that  vast  torri'nrial  cxpansi1  i'oriiierlv  known  as  "Tli" 
Teri'itorx'  \ovih \\'esi  of  tile-  Kivor  Ohio."  out  of  wliie'n  the  fi\  e 
^'I'c.-u  St;ite<  of  Oiiio.  Indiana.  Illinois.  Miehi^an  and  Vvi.-- 
i-on-iii  ha\\-  boon  funned. 

.In  tlio  preparaiion  of  the  history  I.  will  gather  material 
I'roin  mithi'iitii-  and  I'elialile  sourc-os.  Of  eourse  some  daia 
\vliieli  J  \vill  use  have  alieady  found  their  \vay  into  print  and 
arc  now  part  of  the  general  historv  of  the  eountrv.  [n  addi- 
tion thereto  I  will  consuli  and  lie  aid-'d  hv  inanv  manuscript 
documents  liv  learned  and  truthful  men  which  have  never  a> 
yet  he-en  published.  1  will  also  obtain  valuable  information 
from  ihe  writings  of  P>isho|i  I>nne.  the  first  Catholic  l>i>ho]i 
of  \  inc-ennes.  from  the  file-  of  the  Wcx/crn  -s'////  ne\\'spa}>er 
(•mbracing  the  years  ISO',  to  1S|.').  the  records  of  Si.  Franci- 
Xavicr  Cathedral,  reaching  from  April.  ITI'J.  to  the  presem. 
and  will  ti'iist  reliable  and  well  authenticated  traditions,  and 
also  matters  within  my  o\vn  personal  knowledgi;  with  a  re- 
ceptive and  retentive  meinor\  (overing  a  period  of  at  lca>t 
sixt  \'-.-i.\  yea r>. 

I  will  endeavor  to  make  tbe  recital  Imih  pleasing  and  inter- 
esting to  the  reader,  and  hope  to  contribute  sonic  historic 
matter  concerning  the  place  and  its  antecedents  which  have 
never  yet  been  acces>ible  to  the  general  reader.  And  above  all 
will  endeavor  to  make  the  presentation  of  facts  and  incident.-! 
lioih  1  ruth  fill  and  reliable. 

IIKXPiY  S.  CAUTIIOIIX". 

\"i  \(  i:\  xi>.  O(.--roi:t-:i;  1  •").  l'.|(M  . 


CHAPTERS. 


1.  Location 11 

'2.  Topography lo 

'•'>.  Environments 19 

4.  Landmark;; l'4 

">.  The  ( )ld  Fort ;Ji> 

'>.  Creole  Customs 40 

7.  Courts 4») 

s.  Municipal .M 

'.i.  Police .->4 

ID.  Newspapers 57 

11.  Antiquities c:$ 

IL'.  Clark's  !\askaskia  Campaign 7!) 

!•'!.  Clark's  St.  Vincents  Campaign IM.I 

14.  I-' ire  Protection lln 

1").  lieligion Ill 

1'i.  Finance l;;i 

17.  Corporations ];]'•> 

1  >•.  Agriculture ;:',!< 

11'.  Commerce 144 

•Jo.  Fraternities 

•Jl.  Kducation 

'2'2.  Manufactures 

_:!.  Material  Progress 

'2 1  Personal  Mention      

Distinguished  Personnel 

Partial  List  of  Prominent  Citi/ens  Subsequent  to  IsOO  .    . 
Conclusion       


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

City  Hall Frontispiece 

Harrison  I  louse In  Chapter  IV 

Old  Fort In  Chapter  V 

Court  House •     ...  In  Chapter  V  !  I 

<  »kl  Catholic.-   Church In  Chapter  XT 

Churches In  Notices  in  Chapter  XV 

Individual  Pictures In  Notices  in  Chapter  XXV 


A  HISTORY  OF  VINCENNES. 


V incemies  i>  situated  on  the  easr  !»;ink  of  the  AVaha-h  River 
K>()  miles  ahove  its  junction  \viili  the  Ohio.  It  is  distant  \^'~ 
miles  west  of  ('ineinnaii.  Ohio;  1  .">  1  miles  east  of  St.  Louie-, 
.M  issottri  :  •':>(>  miles  south  <>f  ( 'hica^o.  Illinois:  .'1 1  miles  north 
of  tile  <>hio  Uivr  at  Kvansville.  ami  111  miles  southwest  of 
1  ml  ia  na  |io]  is.  the  capital  of  the  State  of  Indiana. 

The   I  niteil   Slates  ( iovernment    in   lss:>  made  an  accurate 

geodetic    F-ail'VeV    of     the     Lulled     Slates.        Vmcemie-     \\'as    SO- 

Icctcd  as  one  of  the  stations  for  observation.  The  station  here 
was  located  near  the  <ji?O£'i*aplii.cal  centre  ol!  the  to\vn  in  the 
('oiirl  1  louse  yard  oil'  the  nonhea-l  side  oL'  ilie  Court  lEouse 
and  i<  markeil  l»v  three  si(ine>  set  in  eonereie.  the  centi'i1  one 
iiearlv  llusli  \\'ilh  the  surface  and  hearing  an  "X  "  mark.  Lat- 
itude of  the  station  point.  :>S"  4-u'  :!<)".  Lon^itiu]e  west  of 
<  i  reeiiwieh.  .">  h.  o()  inin.  .(isss  sec.  or  S)°  :]]'  ^S". 

1 1.  is  situated  on  hi^ii  grounds  he\'ond  the  possihle  reach  of 
innndaiion  and  is  Ijoinided  on  the  northeast  and  southwesi 
hv  beautiful  and  fertile  prairies,  and  on  the  southeast  hv  a. 
picturesque  ranuv  of  hills  covered  in  part  hv  foiv-i  tree-  and 

pres.ent inu'  from  the  cilv  an  attractive"  and  itleasinu'  landscape 

"  i 

A  ie\r. 

The  location  i>  peeiiliai'Iv  foriunaie  and  safe,  occujivin^'  as 
il  does  a  le\cl  (le[)i'L'Ssion  surrounded  mi  most  sides  hv  elevated 
U'l'otinds  and  lnll>  which  protect  it  from  the  chilly  hla-is  of 


inu'   ni    porimns  of   the   West.       I  lit-  suiToinidiiiLT   liiils 

<i]MTat.'  as  ;l  Ullwaik  ID  di\er|  and  elevate  the  cOUlSe  of  pass- 
MIL:  winds  and  thus  -hidd  and  protect  ii  from  tiit-ir  t'urv.  -o 
ihai  ilnriii^1  tile  IOIILI'  period  of  time  thr  site  ha-  heeii  thr  horn,. 
(if  d\  1 1  i/atii  in  ii"  oeiasiuii  I"!1  alarm  has  luvn  furnished  and 
not  die  least  datna^c  has  lii'on  donr  ID  life  i»r  |>n>i>i'riv  \vnliin 
it.-  liiiiii-  "ii  ihi>  account.  Ii  has  nunibiTcil  aniuim  ii-  stnic- 
tnrt'S.  stcr|ilc-  and  towi-rs  insrcurclv  iinchui'cd.  Inn  which 
stood  I'm1  vcars  unlianncd  and  uniil  I'cinovrd  hv  design. 

A  incciin  •-  in  cariv  iinics  was  a  line  licld  for  sportsmen.  A- 
iatc  as  1  >-')'.)  llic  i  jiiai  I  iii  I  lie  fa  1 1  o|'  the  vi-ar  in\  aded  ihe  iu\vn 
and  as  many  as  de-ired  coulil  i"1  killed  wiihuin  Icavinu'  ii- 
corpi 'I'ate  limits.  And  diinnu'  liie  same  nine  prairie  chicken^ 
wei'i'  si i  numerous  that  as  inanv  a-  siillicieni  1"  salisl'v  liie 
mo-i  'jra-i '!!!_•  sportsman  cutild  l>e  killed  \\\  \\<  immediate 
vicinit  \ . 

Tin-re  ;  ri  •  n  (he  -outheasl  side  of  the  rilv  tlii'e.  heaiitiful 
mound-,  i  he  mo-i  noi,',|  and  pici  n  resipie  e\  id,  -nee-  of  ihe 

\\  '  irk     of     1  1  ,  el1-     to       ic     I'olllld     ailY  wile;  e.        Tiles 

mound-  o  erloo  and  are  in  full  \  iew  from  the  .•:;,.  I'liex 
add  much  id  iii,  piivsjeal  appearanc.1  and  heaniv  of  the  loc;i- 
lion.  and  arc  m  faci  ,-i  hand-oinc  hack^i'oiind.  and  from  their 

slimil      t-    tin       n   -1        le\\     of    [he   i   ]  1  v    can    lie   olitailH'ii.        And    \\'llell 

\ie\\i-i       •          •        r   h.'i-'ii  I -.   ihe   citv.    located    a-   ii    ;-   upon    ,i 
.   .          (in     -i  reel-   on   either   side   ornamented    with 

-  .      .•'.;,"-     1  i  i    .e    '  ;i  !!;._<      , 
Oil''    .;;"_•.          '       'To      e]         l'(  il'esl  . 

T  -     a      lic|  ii  ill     etinilected     \\  ii  !|     1  he-e     111        I  I  i 

1  .          •  a  pproaehed         .     place    in      |-'e  iriiar    .      Iii!1. 

-  ;  "01    i-  a  roii  nd  one  i  >r  i  hem  i  n  a  ci  r>    • 

"     --     '      •         ••,:••    1  ;i  '    '  -  '          I  !l  '     lliail'll  it      •          0  -     I'oiVl*. 

\ (i  -..;<  •    .     ri'  1 lace.      I  n'!i.  ( 'la  r!v  -a \  -  in  Ins 

i-1        '..-••     .'    :  -          '  l.-llple.  |   [, 

!  \\  o    I-"-,  .          \\',-i  rrii  i"'-    1  -- 


LOCALITY.  13 

land,  two  miles  below  the  place,  and  bv  them  sent  a  message 
to  the  inhabitants  of  the  town,  to  the  effect  that  he  did  not 
wish  to  surprise  them.  and.  warning  all  who  were  fuieiicT.lv  to 
tin-  "hair  buver"  general,  as  he  called  Hamilton,  to  join  him 
in  the  fort.  Warrior's  Island  in  the  prairie  two  mill's  below 
A  iiiccinies  was  in  full  view  of  the  town  and  his  force  could 
be  seen  and  numbered  there,  and  anv  such  performance  as 
marching  a  round  one  of  the  mound-  to  create  a  false  impres- 
-ion  of  Ins  force  would  have  been  detected  and  inspired  merit- 
ed contempt  and  disgust.  This  alleged  performance  niav  be 
credited  to  manv  others  designed  to  magnify  the  exploits  of 
(lark"  and  invest  them  with  colors  of  romance  akin  to  the 
deeds  of  chivalry,  (leit.  Clark"  himself  says  in  his  report 
that  when  he  sent  his  message  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  town 
by  the  two  Frenchmen  from  Warrior's  Island  that  he  knew 
'that  the  Fr-'iich  inhabitant.-  were  friendly  to  him.  as  was  also 
"Tobacco's  Sou."  the  most  powerful  .Indian  chief  in  the  coun- 
try. It  seems  cruel  to  spoil  this  romantic  story,  but  regard 
for  mil  li  compels  it  1o  be  done. 

The  si  reels  of  the  city  are  all  level  and  graded  with  gravel 
containing  a  co-hesive  substance  which  when  lirsi  taken  from 
its  bed  is  of  a  dull  red  color,  but  upon  exposure  to  the  air  soon 
cements  and  make-  a  hard  and  substantial  road  bed,  and  also 
bleaches  and  present.-  a  bright  and  shining  appearance,  and 
gives  the  city  streets  the  appearance  of  threads  of  silver  wind- 
ing ih  rough  shaded  avenue-. 

The  sidewalks  arc  as  Level  as  a  sheet  of  paper,  and  when 
improved  with  granitoid,  of  which  many  miles  have  already 
been  constructed,  and  manv  more  miles  are  bein^  added  each 
year,  gives  the  city  sidewalks  thai  camioi  be  surpassed  any- 
\\  here,  and  but  ra ivl  v  equa  led. 

The  site  of  \  incennes  has  aiwav-  been  admired  and  praised 
by  all  travellers,  who  ever  visited  the  place.  Count  Volnev  in 
in-  account  of  his  travels  refer-  to  n  as  a  garden  -poi  remind- 


1 1 


ill    l*!Hi    lllill    llr    vi-iird    thr    |>i;li-e.    Mild    he   -;i\-    th"    vilhl^i'   " 
all  -idrs  \vas  surrounded  liv  i  in-  im  >-i  I  u  \urious  \  inevards  t'r<  >i 

:"'•!'      nf      lllr      |  HI  I1'--!       \V1  llr-      \\  i'1'r      Hindi  '      llV      !  ' 
_.;•-.;;'  '  '    ;.  '     :      .         i]       '  '     ,    -    .-.       '-'  ;]  i  !i--    i  !n-    \   I  !  i;]-,'    \\  i-l'i'    1-1  M 

1  !'  ill     M-     in    llli'     I'm  il     nl'i  '•    -        •  •  ill     1  lie    I'lU'tT 

..    •  :'i    the   nii'iiiur      n|'   nn       -till    living.      Uni    lln 


«  i'1'i       lull'         |     U'il  ll     1  111'     M  iilll 

jiurl    he  ]  ii';i  i-i-i|    l'n-1     \ 

•     ,;i  i     i-;l  !|     :,,  ."      !   I 

„  r;l  I     ;Hti]    1  •  .ll.'li-ri  •.    ill 


M     •   .  -   \  i  .:•;.•,-.  •-;  : 
--.       i  •  1  1  1    ;  I  n  •  I    I  i  1  1  lii 

'     •         il-      ll'-lur. 


Ililil  I!-     ill       I    11'       i' 

.  i  lie!1-  i  if  1  1n 

'•  I  - 

'  ;         ,..1       •'    , 

-    ..   \ 


T<  >!•<>(  ,KA  I'M  Y. 


Tlr-  topographical  situation  and  site  upon  which  the  city 
of  \niceiines  >taml-  i>  remarkable  and  worthy  of  attention. 
The  area,  it  occupies  mav  be  called  a  gravel  hank  extending 
''rom  the  surface  to  the  water  line  below.  No  point  in  ibis 
area  has  been  pierced  and  penetrated  where  ibis  gravel  form- 
ation, has  not  been  exposed.  In  Isso  the  citv  authorities  ex- 
cavated on  Hii-senm  street  between  Second  and  Third  streets. 
for  a  cistern  for  the  use  of  tin-  lire  department.  It  was  exca- 
vated In  the  water  line  below  and  gravel  and  sand  were  onl  ' 
found  in  the  progress  of  the  Work.  At  a  considerable  depth 
below  the  surface  a  large  isolated  lump  of  cord  was  found  im- 
bedded in  gravel  both  abo\c  and  in-low. 

The  conformation  of  tin-  surrounding  hills  indicate  thai  in 
the  remote  past  thev  wore  the  restraining  barri.-rs  of  volumes 
of  water  either  m  a  (lowing  stream  or  confined  lake.  Kvvrv- 
ihing  around  the  site  of  a  natural  formation  indicates  the 
former  presence  and  active  agency  of  water  which  ha-  been 
expelled  from  the  surface  and  the  siie  of  the  citv  elevated  hv 
-omc  mightv  upheaval.  A  similar  but  gradual  and  ipnei 
process  ha-  been  observable  since  the  advent  of  civili/ed  men. 
In  Isoj.  and  for  manv  vears  after  the  village  wa-  annual!*' 
surrounded  by  water  and  the  jiii'uiju '*.  a-  thev  were  called. 
u-ed  by  the  earl v  French  sett lers.  circumnavigated  the  village 

at  ll 1  seasons  and  unloaded  their  cargoes  in  the  rear  of  the 

ingh  ground  upon  which  the  Conn  llou-e  stand-. 

As  late  as  ls:',ii  the  topographical  appearance  of  th  •  pla  't- 
was unique.  The  river  from  at  Mart  street  was  called  ihe 
stone  landing.  I- rom  thai  point  alu'iiptlv  rose  and  extended 


:     1 1  _  (hi    cut  itv  ri\  T  frniu   in  tin-  pra  iric  heln\v.  ;i  \<\\  iv  L:T.-I\  >  ' 
lifted]  i>r  I  \\viit  v-ti\  •  t'cci   in  :;<'  ^'lii  almve  tlic  |Mv.-riit  li'V.  i 

"flllecilY    MlVrl-.         ll     JMV-clllnl     111!    al>ni|i|      face    In    tile    river 

•  Ln-a<luall\    >lo|ieil    in    tlii-  ilirectinn   nf    r'ir-1    >tivei.      Thi- 
_  •;! '  .  •!   hill   li;i>  heej]   i'ciiiiivi'il   !i\    t  lie  cit  v  ant  h' >ri tii •>   in  L:ra  \<- 
-:  n  '  i-  MI  < :  till  ile]iiv->inn:-  in  ntlicr  |>;\vt.-  nf  the  city.     I'.d  \v,  en 

'        -      _  ";.     •  Mill  clc\  illci]      Ll'l'dlllii      11  jmi)      \\'ll  Icll      ill'1 

(   »UN     llull-r    >t;iinl-    lllc    \i!';i^-    \v;i-    m'i^i  ll;ll  I  v    l'"c;itc.l 

iclu\\     lll'i  i;hl\\  -;iv   -1  ri  .•!  .       Tlli-  -|i;|cc   ill    IllMMV   |il;lci--  \V;U 

•    fur  iicciipMi iuii  nu'iii^  tn  i:'  •  mvM'ticc  ni'  ]iitin!>  aiiil  ^-ui1- 

\\iitrr.      I-'IMIH  a   p'Miii   near  ihc  iiitcr-ccimii  nf  Terrv   MUM 

1  iftli    -Ji'ii-is.    niiiniiii;'    il  iMii'iiiia!  1  \     thi'mi^h    the    l<»\vn    in    the 

'    :  !Vcli"U      nf     tile      |illli|  ic     l-ellietery.      til         U'l'i  >1 1  1 H 1      \\';1-      1'  '\\      Mil.] 

little     letter  than   a    :  i"U' i.  a  ii':    \va-  cn\  i-r  i!     i\    \vater   inn-i    nf 

•  \  eat'.          I  Illlm-i  liate!  V     lie\  iill'l      I  lie     '    !_  :!     U  I  '  Htllil     11]'"!!      \N 

•    e  i  ni  n    II";:-"  -taiiil-  \\'a~  an   iu;nn  u-e  [miiil  called  "hiuali  - 

•':"."      '    a  '    I  !    _     a      l!epl  ]]      "f     ~e\  era  ]       feel  .     ;  I  '  •"      \\  ilie          \\  ; ,  -      ~U~- 

a  en    -iiler;    '!i    ili     '      '     i'i     _    mil   : :  •      ear. 
The   Tr-l.   PI;  .  \  e-   in   i  !),•  ea~i    in    l 

i        ''ei't  i"U     "f      I  ."'>..  .       l\  '     '     '        '  .       ...  -  .       '-  ;:          n  f       I  ',•',•••- 

•  •!'    \\  :  ,;i  i     \\  ;i-    c;i      i  •<       I  "]'>',  ll'a  i"    :  r;i  •  ••  ."    -"   ca  1  lei!    a-    -1; 

i  -     •  .     e •!•  it    f  I'niii   t  he   fa  i  '   ' 

"1    j      :.  t  race.     •     •••  .•  _       •    .         |er\  ein  UL:    f"i'  •-; 

•    ,.           •                   •  '         •      i    |  M--'-'  !  '  i\'i  •!•  it 

_.•''-:'        .  '" i        •  '_  ra--    !••- 


v.  17 

swamp  tlir  mail  it-elf  beini:  an  artiticial  cons.truetion  called 
"Corduroy."  ami  animal-  running  ai  larizv  \vonld  inirr  any- 
where mii.-ide  ihc  1'oachvnv  itself. 

Tin.'  iaml  on  tin-  southea.-i  r-ide  of  the  town  as  far  as  the 
hiii'h  land,  beyond  \vas  covered  with  sci'uli  oak  bushes  that 
never  attained  a  lieiu'lit  ^reatCT  than  h-n  feet. 

The  tmvn  at  lirst  huddled  and  eeiitei'ed  around  the  present 
loealitv  of  the  ('atholie  Cliuivh.  'The  old  1'ori  huilt  h\'  l'"ran- 
i-ois  Morgan  de  Vineemie  in  l^n^.  \\-as  Im-ated  on  llie  river 
botweeii  what  is  no\v  tlie  ('atholie  Cluireh  square  and  the 
rive]*,  and  between  Barnet  ami  \"i;^o  streets.  'The  main  en- 
trance to  ihe  fort  \va>  on  what  is  no\v  Church  slivet.  The 
rollowinu' diagram  will  g'ive  a  belter  idea  of  the  location  of  th^ 
"Id  fort  l  han  an  \'  mere  deseript  ion. 

\\'abash  Iliver. 


OLD    F()KT 


( 'alvery  S 


Al'citind  the-e  two  places,  the  chureb  and  tile  fort  as  ,t 
Illleleiis.  the  town  pi  the  red  ami  sprung  up.  The  hotel  of 
Mai'!-:  l>aniet,  !oiiii'  the  principal  one.  was  mi  the  river  below 


I- 


\v,-i-  ;il-<i  "ii   ill.-  ri\  -r  iicln\\-    r>ri>u<l\v;i  v  sinvi    when    .Innliin"- 

<]r\;ll'>r     lln\\     -l;Hld-.       'I  il^    >|>;lrr     i>et\Vrcl1     llh'.-c    ]'  ill)!-.    ,lll<i 
i    M'-ll'  i  i  1111'    ;l     -ll-'I'l     ili-l;inri'     liMck      t'l'dlll     till1     !'i\iT.     \\il-    Jill       ill- 

-II.-H-I'   iici-ii|iii-il    liv    ill.'    inu'ii.      »>n    ill-    norilii'iisi    -iilc   of   i:i- 
;:<".•    l)r<i,iil\\';iV    >lni'l    \V;i>    |i>;-,ih'il    \]\<-    Pi;inkc>ll;l\v    vil- 
:IL;'I     ;ii;.|     '•  :-'-.  :n    '    [heir   <  '(.iin.-il    MIMIM-   ~!  .....  I    di    llic    h 
:r;     i-l   hill    \\  llriv   ihr    11.   A    <  '.   S.   \V.    \l.    K.    L'ivi-'hi    d  '...i    nn  . 


irll     11!     .Illv.     \\lrl     \V;l>    ;l\Vil\>    niMT 

ni   "f   i'i;ii    lijiv   uMiil    IMiilninl  •)•    KI  il 

\  !  I  I'''!     1  lltTi'    ii\     ;l     [irflllill  ill'i      i-\]iln-iull. 

'I   :   ,   ••       \:,  ,      i.-i'll    r\|iri---'  i  i       r      -'line    i')|      '     •  ••-;!'  : 

•••:•••   !•  ••;,::•  '        nM   ;'.  >\-\  .      \',(\\    \  ],,-  ,  1.  1,1  i  >\   \  In;-  ,  •>.   ,•,--,,' 

i-    ll"l      I  i  lUlnlrii       i  I  n  i|  i-    or     n-l  ;•,    •   .  iU'lllill  i'  >!1 

I  ill'     !"i-;l  I  li  if.     n'     I    I,'     !'i  '!'!     ;l-     L;'!\  I'll     ;li»  i\v     i-     -U-!  ;i  !  IU'  ;     li 
11      '        I  ic    i'\'ii  li  'lln      ,|  lui     \\  ;|~    ,1  !\V;l  \  -    r;l  1  li  ii     li\     t  !lr   i  i|i!     l'i'-!i 

il  '      ':  .••  ••'/''"   ni.    /;  ,„  :   //„//>     /.,,/;•    Th,.  pt.ii  nf  -r  ,iin.; 

i-    li  i      '  .    :  '  .:      1  1  ii  .  i\Vll    i  \  rill-    r'>!l- 

'  '  .    .  -  ii        i]        r       i  ,:'     |  ;  -     !•  i  -;il  ;  .....  •',-!- 


'     •          '  >l;i|r     (  i.'i  il'i^'i-l.     N'itlrcl 

•       .      •  .    ,'        i  i;l  |    d  !-l  I'irl  -    ill    t  in      \\'i  •-!  .          I 

i  i-ii  -.       !'        -•  •  ••  ,    •.    'A   • 

•  '    .       ,       '          !;-|-        "    i    "  i    iTi  !  II     -i'\  i'l';l  l!;li'i 

;i\  I'    ;l  i\\  ii  \  -    in    I  .  i  i 

'      ..      '     .  i    I  li  •    fill  Ill'i     in 

A  ,-.  ;      -,-•',.,    i.  I'M  -          "     '    •    i  ,i  -:   i  >  .  •  -  .  •    - 

,        •  -•;..,-,    ,         •         .  II  -'!'•- 

•,,;';  i-r,ili  i       nr   ->'\  !•!  i       '.''•;  I1-.    ;i    ' '    i'1' ''- 


The  country  surroundiiiii1  \  iiiceiines  Drives  the  town  a  loca- 
tion unsurpassed  for  beauiv.  It  wa-  originally  situated  be- 
tween two  handsome  prairies  one  above  and  the  other  In-low. 
The  upper  prairie  extended  about  two  miles  from  the  limits 
of  the  town  10  I'rairic  (.'reek  on  the  north,  l>ut  this  beautiful 
prairie  has  b-  en  encroached  upon  bv  the  expansion  of  the  city. 
\\  ithin  the  past  two  year-  it  has  been  covered  with  manufact- 
uring plant.-,  liii-iiie--  houses  and  dwellings  and  with  the 
same  process  continued  for  a  vear  or  two  longer  it  will  [ire- 
sent  a  citv  a ppearaiice.  l>ut  the  two  prairie-  below  the  town 
remain  a.-  they  were  when  the  town  was  settled.  Thc\'  are 
beautiful  and  fertile  prairies  extending  from  the  lower  limits 
of  the  citv  some  six  mile-  below.  The  land  was  originally 
granted  to  the  early  French  settlers  by  the  commandant-  of 
tin-  fort.  These  prairie  land-  as  well  as  the  lots  granted  in 
the  village  were  designated  upon  small  slips  of  paper  and  no 
record  kept  or  made  of  any  of  ih"  grants  so  far  as  known. 
Tin-  titles  of  the  French  settlers  and  claimant.-  rested  wholly 
upon  actual  po--e-sion  and  occiipancv.  And  the  transfer  of 
lot-  in  the  village  and  prairie  land-  from  one  to  another  was 
made  without  documentary  or  written  evidence  of  transfer, 
bul  -implv  bv  chaii^'inii'  possession  and  occupancy  in  ihe  -anie 
wav  personal  property  changed  hand-.  This  custom  and 
transfer  of  real  property  without  any  written  evidence  of 
transfer  a'ave  ihe  commissioners  appointed  by  the  I  nited 
State-  to  examine  and  repori  upon  the  claim-  of  the  French  to 
lots  and  land-  much  i  rouble  and  compelled  them  to  ivlv  upon 


I'll 


\erhal  te-tll!lon\'  111  -Hell  cases.  1  hr  mis  111  the  Village  Were 
llnl  Illinihered.  hill  ulllv  idelltilied  as  ;1 '  1  j  '  '  i  1 1  i !  1  U  I'M-  of  other 
pel'.-ons.  Till'  Slllll1  dl-po-ltlo||  i,|'  land-  Wa-  made  111  tllr 

lower  Mini  ( 'athlinette  prairies,  which  adjoin  cadi  nilirr  in 
the  -;iniij  iniprrl'tvl  manner  and  evidenced  hv  description.-  on 
-mall  -lips  lit'  paper  of  which  no  record  wa-  made.  The  Brants 
in  the  two  prairie-  lidow  Vincemie-  except  the  tir-t  granted 
•  .  rliiuvh.  \v]i;rli  contains  lour  arpniis.  all  contain  t\\'o 
arp.'in-  in  front  !>v  fortv  arpeiit-  in  d'pili.  French  iiH'a.-ni'c. 
A  French  arpein  i-  a  little  le-s  than  an  Fn^lidi  acre.  Tin- 
grains  in  the  lov.er  prairie  uviv  thu-  divided  in  -mall  >liji.- 
-'i  thai  each  proprietor  could  have  a  frontage  on  the  \\aha-h 
ri\er.  The  grants  in  the  prairie-  were  not  nundiered  and  in 
t ran-1'erriim  them  |on^  after  deed-  were  in  u-e.  were  >impl\- 
de-criiied  a-  l.onded  ii\  laml-  of  ililVeivnl  owner-.  'l'ln>e 
prairie  land-  \\eiv  nl'lervvanU  -iir\e\ed  1,\-  j],,.  I'nited  States 
_:o\  r rni ne MI  .  a  ficr  n  aeijiiired  the  territorv.  and  nn inhered.  The 
lower  prairie  contaiiiini;'  hv  the  -n  r\  <  v  "rj  1 1'act-  and  t  lie  ( 'at  h- 
liiiette  prairie  1  >  tract-.  I'.ui  for  \ear-  after  the  -ur\e\  and 
nnmiieriiii;'  of  the  1;md-  m  tin  t\\n  prairie-  jn  all  deeds,  tin- 
defi-i-;  i\  i  •  inoile  of  conveyance  \vas  continued,  can-in^' 
much  coiifn>;on.  The  land-  in  the  l\\'o  iirairie-  Udow  \  in- 

celllle-    UCl'e    MeXel1    elie]n>ei|    hv    tile     [''rellell.       TlleV    Wel'e    elllti- 

\ated  hv  the  owner-  m  a  common   liehi.     Tln-v  all   li\ed   in   the 

town.    French    fa-hion.  and   went   out    to  the  lield-  each  da\    In 

'   \aie  ;hc  land-.      A    inrnin^'  i'o\\    \\'a-  allowed    for  lieiweeii 

each    'j'rant    to  eiiahle   the  adjoining  o\\  ner-  to  ciiltnate   their 

I'e-pi'cl  !\'e     liol'lioll-     \\  ;  1  !  1  o  1 1  I        t  l'e-pa -- I  1!  U'      o|,       hi-       llelLl'llhor     11! 

The-e   pra ' rie   land,-   and    lot-   in    the   town 
"1  '  •     ch    TO\\  n."   \\  i-i'e   "n  u  i  na  i  i  \ .    and    a- 

,i'-;i-      1  x.">'  I.  '  !     '  ople.          1)111      -Illcr     thai 

1 1  mi-  i  .  la  li'jed      a  .  i; d      liti     '  » <-->  >-n  >',\ 

oi   oil  i-r  proprietor-  and    n\\\   (,    \    |ni«  or  land-  ai'e   iio\\    own«-d 
the  de-e,-ndai  •  -  of  thi    -'•._  nal    l-'ivi  •  :.     iroorietor-. 


K\V  IHONMK11TS.  L'l 

The  lots  iii  the  village  and  the  lands  in  the  neighborhood 
were  all  granted  by  the  commandants  of  the  J'ost  commenc- 
ing with  Francois  Morgan  lie  de  \  iiiceiine.  the  builder  of  the 
i'orl  and  iirs!  commandant,  and  all  hi-  successors.  This  is 
-liowji  by  th:'  ollicial  report  of  the  judges  of  the  court,  dated 
July  :')(!.  .11  H<  >,  to  \\'inthrop  Sargvanl.  the  secretary  of  the 
Territory,  in  which  they  expressly  state  that  Francois  Mor- 
u'aniH'  de  Vincenne  was  the  builder  of  the  fort  and  its  first 
commandant.  This  report  can  he  found  in  the  American 
state  papersand  i-  authentic,  and  settles  beyond  question  uho 
built  the  fort. 

<>n  the  Jllinois  side  of  the  \\ahash  adjoining  Vineennes  is 
the  large  and  fertile  "Allison"  prairie  extending  from  the 
river  back  about  eight  miles  and  up  and  do\vn  the  river  about 
fifteen  miles.  This  prairie  is  very  rich  and  produce-  abund- 
ant crops  of  all  kinds  and  throws  upon  the  Yincennes  market 
a.s  large  a  volume  of  produce  almost  as  the  County  of  J\no.\. 
It  i-  thickly  settled  with  an  industrious  population  and  add- 
much  to  the  business  and  prosperity  of  Yinceimes. 

llv  an  act  of  Congress  passed  March  •">.  11  HI.  there  was 
appropriated  a  large  tract  of  land  adjoining  Yincennes  con- 
taining about  .">.(»()( i  acre-  for  a  commons,  for  the  use  of  all 
the  inhabitants,  of  Yincennes.  This  tract  of  land  was  not. 
enclosed  but  was  Used  bv  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  for 
purpose-  of  pasturing  their  -lock  of  all  kinds.  This  use  of 
the  common-  continued  until  the  commons  lands  were  sold  bv 
the  borough  trustees  from  and  after  l.s'J.").  The  inhabitants 
of  the  town  in  I<s1(i  joinid  in  a  petition  to  Congress  for  au- 
thority to  sell  the  commons  lands.  In  accordance  with  tin- 
petition  Congress  on  \pril  ";'o.  1  ,s  1  ,s.  passed  an  act  transferring 
the  common-  lands  to  tin  tru-tee-  of  the  borough  of  \  in- 
c< 'ii lies  in  trust,  however,  for  t  h  •  purpose  of  selling  the  same, 
and  with  the  proceed-  of  sale-  to  drain  a  pond  on  the  easl  of 
the  town  and  to  pav  anv  balance  remaining  to  the  Yineciines 


1  IIMiT-lU.  The  trtl-tee:-  'if  llh'  In  <]•(  iii'dl  !i\  ;m  ii|'il  1  ll;l  lire 
|ia— ei|  Se|ilelnht  •!••>.  1  M  >.  aecej  it  ei  I  thelni>l  illlll  pH  )<  cedei  I 
1"  execute  llh'  -ailie.  Tlii  cnmiimn-  land-  \Veiv  r-UI'VeVed  ;iin! 

'  '  ided  111  three  i  !  1  \  1-H  HI-.  A.  1)  and  ('  divi.-inll.-.  .\  \\a-  ill- 
Mil'"  !•''>  !'>i-  n|'  ."i  acre-  cadi.  dm-inii  i;  \va-  divided 
inin  -Jo  |  lot-  of  1 1 1  acre.-  cadi  and  di\  i-inn  (  \va-  iliviilcd  into 
."  "l-  i>|'  i  \\  .'Hi  v  acres  cadi.  The  lui-  in  ilic-c  three  i|i\  i-i<  m- 
\\eiv  Mild  liv  tin'  iru-tee-  dl'  the  homuirli  ai  ditVciviu  tinu> 
I'l'i'in  and  al'ld1  1  >".'•").  and  arc  ii"\\  ir-M  hv  individual  [iru]H'ic- 
tnr-  nndci1  the  sale-  mad''  hv  ;hc  ini-lcc-.  \\\\\  ihe  |i"iid  ad- 
j.'inini'-  the  cily  \va-  m»i  drained  iiy  the  liuruu^h  tni>tee-  and 
i!"  iiarl  nf  the  |in>cccd-  were  naid  in  the  \'iiu-einies  I'niviT- 
- :  •  . . 

(in   the    Illiniii-  >idc  n!"   the   \\'a'na.-h    IJi\cr  a   chain   «\    hill.- 

ri-"  iicai1  lite  i'i\cr  and  extend  almiL:'  ii~  hank  ahmii  three  mile- 

e  and    u'hic-h    add    much    In   the  -cciicrv   siiri'niiiidiii^1   \in- 

i--.     i  >n  the   I  ndiaiia  .-'d.-  »\   the  ri\  er  the  |iict  nre-i|iie  liil  1- 

"i'-!!     I''"!'!      I\lln\     \\,1-    el'ected.    n-i-     l'p>m     tile     \\'alel''>    l-d_, 

.  i       add   miidi  tn  the  -ceiien    iii  ihai    Incaliiy.      And  the-e  hili- 

C"!l    'l  ,'  •!  lei!'-'     rl|       r'.Hl      l\llii\      \\llh     -ll-'ill      i  1 1 1  c  ITU  ]  it  i  nil  -     I'Melld 

•  •      '     '        ••      -  ill    a     c||VJe    ;||'(Hllid      \    lllccllllc-.     1 1  •  n  1 1  1  II  a  1  1  1 )  L!"    \\llll 
!  ',            el      I  I  I  i  i     in   h  i\\'     the     limit-    nf     liic    ell  V.         I     I  ii  m     I  lle-c     1 1 1  I  1  - 

I  i      -    -i  IT' iii ndini:    the   cit  v,    <>\\    i  he  ea-i    and    MHII  h.    heanl 

-  '     -     i'n I1     -11    ili  I1    i;t  I!      l'i    -id i    llci   -       a  I'e     ;|  II  "fded        \\  ll  idl     a  l'i '     I  lelllU 

\vca  It  h\     ••     '        -    a nd    line    pfi\  ate    iv.-i- 

-     e'-i       ted      I  llel'i  n||.         A  !ld      n|l      t  lle-e     lid!-     i  Ml      i  lie         CJISl        'l< 

•  •  '     i  in    Knn'    ( 'i  nini  \    1  '""r  A-    ,        .  -1  riici     •    . 

II  '        -        -     .  .;'.••'.-•  I!     _  '      :       •    -."    ,1     -jilelldid     -1  riiet- 

'  .     -  '      "          '  •        l'i  ill      i  he   el  U  .    hill    I  I!    I'll  1  ! 

a  i '  1  -  n  |      ' .    I '  1 1 1  •  S ; .    \     '    •    n  l  -   (  I  r  1 1  h  a  n    A  - 

\    ••,.'•.-      |  i;|-      l'i  MI)'      ma  i:  1  •   •    '    '          .  -        II      >      n-e      |  M'n\  >  111  I  t  \ 

•    .      "  M  .,"•-••     I'.i  r'.  -   '  '         •    '  nil  - 

\"  !      •       lie-   and      -      '      •  -          '  <]    \<   :  <\:    \\  ;\\l.- 

-;;;-.  '      '  ci  ill  \  ,-1  '  '  \    !-'  I'  'I'-.  "  l'"a  I  I'N    !l'\\         I   ' 


ENVIRONMENTS.  21  > 

also  well  shaded  and  improved,  near  the  limit-  of  the  citv  on 
l  ho  northeast.  "Fairground  J'ark."  a  little  farther  out,  is  also 
well  .-haded  and  lias  numerous  buildings  for  the  use  and  con- 
venience of  visitors.  " I Larmon it-  1'ark."  a  half  mile  still 
.farther  out,  is  also  well  shaded  and  improved.  All  these 
park-  can  lie  reaehed  hy  the  cat's  of  UK;  electric  railroad.  Li 
the,  summer  they  are  daily  resorted  to  by  all  parties.  for  pic- 
nic-, recreation  or  pleasure  and  no  better  places  can  be  found 
in  the  vicinity  of  anv  city  for  the  purpose  of  amusement  and 
pleasure  <ind  escaping  from  the  heat  of  the  city. 

\  inceiines  is  blessed  with  d i'i \'e\vays  in  all  directions  around 
UK;  city.  And  these  all'ord  anv  variety  of  route  and  scenery 
that  may  he  desired.  On  one  route  the  driver  can  pass  over 
picturesque  hills  on  a  road  well  improved.  On  another  he 
can  pass  over  a  road  well  graded  and  improved  and  as  level 
as  a  iloor.  And  on  another  he  can  pass  over  the  most  beauti- 
ful undulating  country  to  be  found  anywhere.  And  on  an- 
other, along  a  shaded  road  running  bv  a  running  stream, 
u'hieh  tends  to  moisien  and  cool  the  air.  And  on  the  other 
,-ide  of  the  \Vabash  he  can  drive  either  up  or  down  the  river 
on  its  banks,  well  shaded,  and  on  a  road  as  smooth  as  possible. 
And  on  any  of  the  routes  he  mav  lake  he  can  drive  for  an 
evening  airing  a  distance  of  ten  miles  through  beautiful  rural 
scenery  and  return  to  the  citv  \vitliout  passing  twice  over  the 
same  road  war. 


1M 


The  lirsi  honors  t-ivci 
Fivtich  M-nk-rs  a-  \\t-ll 
I'lvole  descendant-.  \veiv  ni  timhers  set  upon  end. 
thatched  with  >t  raw  am!  pla-iered  with  adohe. 
They  wen-  durai'le  and  lasting -tructures.  S<nne  Mich  hou.-e.- 
\vci\-  kiiii\vn  IM  lia\i  siniiil  t'nr  ujuvjinls  oi'  a  hundi-nl  vrac.-, 
ami  \vcrr  still  in  ^mul  |>n->i-rvat  ii>n  \\hrii  ini-n  i|o\vn  in  ^ivo 
[•lihT  t«i  iiHMv  niHilcni  sti'iii-l HIT-.  'I'hrv  I'Vcii  n_'s;stnl  1111.^,1 
r  tin  ilf-t  1'ityiiiL:  niva^'^  ul'  lin- ihan  L'ranu'  houses.  (;no 
nf  tin-in  i-au^'iii  tiif  in  'in'  early  pan  <if  ilic  ni-'lii  bet\VtM-n  the 
\  rai>  1  ^  I1 1  a  in :  1  >">'».  and  alKT  I  in  rn  HILT  all  niyht,  with  tlu-  ai«l 
'•I  tlu-  voliinUvr  life  il'jian ini-ni .  \va>  ci)ii>uini'i|  as  thi-  sun 
\vasrastinu1  it.-  iii'-l  niva  nvi-r  tin-  i-asti-m  lionxnn.  Tlit-v  \\>-r< 
i  nini'orlalilc  rcsiili-nt-i-s.  lu'in-  \varni  in  \vinti-r  aiiti  cn.ti  m 
r-uiiinn'r.  '!'!,'•  lir-t  cluin-h  •rcctcil  in  thi^  \vav  l'"r  St.  l-'raiu-i-; 
Xavicr  \va-  u-i-d  fur  rliuri  h  purpose.-  r»r  almm  n^liiv  vrar.-, 
thru  t'nr  a  pa.-tnral  n-sidciirc  inan\-  year-  al  lcr\vard~. 
Nmii'  ni'  ihc  si nti -t lire.-  nii\v  I'l-niain  in  \  ini-dincs. 

'I'h  •     '•;.::,_•--  riipicil  liv  ihc  T.  rriioria  !  <  ,>  ivi-niiiii-iii   dii  r 

iii^tln    '    'in1    \         •  '  :  '  -   \\  a-   ;  i .'    i-a  pilu]   u!'  t  hi-    L'rrrilor    .  u  a.- 

it'-'i   01     lli'1  -><\\  i  !i\\---i    -!<!••  iif   Main   -\  v>  •  '   ;i  mill    mid  \va  , 

'hctwri'ii  Si-mild  and  Third  -tn-'-t-.      h   \va-  a  :  .v.i  -lor\    t'rani'! 

diiii:    \vhii-li    ai'tiiii    lil'iv    vi-;ir-   a.^n    \va.>    ri-ni'iM-d     in 
-MUt'ii'a-i    -idi    uf    I   pprr  Third   sin-ri   and    Im-ali-d  jusi    Ix'li    , 
"  I  lari'i-i MI      I'arl  .         •          '    \  •{   stainl-  in  a  i:""  :  stab'  nf  pn-j- 

i  In-  uppi-r  [ij-airii-  .-urvi'V.  ii"\\    in  pan   occupied   hv  "Harn- 

-"!       | ',  ••    .  ••     -     i  >\  "Trd  n\<  r  M'I  i  i^  nvcr  fp  nit   hv  man  v  hand- 


LANDMARKS.  2-~> 

some  brick  residences.  These  remained  a?  late  as  is  14.  'DHL 
have  since  entirely  disappeared.  The  brick  in  thes-  build- 
in  p-s  was  used  in  the  construction  of  brick  buildings  in  var- 
ious parts  of  the  city,  and  may  be  said  to  bo  the  beginning  of 
the  erection  of  brick  buildings  in  the  cilv.  The  survev  upon 
\vhich  these  buildings  stood  on  the  failure  of  the  Steam  Mill 
Companv  \vas  mortgaged  to  the  I'nited  States  for  $10(1. onO. 
and  the  title  subject  to  the  mortgage  passed  to  I  Tali  Xeilson, 


FIRST   CAPITOL  OF   INDIANA  TERRITORY. 

of  \\ashinglon  ('itv.  The  I  niied  Stales  \\'as  subjected  to  a 
long  litigation  1<»  establish  its  claim,  \vhirh  wa>  noi  finaliy 
settled  until  Issn.  when  the  government  claim  \vas  (inaily 
'Hilled.  Tlie  ( Jovermnent  then  had  the  survey  -ubdivided 
into  lots  and  sold  all  the  lots  except  thai  portion  fronting  on 
the  river  \vhicb  was  donated  lo  the  citv  for  a  public  park,  and 
is  no\v  known  as  "'Harrison"  Park. 

rl  he  Harrison  mansion  is  the  oldest  building  in  Vincemics, 
•'ind    is   truly   an    ancient    landmark'.      Many    lietitioii-   stories 


connected  \viili  the  old  mansion  h;iv«i  heeii  circulated.  One 
10  the  ell'ect  thai  there  \vas  ;i  suhterniiUHUis  pas-a^v  lending;' 
from  the  man-ion  in  the  ri\er  a>  a  mean-  of  esrapc  in  case  of 
anv  hostile  allack.  No  -iidi  jia^-a^cwav  CVIM-  h.-id  anv  I'xisi- 
nice.  Thi'  inan.-ioii  itself  \vas  ihc  ln'-i  prolcc!  imi  in  ease  of 
danger  of  anv  |>lacr  in  ihc  vieinitv.  Anothci1  lo  the  ofTcel 
liial  in  the  Uascincin  tlirrc  \va.-  a  ilunirenn  in  \\'liidi  slaves  and 


HARRISON    MANSION. 

other-  \\'e|v  eoiilined.      NO  dungeon  \\a.-  e\  T  MI  the  ha-enient. 
The-    -lorii  -  are  akin  to  another  that   the  im-v  huuiiler  in  the 

\  a  I'd     of    the     Uaii!>     fe-idelle'     on     Sixth     -t;'ee|     \\as     I  lie    I  I'V-I  r !  11  IT 
[ilace      when       .lell'er-oll      |)a\l-     and      ,Ie-.-le     Tavlor     often      met. 

Je>-ie  T,i    lor  H  fl    the  |'lai-e  when  ,i!i  infant  and   never  return- 
ed to  it.  and  JetTer-on    I>a\i-  \va-  never  in    \  incennes. 

Tl  e   ii  ai  -ion   \va-   the  i-eiiti1'1  of  attraction   during  it-  o.-cii- 
i.ation      •      '  ieti.    1  larrisoi  .    and    Ion--   aft  'r\vard-.      \Vln-u    the 


LAN  IIM  A  I;K>.  '27 

general  Id'!  ill  1M1.  it  was  occupied  liv  Ills  sun.  John  Cleves 
Sviinncs  Harrison,  who  was  ;is  popular  and  as  great  a  fa\'orite 
with  the  people  as  his  father.  1  [e  was  a  cultured  man.  He 
married  the  daughter  and  only  child  ol'  General  Pike,  who 
was  equally  cultured.  The'  Vim-dines  Library  was  kept  in  the 
mansion  during  the  time  it  was  o.-ciipied  by  Symmes  Karri- 
son,  am!  it  continued  to  be  the  resort  of  (he  elite  and  cultured 
of  the  place.  When  lie  left,  a  public  banquet  was  tendered 
him  bv  the  citizens  of  the  place,  at  which  he  delivered  an  ad- 
dress. Ju  part,  he  said:  "I  had  fondly  hoped  to  spend  mv 
life  here,  but  cruel  fate  has  dec-reed  otherwise,  \\i\\  rest  as- 
sured I  can  never  forget  the  place  or  the  manv  friends  L  leave 
behind  me-/''  ]  Ie  died  at  his  father's  home  in  Xorth  Bend  on 
the  Ohio  .River.  October  :\a.  1S.'50,  of  tvphoid  fever.  A  fine 
obituary  notice  of  his  death  was  published  in  the  Wt'tkcrn 
Sun. 

After  Symmes  .Harrison  lefi.  the  mansion  was  occupied  by 
(Jen.  -lames  P.  Drake,  who  was  the  receiver  of  public  monies 
at  this  place,  ami  kept  his  ollice  there,  (leu.  Drake  was  one 
of  the  leading  men  of  the  State,  and  was  afterwards  elected 
Treasurer  of  Slate  and  removed  to  fudianapoli?,  where  he 
died  after  1S.">0. 

After  (Jen.  Drake  left  the  mansion  was  <iTeat.lv  neglected 
and  fell  into  the  hands  of  men  who  appropriated  it  to  mi- 
proper  use.  (Jen.  John  MAers.  who  lived  near  on  Second 
street,  used  it  for  storing  his  wheat  and  corn.  And  after  the 
completion  of  the  railroad  to  Si.  Louis  it  was  occupied  In- 
Tames  (Jattau  as  a  hotel.  Bui  thanks  to  its  durable  construc- 
tion it  exhibits  no  signs  of  misuse  and  is  now  as  well  pre- 
served and  substantial  as  anv  building  in  Vinceimes. 

Jt  was  at  the  Harrison  man>ion  that  the  celebrated  inter- 
view took  place  between  (Jen.  Harrison  and  Chief  Teciiniseh. 
This  interview  is  often  referred  to  as  a  treaty.  Hut  it  was  no 
treatv  and  was  not  intend. -d  as  such.  It  was  called  bv  (Jen. 


A     lIlSTnljy     i'l'     \    INCKNNKS. 


llarri-on  for  the  solo  purpose  of  M  tVn •!) 1 1  ] v  t '\chai i u'e  of  jinrt- 
inir-.  ITCH.  Harrison  ;i\v;iro  of  tin-  intrigue-  ami  machination 
of  that  eelehrated  chief  rei|Uested  linn  io  come  an  i  visit  him 
ami  thai  he  would  a^ure  him  of  the  frieiidlv  v;ood  will  of  the 
iro\ vrnm  -lit  towards  the  Indian  tnhes.  lie  was  iv<|U«'Sted  to 
come  unarmed  and  assured  he  \\oiild  receive  kind  and  outfit - 
oils  irainieiil.  lie  agreed  io  eonie  and  did  roine.  I>ut  in- 
stead of  eomiiiLr  unarmed  he  earn-  with  1"  armed,  warrior:-, 
who  encamped  fur  the  niii'lit  "ii  Prairie  (Trek,  near  the  present 
re,-ideiire  uf  Mr.  Ke!-<>.  (ien.  I  lari'i-on.  a  war.'  of  hi-  thus 
comiiiL:'  with  an  armed  force,  prepared  to  meet  him  in  an  m- 
ler\  lew  on  the  following  da\\  Aii^ii-!  l"i.  l>ln.  l-'nr  precau- 
tion in  ease  iif  mvrssity  (Jeli.  Harrison  siiinmoiied  a  numhei 
of  hi.-  friends,  who  were  \\'el!  armed  and  occupied  place-  in 
the  hallway  ami  (-uvular  parlor  of  (he  man-ion  Tin-  inter- 
view wa-  held  on  the  -oiithwe.-i  front  of  the  man-ion  in  a 
<_rro\  •  of  tree-  that  surrounded  ii  on  thai  >ide  Some  ronllid- 
in.M'  statement^  ha\'e  heen  made  as  to  where  this  interview  took 
plaee.  Ilu:  tlii'iT  should  in  no  doulit  ahmit  it.  l!ohe|-t  (i. 
Mc(  '; ; ;  ]•'•  and  f. !  ih  11  Stoul  and  man  v  ot  her-  who  were  pa  ri  of 
(ien.  Ilarri-"n'-  u'uard  at  the  time  all  Mated  that  tin-  inter- 
view wa.-  held  in  the  ^TO\V  in  frmil  of  ih  •  porch  on  the  south- 
wc-t  -iile  of  th.e  mansion,  (ien.  Harrison  never  left  the  ]vu'ch 
and  Tecum-eh  refused  to  take  a  seat  on  it.  hut  -tond  in  th-1 
^iri'ovi-.  (ien.  llarri-nii  proceeded  l"  addre--  Teeiim-eh  and 
hi-  w.-nri'ir-  and  to  a--ure  i!  -m  of  ihe  fri<  ndi\  I'eelin.i:  and 
•rood  ..  -  e-  i  if  the  _"  i-ri  mem  t"\\  a  rd-  tile  Indian-,  and  was 
\\  ;  '.:-••»''<  i  ,;  ii — •  .'  •  to  promote  their  com  fi  ,rt  and  happi- 
ne--  ,  •  e.  Teei;  niM-li.  who  understood  l-'.ni:'!  i-ii 

impt  rf'-'-i !  .  '  •  '  nt'-n  h  '  •  :  '  era '  aihi  told  I  h  •  inter- 
jirc'u  ;•  '  '  ••  ei|.  T!  in  t'-rpreb-r  f  •;!  rinu  it'  the  ex- 

act lani:'Ua^e  \\a-  _::'.>'ii  n  \\nuld  produer  troiihle  modified  it. 
Hi,'  T.  •  ieri  |ed  ]  :  •  h  him  to  -tat"  hi.-  exact 

Ian-  '      '         lien,    llarri-..        i  e  said   ill" 


LANDMARKS.  2!) 

government  was  friendly  to  tin.-  Indians.  Inn  had  cheated 
them  and  stolen  their  lands.  When  this  was  communicated 
M  the  general  he  terminated  the  interview  and  Tcciunseh  and 
his  warriors  withdrew.  This  porch  and  the  grove  of  trees 
that  surrounded  it  where  this  interview  was  held  remained 
until  18-10.  It  was  here  the  great  mass  meeting  and  barbecue 
was  held  during  the  exciting  political  campaign  of  "Tippe- 
canoe  and  Tyler  too"  in  1840.  The  meeting  was  composed  of 
>nch  numbers  that  four  speakers  of  national  reputation  ad- 
dressed, it  at  the  same  time.  The  names  of  these  four  speak- 
ers were  (ieorge  (i.  Dunn  of  Bedford.  Richard  \V.  Thompson 
ol'  Terre  Haute.  George  II.  ProMit  of  Petersburg  and.  John 
lowing  of  Vincennes. 

Tbe  grounds  around  the  Harrison  mansion,  extending  to 
the  river,  were  artistically  laid  out  and  iilled  with  the  choicest 
fruits  and  (lowers.  It  was  in  fact  a  thing  of  beauty  and  a  joy 
and  remained  in  good  preservation  as  late  as  18.">5.  The  river 
from  and  for  some  distance  back  was  enclosed  with  a  picket 
fence  of  locust  timbers  lirinlv  planted  in  the  ground.  The 
square  in  front  of  the  mansion,  on  laying  out  Harrison's  addi- 
tion, was  reserved,  for.  a  park.  The  brick  used  m  the  construc- 
tion of  the  mansion  were  manufactured  by  Samuel  Thomp- 
son, who  received  for  this  work  100  acre.-  of  laud  about  three 
miles  above  the  city  on  the  Terre  Haute  road. 

The  second  brirk  building  erected  ill  Yinceniies  was  the  old 
seminary,  which  occupied  four  of  the  present  citv  squares, 
bounded  by  Fourth  and  Sixth  streets  and  1'errv  and  Hart 
streets.  This  seminary  was  built  in  IsoV  and  was  intended 
for  use  of  coi  11  ii  ion  srb  oo  Is.  It  was  sold  bv  the  school  author- 
ities in  18:>!i  to  Bishop  1  lailandiere.  who  started  St.  Gabriel's 
College  ibere  under  the  managmeiit  of  the  I'disl  fathers, 
who  conducted  the  college  until  181!.  when  thev  left  the 
diocese  ami  went  to  New  Orleans.  Jr.  wa?  then  converted  into 
an  orphan  asylum  and  so  continued  until  the  orphans  were 


IVlllnYrd     In      1  rlTi1      llailtr.        'Ilir     Si'llll  Ilill'V     \V;|-     tllcll     tlll'llo! 

ovrr  i"  llif  Sistrrs  nt'  I'l'oviil -iii-c  \v!nt  r-tabli-hrd  thnv  Si. 
li«i>i-  Aradniiy.  Francis  Silas  Chatard.  tli«'  prrsrni  lii-h"!1  "f 
ili«'  diorrsr.  Mthdividrd  the  -i|iiarc  arii!  opened  Fifth  anil 
Si-n  inarv  slnvi-  through  it.  Tli  •  old  Seminary  \v;i-  ti.rn 
do\vn  in  !vx-'.  ami  the  l"t-  "!'  tin  subdivision  ha\v  all  limi 
M>ld  rX'.vpt  thr  [MI!  iv-rrvrd  fur  S; .  \l»-i-  Sri ii ilia i  v.  aii' !  arc 
DI>\\  lirld  iiv  privati.-  p 'ivuiis.  and  L''U'  the  ni'>>t  part  covi-ivd  hv 

illH'    IV-idrllri>. 

A-  lair  a-  !>.")( I  •',.  -uj-vc;.  out  oi'  \vliirh  has  Ixrii  earvni  i'i 
}>;ir\  .Itidali".-  ad'litiun.  \\-;i>  riu-ln-cd  \vitli  a  rail  ffin-r  and  n-«-d 
fiii1  fai'minir  purpusi--.  Th.-  pan  of  ill-  iu\vn  bark  nf  thr 
*'(iuri  I Iniisr  was  unurriijurd  and  nsrd  I'nr  a  rare  irark.  Thai 
]»irtii>n  rxtriidiiiL;'  hurl  from  Sixth  -livrt  \va-  Mararbail's 
lirld.  and  i-\i(.-i  ili  d  hi  thr  limit.-  nf  thr  tu\vn  and  \\a~  c 
vatod  in  rorn.  This  \\~a-  ilividi-d  into  lots  hv  Akin  \\".  Trary, 
his  r\"riitor.  in  lx."'"i.  ,:'.]*'<  thr  luts  -old.  All  thai  pan  "i'  the 

r!i\'    almVr     ll;i|"     -t  I'rrt     \\.i-    \;!c;)!ll     rXrrjit     thr     llari'isol]     111,111- 

sioii.  ilir  fonn.-r  rr-idnire  ul  -hid^r  1'arixr  and  thai  of  Jud_" 
La\v  ln-l  \\cci)  [In-ill  anil  thr  ,hidah  M|iiarr.  al'lt-rward.-  i-all'd 
'-lh(;  limy  |>larr."  1"  l>."i;  tin  Lutln-raii  Chun-h  on  Ki^hth 
>trrrt  u  as  hni  it  ;  •  ,\a-  I  '  -olr  and  si  ilita  r\  si  rn 

nf  ai          nd.  i      iliai   qua n.  r. 

Si.     !;iti-     ;l-      !   -.","     |       •  llildi       _-     ,.;'     |!|i-     Slr;i:n      Mil;      I  'ii|llp;iliy 

•   r     •  •  •   •': ••      '     •         lial     -  i    >\\    "  i  I  a  rri-i  in"    I'a  rk   n-ina  in-  d 
in  ; :i   •_•  ..,.'-•.-.  'r-rr\  at  ion.      Thr  m;i  i  n  si  riirl  iirr  of  hr:>    ; 

\'.  :•.-'."'  ':'•••  '  d   i  \vo  -torirr-  ]  ji.u'h.      1 1    \\'a  -  pa  i  n  t  nj 

|-'|-i,|          •      ,        -,     -iii;,!      -liir         r\tr||drd      ;i      In-'     r;l  |'l'i;l  Lri 

'  '  " '       • '   .  •  "  '         _  -   •'<  1,1  •  •• ;   ' !'  i\vn   thr  rivi-r  \vi.-ri'  ra  r 

-••  .  i.'it-i  iln  .     Thr  Trriv    1  lantr   Si     i> 

17'.;,  llHlllr.iiair]          ill,    ...        ihr 

:  •  .  '  -nil    :'a  rl  h  T  up  a    la  :"_r 

d'--  :">  •     .       \  '  •  •    •  -    '  -    1  ^."iO    tl),  ]•-•   \v,.|',.   -;  ill 

•  -;. "  -•    •         •  L:-    for    liii-mr--. 


LANDMARKS.  .'11 

and  resident v  purposes.  The  surroundings  indicated  that 
regular  streets  and  paved  sidewalks  liad  been  construct"  d. 
Tlie  houses  were  all.  finely  finished.  The  Masonic  Hall  was  in 
one  of  them  and  the  walls  were  beautifully  frescoed  with  ihi1 
symbolical  emblems  of  the  order. 

The  building  occupied  by  the  Hank  of  A'incennes.  and  sub- 
sequently by  act  of  the  Stale  Legislature  in  ISlti  adopted  ax 
the  State  Bank  of  Indiana,  and  which  bank  gave  rise  to  the 
celebrated  <juo  li'iirranlu  proceedings  in  the  Circuit  and  Su- 
preme Courts  of  the  Stale,  was  located  in  a  brick  building  on 
the  east  corner  of  First  and  Broadway  streets. 

The  first  building  used  for  court  purposes  was  of  logs,  sit- 
uated on  the  north  corner  of  Second  and  Broadway  streets, 
and  which  after  it  was  abandoned  for  such  purposes  was. 
while  Fort  Kno.x.  was  occupied  by  Federal  troops  used  for 
hospital  purposes  for  sick,  wounded  and  disabled  soldiers. 

The  second  building  used  for  court,  purposes  was  purchased 
from  Eobert  Buntin.  and  was  located,  on  the  west  corner  of 
Fourth  and  Buntin  streets,  and  the  county  jail  and  estray  pen 
were  on  the  north  corner  of  the  same  streets. 

The  present  court  square  was  purchased  from  Jacob  Ivtiv- 
kendall.  September  20.  ]S.'>0.  and  has  ever  since  been  used  for 
court  and  county  purposes. 

The  old  fort  built  bv  Francois  Morgan  de  Vinceiine  in  IT11'.' 
was  built  of  logs  and  remained  until  IS'20.  when  it  was  torn 
down  and  the  logs  used  in  its  construction  were  used  in  build- 
ing private  houses  in  various  parts  of  the  eity.  and  which 
houses  were  durable  and  remained  until  torn  down.  One  of 
the  houses  built  of  logs  from  the  old  fort  was  situate  I  on 
Lower  Sixth  street  near  the  ('alholic  cemeterv.  and  wa-  only 
torn  down  a  few  vears  airo. 


A    HISTORY   UK    YINCKNM-: 


Tin.  old  fun  nil  ili.'  \Yahash  al  Yincenne-  owed  it-  origin 
in  considerations  of  militarv  necessity.  The  French  were 
aware  a-  carlv  as  IO'.'HI  of  the  danger-  lliat  would  in  the  future 
imperil  their  possessions  <>\\  this  continent  and  prudently  en- 
deavored in  counteract  them.  Their  colonies  on  ihr  St.  Faw- 
reiice  ri\ci'  in  ihr  north,  were  widelv  separated  from  tliose  on 

tin-  (iulf  of  Mexico  in  tin-  south.  Ii  was  necessary  for  pro- 
tection in  a  military  point  of  view  to  connect  them  liv  a  direct 
communication.  Tin-  could  not  lie  done  alon^  the  Atlantic 
roa-t  as  the  Knu'li-h.  their  ineiiacinjf  and  hostile  rivals,  occu- 
pied the  intervening  -pace  in  that  i"|uarter.  It  was  oidv  t'easi- 

'le  liv  a  line  of  forts  through  the  unhroken  and  unexplored 
\\  ilderne<s  of  the  \Vi-st.  This  connection  was  determined  on 
;:-  earlvas  hiriu  hv  the  French  ministrv  in  control  of  atTaiiv-. 
!'>';'  to  execute  it  \\  a  -  a  work  iV'iii  ]  n  n^  time.  A  survev  had  to 

>e   made  and   a    practicable   route  adopted.      It    required   years 

t"  explore  tln-;  va.-t  expan-e  of  eoiuitrv  through  whidi  the  pri>- 

ii'i--d    coi:nei-i  ion    \va-   to   he    made.       |-]xplo!'in^    parties   woi;].] 

'•     .  •  ir  way  '  hi-i>u^li   this  exti-nded  st  retch  of  \\  ;'- 

— .  i    >!   01        piv-ent  i  in:'  natural  oh~tade-.   \,\\\    lilled   \\iih 

-a\a^e  and    in    manv  ca-e-   hostile    Indian    ti'ilio.      The  entire 

-•'•'•'  eh  i  IIL:    for    thon-aiid-    of    mile-    had    to    he    viewed    in 

I     the     nio-1      fea-       il,       I  olile    ;]!ld      |oc;|l,.     1  |]e     fort-     il! 
•         '  '  i-i--.  I       •        \li--i--       •  '         e|         ill  i\\          _      allllO-1      i  i  I  - 

'  '        i  -'"   .   and   -ii  ill  .   wa-  a    :  atural   hi^hwav  a  tl'oi'd  inir  ea-v 

-  ti-  tin'  north   from   lln    ( •'.;   f  of    Mexico.      The  St.    l.a\\  - 

'    ••  '     ef  ;i nij  the  -ri  .     •>  connected  with  it  were 

'    • '     '  •  i  i   of  the  corn  in, -in    to  ap- 


THE  (  >r.n  FORT. 


roach  from  tlui  Atlantic.  it  was  determined  to  connect  these 
two  Li'reat  natural  highways.  The  St.  Lawrence  route  was 
direct  and  continous  from  the  Atlantic  to  Detroit  river.  But 
her"  its  direction  was  broken  and  onlv  sustained  hv  a  lonu'  de- 
lour  to  the  north  and  then  an  e<|iial  distance  to  the  south.  To 
avoid  this  ciivuity  and  waste  of  time,  it  \vas  determined  to 
make  the  connection  .from  Detvoii  to  the  Mississippi  at  the 
junction  of  llie  Ohio.  The  site  of  \'incenncs  was  selected  as 
the  place  to  locate  one  of  the  .forts.  This  route  was  practica- 
ble and  afforded  a  water  communication  in  a  direct  course 


y^f^c^^^ 


i Kte***jit&zzs&££&-&    ~, 

Jr^v^uH'^f^^ 


-t'. 


THE  OLD  FORT. 

almost  the  entire  distance.  The  waters  of  the  .Maimicc.  the 
Si.  .loseph.  ihc  St.  Mar\'  and  \\aha.-h  rivers,  presented  nat- 
ural facilities  for  communication  only  iiUei'rujttt'd  l»v  a  very 
nai'!'o\\  iioi1a"'e.  This  divide  >eparaliii"'  the  waters  ol'  these 

1  ~  1  ' 

rivers  is  so  narrow  and  contracted  that  lite  cr\>tal  drojis  fall- 
ing on  the  earth  from  their  home  in  the  skv.  are  at  first  pux- 
xleil  to  determine  which  course  to  take,  whether  to  seek  the 
cold  and  >pai'klin^'  waters  of  the  Atlantic  through  "he  ,u'feat 
lake- and  the  St.  La\\'rettce  n\er  or  the  warm  and  rosv  lio-om 
of  the  ( I  u  I !'  of  Mexico  through  the  \\"al>a.-h.  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi rn'ers.  This  route  had  heeii  selected  and  determineil 


'i  1  A    II  I-TOKY  i  >F   \'  INCKNM:-. 

upon  hv  tlie  l-'reiich  ^nvi-niiiieiH  heforo  LlMM.  It  was  sii|i- 
i.ised  formany  vears  ihat  the  "( hiahasche"  was  the  river  that 
eiii|itied  into  the  Mis-is-ippi  Uiver.  .Ind-e  Law  in  his  address 
of  l-'ehruary  V.'.  ]>•:'•>.  says:  "It  is  a,  -insular  fact  that  the 
\\ahash  river  was  known  and  navigated  hv  the  whites  IOIILT 

hefore    the    ()]lio     \va-    kllowil     to    e\l-l.  Hill     till-     1-     Hot     a     >ill- 

indar  fact  and  result-  a-  a  natural  sequence  from  the  wav  the 
country  was  -etth-d.  This  continent  was  first  settled  hy  the 
]->n ro] icans.  alonir  the  Atlantic  coast,  hur.  the  Alle^'heiiv 
ntaiiis  and  the  I'dm-  led^v  were  harriers  f' u-hidd'nii:  the 
di-covery  and  settlement  of  the  Mississippi  valley  from  that 
direction.  Thi-  could  nnlv  he  done  hv  wav  of  the  St.  Law- 
I'eiice  and  its  connecting  lake-.  And  this  i-  the  wav  it  wa- 
explored  and  settled.  Tlii'  head  waters  of  the  \Val>a-h  river 
heiiiLr  nearer  thi-  route  of  travel  from  the  north  was  neces- 
sarily di-cu\ored  and  navigated  I.efore  the  Ohio. 

Tin-  old   for  i   here   was  huili    in   the   fall  of   KM-.'.      The   lirst 
i,f  tin-  military    forts  in   the   North  nf  the  contemplated  chain 
•    hv  ihe    |-'reiicli.   was  at    I  Detroit    in    1  J'l.     The   next    vear 
[•'raiicnjs   Mnr^an   de   \iiiceniie.  according   1"   the   nuehec  an- 
na!-, a   tru-ted   otiicer   in   the  service1  of   the    Fi'eiich,   was  seni 

\\  :tll    a    lllllitar\     force    to    hllihl    three    I'nrl-   nil     the    route    -elected 

for  the  chain   of   |- ivm-h    forts  to  coiim-ci   ('anada   and    I^oui-i- 

ana.      (tin    at    the  juin-t     •      of   ihe     St.    .lo-eph    and    Sr.    Ma;'\ 

u  hi  re  t  he  cir    of    |-'ori    \\  avne  now   -la mis.   two  on   t  he 

A\ah;  '  nil!    -e\cll     mile-    helnw    the    pl'i'Senl    cil\     nf 

La  fa  vet  |c   called    ''lln  1,11,1,11,"      The    third    at    the    site   of    Yin- 

eelllle-.        The-c     fort-     Wel'i      certailllv     h  I',  i  I  1     ill     tile    order    liailled 

a-  :ha!  would  naturalh  folin\\.  considering  the  point  where 
force  en Li'a^'ed  in  theii  con-t  nictiun  started  i"  do  tin  work 
1  h  v,  a-  I  i.  1 1-'  >i ' . 

i '  '  '   i  hi     1  •••  '     all    t  heir  ••\plonii  imis 

nt  -  i  >i     •      -  i        '    ne  m    I  M  operate   with   I  wo    forces, 

I  hi     -  :    i       i-i  i--.      Thi     I'iM     i1'  iHv-cntcd    the  civil,   and 


TMK  ( )i.n  Four.  :]•") 

the  other   the    spiritual    power.       Accordingly   the  force   that 

J  1  • 

came  here  with  do  Vim-cnne  in  K(>->  to  build  the  fort,  and 
thus  lav  the  .foundation  of  civilization  in  these  parts.  \vas  ac- 
companied hv  a  French  Jesuit  missionary,  who  in  the  fall  of 
}]n->  celebrated  the'  holv  sacriiice  of  the  mass  at  ibis  place,  in 
the  open  air,  before  the  troops,  the  villagers  and  thousands  of 
Indians.  This  mass  was  said  near  where  the  fort  was  to  be 
built  and  near  whore  the  cathedral  now  stands.  This  act  of 
the  Jesuit  missionary  is  recited  in  the  Quebec  annals  and  may 
be  taken  a.-  the  date  when  the  site  of  Yineennes  was  conse- 
crated and  dedicated  to  civili/atinn  and  chrisiianity. 

When  the  French  came  here  in  K^'2  10  build  the  fort  they 
were  welcomed  and  kindlv  received  hv  the  Indian  tribes  in- 
habiting the  Wabash  countrv  about  here.  Jt  is  certain  they 
gave  them  no  active  opposition,  but  made  them  concessions  of 
land  in  the  village  and  surrounding  country.  It  is  stated  in 
documents  still  preserved  in  Quebec  that  the  Indians  assisted 
the  .French  in  building  both  the  church  and  the  fort.  And 
this  is  reasonable  to  believe  from  the  known  amicable  rela- 
tions that  always  existed  between  the  French  and  the  vanons 
Indian  tribes,  with  whom  ihev  came  in  contact.  The  French 
and  Indian  tribes  alwavs  lived  in  peace  and  concord.  Judge 
Law  says  in  his  adress  of  Fehruarv.  Is.'SS:  "The  French 
have  always  succeeded  in  conciliating  the  Indians  and  gaining 
their  confidence  and  good  will,  while  the  Anglo  Saxon  }\;\- 
made  but  little  progress  in  claiming  their  confidence  and  af- 
fect ion." 

The  countrv  around  Vineennes  has  been  subject  to  the  sov- 
ereignty of  several  dill'ereiit  nationalities.  It  was  lirst 
claimed,  occupied  and  coloni/ed  hv  the  French.  It  remained 
subject  to  this  jurisdiction  until  the  year  Kfi:}.  when  hv  the 
treaty  of  Paris  of  that  vear.  it  was  ceded  to  Circa  I  P>ritain. 
It  remained  subject  to  thai  power  until  the  capture  of  Kas- 
kaskia  and  other  French  posts  on  the  Mississippi  river  in 


H»'>  A     Hl-ToKY    or    Vr.NCKNNKS. 

,Iulv.   1'^S.  ami   iln'  capture  nl'  tlir  ,>ld   I'nrl   lien-   in   l-Yhruary. 

1^!'.  liv  \irLrmia  lrn<>]i-  uiuli'i'  cninmaml  nf  (irnr^v  lingers 
('lark.  ll  thru  hrranie  a  |>;irt  nf  the  eoiniimms'ealtli  nf  <>ld 
Virginia.  It  MI  ivnminril  until  KM.  \vhm  that  stale  ceded 
tu  tin-  LTeiieral  i:'n\  rrnmrnt  the  territory  nnrt  li\\  r-t  nf  ihr 
river  (Miin.  nnlv  stipulating  in  tin1  <'i'-i  of  ce.-- inn  that  thr  trr- 
ritnr\  thus  ccilnl.  slmuld  IM-  iliviilcd  into  new  ~tatc.-  and  ad- 
iniiird  intii  the  I  ninn  \\n!i"iii  >lavcrv.  And  in  arrtirdaiicc 
\vilh  thi>  -I  i ]ui lat  i'  MI  in  llii-  LiTant  «\'  \  ir^'inia  in  tin1  ^'riicral 
-•UN  (Tiimriit.  tin1  ti\"ii  >tatc.~  nf  nliin.  Indiana.  Illinni-.  \ln-lii- 
^'an  and  \\  isconsin.  have  iiet-n  carved  mit  nf  tin-  territni^  and 
admitted  into  thr  I  n inn  a.-  free  Males. 

The  old   !'nrt    hnv  \va~  i-allrd    hy  many  dilTeivnt   names   hut 

m-ver  during  all  tin-  time  thr   !•  rrndi  eniitiniied   \\\   pur-.-r.-sinn. 

\\  a-  it  e\t-r  ea  lied  h;    ihr  nainr  nf   "Saekville."     i  i  was  never  sn 

d    until    thr    lii'M'-ii    aetjiiired      ihr      N'nrthwr-i    'I'rrri !"i'\- 

at'liT    till-   e|u>e    nf    ihr    did     |-'lVlleh    Wa  I1    liV    tlir    I  iva  t  \     nf     I'ai'js. 

'Ill-  I'.riti-h  w;>liin^  in  nhlitrrat,.  frnm  ihr  mind-  nf  ihr  in- 
hahitants  all  rre.tllret  inn  nf  thr  l-'reiirh  regime  named  the 

I'nl't    ilrl'r   "S  a  r  k  \  i  1  le. "       Til!-    \\  a  -    intruded    as    a    enm]ilillieni     |.t 

*ir  Tlmnias  Sa.-k\il|r.  rarl  nf  |).u>et.  an  l--ii-'li-h  -dmlar  and 
-talisman.  \\lm  ua-  a  LM'rai  I'axnn'le  nf  thr  1-ln^li-h  .ui'nvern- 
nirtn  and  \\lm  •>\a-  rn  anv  iminiriaiii  I'm'riLi'ii  mi-- 

11         '  rlt-atl]     nf      L..|-,|      Illirli-i^h      ||,-     -Urrrrd,.,]      hilll     as 

I'rinir  M  ini-irp  nf  I-JIM  ,  _  wliidi  i-ajKirh\  !ir  \\a-  rr-'arded 
in  -a'jai-il'.  and  lidrlitv.  a-  njiial  |n  !ii-  Li'i'ral  |irrdrrr.->m-.  and 
in  hi-  lmn,,r  i  !,<.  |-'.n-li-li  naiiinl  ih,-  fnrt  hnv.  lim  ih,.  nhjrrt 
"t'  tlir  l-ji-li-h  in  naming  ihr  I'm1]  fail,  d  nf  ii-  |nir]m-r.  Thr 

I'  I''1!!'  '          i|irn\  r    ,i|-   arer]  i|     |  ||r    ||a  Illr    a  IH  I     Nr\  r|-    a-    1 '  » i -" 

--  -    '    •  •    I"!'!    -  • |-r|i  rrn  I     |n     ;  i    in    in)'     1 1|  hr|-    \\  a  \    I  ha  ii     I  In 

'    ;'•  >'''    wa-   r  •  frrri  d 
•..-•—         '//,." 

!'!;••   !n\\  i      t-,. If      ..-     „  |,v   man\    dilTn-rni    nanir-. 

I    ha    r  -n  n   ii   ~iati       '    a  I    !    <    na  inr  of  i  hr  nrii1  ina  1   \  il  hiLfe  tliat 


THE  Oi.n  FORT.  3, 

occupied  this  site  was  "Chippecoke"  But  I  do  not  know  upon 
what  authority  the  statement  is  made.  Xo  reliable  document 
calling  the  Indian  village  U[)on  the  \Vabash  at  ibis  place  by 
that,  name  lias  yet  come  under  my  observation.  As  to  the  dif- 
ferent names  the  place  has  been  called,  Bis. hop  Brute  says: 
"Few  places  have  received  so  many  diil'erent  appellations  in 
the  public  documents  either  of  old  A'irginia.  of  Congress  or 
even  of  the  territory  where  it  would  seem  it  would  he  best  pre- 
served;  few  bad  their  orthography  more  wonderfully  diver-i- 
lied.  Beside  the  "Ancient  Poste."  "The  Poste."  ''An  Poste." 
"Post  Ouabache."  "Post,  St.  Francis  Xavier,"  and  finally 
"1'oste  Vincent;-." 

The  town  was  never  (-ailed  \  inceiincs  until  after  K-><>.  It 
has  been  frequently  stated  that  the  place  received  its  name 
from  a  place  so  called  in  the  vicinitv  of  Paris  in  France.  But 
this  is  a  mistake.  The  place  derives  its  name  from  no  city 
in  France  or  elsewhere,  but  from  the  French  ollicer  who  came 
here  in  HUM,  and  built  the  fort.  And  this  name  was  given 
the  place  to  perpetuate  the  meinorv  and  heroism  of  its 
founder.  This  was  done  in  consequence  of  the  tragic  death 
and  self  sacrifice  of  de  Vim-rime  in  a  disastrous  battle  with 
the  (.'hickasaw  Indians.  In  ]]'.}('>  the  French  to  force  their 
way  and  complete  their  chain  of  forts,  were  at  war  with  these 
Indians  who  inhabited  the  counirv  midway  between  here  and 
the  fort  at  Yicksbnrg.  It  was  determined  bv  the  French  in 
order  to  complete  the  chain  of  forts,  to  attack  them  both  from 
the  north  and  south.  Accordingly  two  armies  were  organi/rd 
for  the  purpose.  The  force  from  the  south  was  under  the 
command  of  Bienville.  The  one  from  the  north  under  t he- 
command  of  D'Ariegette  and  Francois  Morgan  de  Vincenne. 
It  was  intended  the  forces  should  form  a  conjunction  before 
risking  a  decisive  battle  with  the  Chickasaws.  But  the  forces 
from  the  south  tinder  Bienville  were  delaved  and  failed  to 
form  a  junction.  I )'. Vrte^vtte.  unfortunately  deter 


A    HI-TMKY   <>F    VINCI-:NNJ->. 

attack  the  Indian.-  with  tin-  northd'n  forces  alone.  II.  •  did 
-ii  and  was  successful  in  several  niiiiiM1  diira.u'diidits  and  capt- 
ured -everal  of  their  smaller  villages.  \\  lii'ii  llii'V  approached 
lib-  -t  roii",  hold  of  i  hi-  (  'hirkasnvs  in  llir  \  ii-i  nil  y  of  the  present 
i  iiv  ul'  Memphis.  they  halted  het'ore  ii  in  hopes  they  would  in1 
jollied  Iiv  llic  force  from  the  -oi;th  under  l>ienville.  A.-  loni;- 
a-  thai  oilicrr  ri'inaineil  in  iln-  vicinitv  in  a  tlircatciiin^'  aiti- 
iud'j.  thi-  Indian-  and  l-rriirh  ri-inaiiicil  'piii'ilv  confronting 

other.  \\dh'ii  I')irii\  dli-  ivtivatcd  \villi  his  forrr  and;  iv- 
'  r  I'd  in  Louisiana,  ihr  sava^-s  inranii'  I'luholdrnrd  and  at- 

d  the  l-'rciu-h.  and  drfravd  llicin  in  a  lilnodv  cn^au'r- 
ini-iii.  In  roii-cfpinid'  of  this  d'-lVai.  M  .  D'A  rtrp'ttc.  dr  Vin- 
•  and  |-'atlirr  Antoninii-  Si-nal.  then  pastor  of  St.  Fran- 
i>  ,\a\irr  rliiirc-h  hi'i'i1.  \\'iio  arroinpanifi]  ihc  expedition  a- 
-nii'ii  a  ad  i-i  r.  \\  i-re  ;:  '  !  i  a  ken  prisoners  hv  the  I  ndian-. 
1  il  ii  !'  Si-nai  and  de  \  ineeinie  eouhi  have  easilv  escaped  with 
t!ie  ivniiiant  of  ihe  n-nnp-  ihai  reii-eaied.  and  canie  hack,  and 
v.  <•]•••  enli''-al"d  ii.  do  -ii.  The  ivl  iv;i  1  was  conduded  h\  M. 

\   oj-i  ji.   ;|        nlillL;      I"'  I'dli  '1  1    <  illii  'el1.  |        ul          I'  ;  I  1  1  !  i  •  r    Si  •  1  1  ;ll     aild     lie 

^         •          .         i       -         -      n  li        ^   de\  i  »t  ion    nf    i  rue   hei'i  ies   and 

ii'K'r-.    !'•  l'ii-ed    in    join    the   retreating   forers  and    llin-   -a\'e 

-e!\  r-.   hnt    lca\  e   lh"    woiindi-d    and    d\  in--  soldiers  to  tin- 

••     nf  the  -a  '.  aui'es.      Thev    r.-inained    will]    the  wi  mmled   sold- 

1  -    ..    •     u  i  i1'      ml        '    •    ei        •    •    •     -take   nil    Fa-i  er    Sunda  \  . 

i  i  •'!"'..      Tin-  da\    has  alu  a\  -   In-'-n   '  ih-d'\  ed   a-  a    ln»liila\    in  all 

1      '  eliiirche-  lliroiiLihoin    i  In    world  and  was  a    fitting  dav 

i''"  the   nil  roduct  ion   of  iwo  niartvr  >ain!.-    into  the  i:'lorie-   nf 


d   ;                             •  •  •         re.   thi-    place   ha-    ;  -  *  i 

;      i  :    \    lieeiin...   and    u  i  1  1  e\  .-]•   i  ic  ea  I  led   as    h  MIL:'  as    the    iv(- 

i-l  in]       i,f     ||i'!'iii-|||     aild  liohlr       dPeds       will       he     a  pprceiatei] 

.      llli'll.         Aild     tllll-      '  -          e;il'     \    IllcelllleS    dd'l  Vl'S    It  S     liailll1 

.     -nil  i-ri  ii-i'pi          •   .  .•     and    I'l'iin  nil  >ra  nee 

•     •  -.       '  in    :;::-  -           i.    r.i-hon    Unite,   savs:   "Al- 


TIIK  OLD  FOKT.  3!t 

though  wo  find  no  deliberation.  n<>  special  act.  DO  express 
monument  for  attaching  the  name  of  de  \'incciiDc  to  tin:  l)o>t, 
\\v  see  ]io\v  olTectually  that  honorable  LjTaiitudr  pivc  liis  Dame 
to  it." 

()f  tlh'  throe  forts  built  l>v  l-'rancois  Moi'^an  dc  \"iiicoiino 
in  1  !<!•>,  the  one  at  this  place  \vas  (Icstinod  to  ciidiii'o  the  long- 
est and  become  of  historic  importance.  The  one  built  at  the 
junction  of  the  St.  ^lai'yV  and  St.  Joseph's  rivers  \vas  de- 
-ti'oyod  bv  the  Indians  and  the  remains  seen  and  described  bv 
(ien.  AVayjie  in  11  ML  The  one  called  Ontanon.  on  the  \\'a- 
'na-li.  was  destroyed  by  the  Indian-  in  11  !>.">.  l>ut  the  old  t'ort 
Unit  here1  remained  until  torn  down  after  isiu. 


(4) 


Viiicenno  was  oriidnalh   settled  by  the   French,  as  already 

stateil.        \\dl-Ml     tlle\     cailic     here    and     settled     tllev      found      ill'' 

countrv   iilled    with    various    Indian   tribe-   living  toother  in 
peace  and   amitv.     The-''  iribe-   were   Delawares.    Kickapoo.-, 
Mascoiiteiis.    Miami-.   Shawiices,    L'ollawatomics   and    1'ianke 
sha\\-.     This  place,  from  n-  location  on  hi^li  ground  \\heii  the 
whole  siirroundiiiM'  counirx   was  subject  to  overllow,  madi    I 
site  of  Vincennes  a  favorite  place;  of  resort  and  abode  for  the 
Indian   tribes.      When   the    French   came   her-   they  as-oeiuh'd 
and  alliliated  with  them  mi  terms  of  equality.     The  marriages 

bet  Wee  11    1  lie    French  a  lid    the    1  lid  Kill    1'aces   \\  >'  I'e    f  reijUellt.    I'  I'oill 

admixture  of  bloud  a  dual  race  was  produced  called 
"< 'r<  nl< .«."  This  race  was  for  many  years  the  dominant  rate 
about  here  in  'both  town  and  country,  and  could,  as  late  as 
1>.V>,  control  nil  election-  in  l\no\  countv.  The  L'reoli 
Fivneh  occiijiieil  aim"-!  e\eltisi\elv  all  lhat  part  of  town  !"•- 
low  .Main  street,  and  the  Lower  and  (Jathilinetie.  [irairie-. 
Tl  ir  Indian  ancestry  wa.-  easily  discernible  in  their  personal 
appiaranee  with  hiiji  cheek  Liones  and  straight,  black 
Tiii  -tood  ci-i  '  •  hi  -  tin  r  head  hi^'h  and  wa  Ike  i  wi;  h 
IOIIL;'  si  rides.  and  carrieil  their  per.-oiis  upri.LiTii  and  a.-  -irai^ht 
a-  an  am  >w.  Mai  of  the  (  ;••  •.'.  ~  wru  hei-i-  until  lonu  after 
lv-"'n.  I  i  '  el1  •  -  ei  ':.>•!:-  a  ;•«•  iei'i  now  surviving  ill  t IK; 
to\\  n  -r  roiiiil  r\ . 

T     -    i      '        i         •  '  linai  ion  ihe  ijiialilies  of 

!  lie    1  \\  M    rai-es    o!'    -oil  fee-    .  if    d  i '  !'l  \  a  Ll  O  11 .        'I'll  'V    I  idl'M'!  ted    all    i  ill1 

1  '    es  a     A  i         -   •    .•  vii-e-     f  the-  l-'reiich  and    I  ndian  in  com- 
[•'i'oii     tb.     Fivni  •  .  .  : '  •,    and    -'Mud    nat  lire,   and 


FKKNCH  (YSTO.MS.  -\  \ 

from  tlir  Indian  wild,  roving  and  irascible  traits  of  character. 
The  result  was  that  the  Creole  population  was  of  rather  a  w.ld 
and  intractable  disposition,  and  mingled  with  it  a  love  of 
rase  and  pleasure.  Labor  was  distasteful  and  onlv  |»Tl'orm- 
ed  as  a  matter  of  necessity  to  provide  for  the  wants  of  life 
and  not  from  any  desire  to  accumulate  worldlv  goods  and 
possessions.  Hunting.  ils.h ing  and  dancing  and  all  manner 
of  sports  and  amusements  were  practiced.  The  same  social 
state  was  observable  here  during  the  Creole  supremacv  a-  ex- 
ists today  in  the  French  Arcadian  settlements  of  Loiisiana 
hack  of  the  Mississippi  River.  The  dance  was  a  favorite 
pastime,  and  the  sound  of  the  fiddle  and  the  tread  of  feet 
to  its  si  rains  were  more  frequently  heard  than  that  of  the 
loom  or  the  anvil.  This  iias  been  so  within  the  memory  of 
men  still  living  who  well  renieniher  the  joyous,  free  an  1  easy 
time-  \\heii  Mitchel  liiclmrdville  \\'as  king  of  the  hall  room 
and  led  the  dance  with  the  strains  of  his  liddle,  and  the  stamp 
of  his  right  foot  at  one  and  (he  same  time  making  as  inu.-h 
noise  with  the  one  as  the  other. 

A  favorite  dance  with  the  French  was  the  king  hall  on  New 
Year's  night.  On  this  occasion  the  voung  man  chosen  as  king 
for  the  ball  had  the  privilege  of  selecting  his  queen  for  the 
dance  and  during  the  evening.  The  kuig  and  queen  were  the 
most  important  persons  at  the  ball  and  enjoyed  themselves,  to 
their  heart's  content.  The  next  dav  the  king  wa-  expected, 
bv  custom,  to  present  his  queen  with  a  new  dress. 

Chicken  lighting  and  horse  racing  wore  also  resorted  to, 
and  were  faxorite  diversions  amon^'  the  Creole  French,  and 
all  manner  of  means  devised  hv  them  to  pas.-  away  the  lime 
and  en  |ov  1 1 1'e  without  work. 

Tli!'  Creoles  were  a  very  sociable  and  hospitable  people.  On 
Fa-ter  Snndav  it  was  an  invariable  custom  among  them  to 
visit  their  neighbors  and  acquaintance-  and  make  presents  of 
coloivd  eggs.  On  Christina-  dav  it  was  expected  that  all 


;ii!i"ii_r   tin-in.    I'lith    yuiinu'   ;iiiii    old.    llialr   and    frnialr.  should 

r\rii;lllU'  '  plVM'lltS  \V  1 1  1 1  lllrif  fl'It'lld-  ;ll!'l  :U'(]llil  I  lllil  MrrS.  (>il 
\r\V  Year's  d;iv  il  \\a-  p'lHTal  I'm1  llirin  In  rXrhaillV  vi-il- 
I'ntlli  hnll-r  In  hnlis<\  ;llld  rVrl'V  ollr  \\  a  -  \Vrlrn|llr  In  ;111V  house 

;ind  \va-  r\|'rrtrd  in  pariiik  •  uf  thr  many  pun  I  tiling-  pi-nvidrtl 

('of   lllr   orrilsii  ill. 

I'  lii'llt  IllU'    \va  -   ri  il  II II  M  ill    ;1  Illi  >1!U'    1  lli  !li    illlil    all    1  lir   (  Yrnlr    lllr  li 
\V01V    lina-lflll     nf    thrir    personal     |i|'<i\Vr>S.        1>U|       tllrx-      ti_l'lll- 

vvi'Vr  all  ill  »M  t'ii>hioiu'i|  >t  vl  •  \\  \ \  h  sucli  arm-  mil \  a-  nat urr 
|iruvidrd.  1  ))  In  1  >  1  !  llir  r  In -I  ions  \Vcrr  atlrlldrd  in  I  hr  \o\\\\ 

iiy  all  liir  voters  ainl  they  \VITC  nut  ronliiiril  10  thr  tu\vnshi|is 
in  u'hirh  id  -v  resided,  'i'lir  ^'rrai  vuluinr  <>!'  thr  votr  \\as  <  ,1-1 
hri'r  at  thr  i-nuiitv  >r;it.  Kli'c-tioi)  dav  \vjis  a  irivat  I'vnit.  and 

lllr  \-ntrr-    U'rllrrallv    tlorkcd    l<i    lllr   rnll|lt\     Scat     lu    \'"1''   aild    M'l- 

;  lir  Hi_rln  -  u-ual  or.  >uch  oi-rasions.      h   \va.-  th'  tiinr  si-t  aj'a!'i 

i-luin    in   M-ulr   |irr.~oiial   di>]iutrs   !>\    li'iai.   li\    haillr  and 

manv  dilliriilt  ;rs  \vrrr  a'lju^lrd  that  \vav  on  rln-iion  d;iv.    'I  ii< 

rr-iill   \vas  thai   thousand-  llorkrd  hri'r  on  rlrrtion  'lav  to  \vi;- 

ii"--   thr-r   personal   riiroiintrr-.      I'l'i'MUi-   vrt    living    111    \ 

in--  ran   i'< -nir in  1  i'T  that   on  rlrrlion  ila\   a-  nian\'  as  a  do/rii 

takr     jihlrr    ollr    al'trl'    ill-'    olllrr.    and     U'ilrll     on. 

v\onld  i-rv.  "Hold,  rip 'liLi'ii  !"  hostililir-  \voii hi  in~tantl\  rra-i1 
and  il  1  -ii|l\  \Vit-  -rttlrd  and  at  rest.  Thr  main  haillr 

ground    \v;i-  thr   inlrr-rriion   of    Main   and    Tini'd   strrrt-.  and 

I  llo  1 1 -a  lid-   ',  i  !'•!•(     a.— rlllhlrd    to   U'it  llr-S   tllr.-r    j  il  1  L;  1  1  1  -I  i  i  •   r  \rlVI-i-, 

Iril   |i!arr-  o|  oli-i  rv;i  i  ion  \\  r rr  at  a  [uvuii  11  m. 

"I'll"    olll_\     X'rllirh1-    to    iir    MM'll    oil    lllr   -tl'rrl-    of    N'mrrllllr-   il- 
Iti         -     i  >  (T,    \\.-rr     l-'i'i-IU-ll    rillM-    rill  In  1    '•>-///,•.<,•//,."(  )lli-   id'   jlli'Ul 

ii-  i  hr  i,|d  (   M-nlr   |-  r-ii'-h  in  t  hi'ir  i-i  ilatrd  rond  it  ion  hrrr  \\<  rr 

IT     •     a    maiinrr    f PMI     ' ;  •      'in -idr   v,  n-ld.      Thi  -      l-'i'rii'  ii 

1  -    of    hoiin     iii;n  |r     ma  nil  fart  H  rr.      Thr-;     \vcn  •     t\vo- 

-    ••.    '  -        r  old \     'in     hi  ii'-i  .      Thi'V   \\  !•[•'• 

'    '    '     "••  '•'  i!:-t  rilrln  i      nf     U  n,  ,d      \\'    tl;o||  |       |l|i        II-'       nf     ;lll\       IIH 


4:; 


whatever.  Thcv  were  used  for  hauling  wood  and  produce  ol 
everv  kind,  and  lV,r  every  kind,  of  farm  work.  They  were  the 
oiilv  \ehiele  provided  for  the  Use  of  the  fainiiv  cither  male  01. 
female.  In  these  cart-,  the  body  of  which  was  in  si/.e  ami 
shape  verv  similar  io  a  larire  drv  li'oods  box.  an  entire  Creole 
faniilv.  man.  wife  and  children,  \\-ould  hmhlle  toireiher  ami 
joslle  ahnii:'  i^oini:'  to  church  or  on  a  visit,  the  horse  maintain- 
ing ti  brisk  trot,  and  the  heads  of  the  household,  bobbing  up 
and  down  at  a  lively  rate. 

These  Creole  customs  and  practice-  \\ore  legitimate  Innis 
of  the  blending  of  the  French  and  .Indian  races.  They  were 
all  professed  Catholics  in  religion,  but  paid  liitle  attention  to 
the  precepts  of  the  church.  They,  as  a  <i'oneral  rule,  oiilv  en- 
tered the  church  mi  three  occasion-  duriinr  life.  Firsi.  when 
baptised:  then  when  married,  and  lastly  when  carried  there 
to  have  the  last  rites  of  ih,-  church  performed  over  their  dead 
bodies.  When  Father  Flairet.  afterwards  lirst  bishop  of 
liardsiown,  I\v..  came  here  as  resident  pastor.  December  '21. 
\  ]'.>''.  he  tried  io  curb  ihe  Creole  population  and  reform  their 
habits  and  enforce  conforniitv  to  church  discipline,  lie  con- 
demned their  wild  and  roving'  ha 'oils  and  fr.volous  amuse- 
ments as  be  mi:1  contrarv  to  the  teachings  of  the  church,  lie 
1'iicouraged  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts  ami  started  a 
free  industrial  school  to  in-lill  into  their  minds  habit-  of  in- 
d n -try.  lleuru'ed  them  to  see  that  tlieir  children  attended  re- 
liirious  schools  where  they  would  form  habits  of  honor,  piet\ 
and  virtue  and  become  nil  honor  io  their  name  and  a  consola- 
tion to  their  i:1  rev  hairs.  lie  exhorted  them  to  fence  about 
their  homes  so  thev  would  be  structures  of  Christian  virtue, 
lie  exhorted  ihem  to  be  faithful  Catholics  and  their  country 
would  be  proud  of  them  as  model-  of  religious  enlightenment 
and  patriotism.  lie  accomplished  much  irood,  but  war-  re- 
called before  he  bad  finished  his  Li'ood  work. 


II 

W.MV  held  here  amonv;  tlii1  Creoles,  a-  well  as  other  settlers 
from  \  ii'Li'ima.  North  Carolina,  Tennessee  and  Kentuek\  lonir 
after  tin-  pa.--av;e  of  the  ordinaiiee  uf  11>;  and  the  state  eon- 
.-titution  of  1>l»i.  In  1>:io  ihe  trustee.-  .if  the  Borough  di- 
reeted  the  Mar-hal  to  take  a  eensus  uf  the  population.  11 
did  so.  and  his  oili -ial  return  to  the  Trustees  shows  the  fol- 
lowing result:  While  male-.  ".  (IS;  white  female-.  ii:'>!>  ;  free 
hlaek  males.  (>'.} :  five  Mark  females.  •  ;:>;  slave  male.-.  1 -J  :  slave 
females,  '.'ii  :  total  pojnilat  ii  >n.  1  .."id."). 

\  ineeiines  \va-  for  a  lon^  time  after  it  \vas  founded  an  out- 
post in  the  wilderness.  It  had  no  t'ommunu-ation  with  the 
colonies  mi  the  Atlantic  and  \\~a-  to  them  a  "/<•/•/•</  \moijinlii. 
\\\\\  ih.'  foi'ination  of  the  Territorial  (!o\ennnent  in  IMHI 
(•handed  all  tin-,  \\hen  the  lir-i  coiners  after  thai  arrived 
here  thev  fouml  a  Kivneh  settlement  sjieakin.i;1  thai  lan^iia^v 
e.\elu-i\'ely.  and!  no  inure  ihan  a  dm/en  Knirli-h  sjieakin^  ])-'0- 
ple  in  tlie  plaec.  The  I'reoli'  |io[iulal  ion  nevei'  leai'ned  to 
speak  the  J'ln^'li-h  lani;'uai:v.  \\'iien  tin;  Territorial  (loverii- 
meiii  \\a.-  formed  and  \  ineeiines  named  a>  tiii-  eapilal.  the  -ea- 
board  States  [toured  their  overilow  populiition  com|iosed  of  . 
]'e.-tle-s.  1  i;it tl in.^  > warm  of  honi.'-eekei's  t  hroii^h  the  Alle^'hen- 
ies  0111  iijiuj]  ili,  neh  prairie:-  of  the  west.  All  tlu^e  adv.  n- 
turons  men  direetel  their  -tep-  in  Viiieeinies  as  a  rommon 
meeea.  A-  the  eiiriaiii  t'o-i'  iijion  tlie  advancing  Sa\on  and 
Cell  iln  •  hehehl  \viili  a  w.  ll  •  mysten  of  a  ne\\  ei\  il  i/.at  ion. 
The  native  Indian  and  Latin  race.-  mingled  m  Iraternal  ae- 
eord  ,,n  ;]«.  Lank-  of  ilie  \\"alia^h.  The  town  \vas  a  inarvi  :.  a 

pan":1    I  on       roii     -•  • i ' of  eiiehan  t  men  i .      A    L  ragmen  I    oi 

I'liM-upe  -nddi  nh   dropped   ill  hi-  path  could  -eaive  luive  awak- 

ni..i'.'    a-lMiii-hiih     I.       Ik       '  I'M,-     iii,,-    nf     \vhili; 

1  ..  •   eivd   u  il  h  adolie.    -a>  h   \\  i  i  n 

it.-  a  feadi,.    f.'-i  i  n  UK  i      \\    :       i  ra      :   ^    vine-   and    half    ii  idden     n 

.-•.,-'•  el'    1  •  '      i  il,    ellelT       illlii    apple    1  n-e-.        i  '1 

i  hi-  i    •  •  •      i  in    i' PI  _ •    v '      -  of  ii  ei  tad1 -1  overlook  iniT  a  in1  i 


Jts  streets  thronged  with  brightly  dressed,  dark-eyed  women 
and  well-dressed  men  chatting  in  a  strange  tongue.  These 
people  were  all  seekers  after  pleasure  and  social  enjoyment, 
and  were  not  wedded  to  the  acquisition  of  wealth.  He  min- 
gled with  them  in  their  balls  and  festive  days.  In  the  church 
the  altar  blazing  with  lights  before  which  robed  priests  chant- 
ed Latin  prayers  and  intoned  the  music  of  the  mas-.  With 
such  scenes  were  the  first  adventurers  of  the  English  speak- 
ing race  confronted  on  their  arrival  among  the  ancient  in- 
habitants of  Tincennes.  But  what  became  of  this  civiliza- 
tion ?  AVhere  are  the  lords  of  the  forest  who  reigned  with  un- 
bounded swav  over  these  fertile  regions?  Where  the  I>ela- 
wares.  the  ivickapoos.  the  Miami-,  the  Shawees.  the  1'otta- 
waiomies;  nay!  even  the  half  civilized  Piankeshaws  who  with 
their  village  occupied  one-half  the  town?  Their  bows  are 
broken,  their  council  fires  extinguished,  the  graves  of  their 
fathers  deserted.  The  white  man  came,  civilization  attended 
him.  and  desolation  and  death  followed  in  his  train.  And 
what  became  of  the  patriarchs  of  the  Post,  the  gay.  the  polite, 
the  lively  and  the  hospitable  French  and  Canadians  who  set- 
tled, it?  The  dance  has  ceased,  the  sound  of  the  viol  is  no 
longer  heard.  The  Anglo-Saxon  has  usurped  the  place  of  the 
descendants,  of  St.  Louis.  !Iow  many  Krench  families  whose 
members  were  formerly  almost  as  numerous  as  the  leaves  of 
the  forest  are  now  represented  bv  anv  living  members?  Where 

1  .  i  O 

are  the  I>ii-serons.  the  Lnsselles.  the  (iclieroms.  the  Andres, 
the  Burdalows.  the  Cardinal-,  the  Ba/adous.  the  Amlin-.  t  he 
liichardvilles.  the  Laderouts.  the  Uacines?  They  are  all 
gone.  This  result  is  attributable  in  pan  to  the  fr-'queni  in- 
termarriage of  blood  relations,  and  the  impoverishment  of 
the  stock.  In  part  from  having  come  in  contact  with  th>- 
Anglo-Saxon,  that  strong  and  aggressive  blood  rate  that  a:>- 
-orbs,  eliminates,  appropriates,  enslaves  or  extinguishes  a!i 
races  thai  come  into  it-  wav.  and  the  re-iili  i-  the  stronger  lias 
sii  npla  nted  t  he  weaker. 


4i  i 


A>     loll-'    a-     tile     Frellcll     held     possession     of     tile     N'ol'lhwe-l 

T'-rritorx   there  \vere  no  roiirl-  of  justice  at   ViiK-ennes  or  any- 
•  Ise     :     the    French   -et  t  lei  i icii  I -.  so   far  as  known.     All 

mailer-  of  dispute  were  deeided  hv  the  various  commandants 

.'•     I'ost  .    who    WiTe    de     \  •        es.     Si  .     A      _<•.     Le(  i  raild     alld 

LeuTas.  All  eoiices-ioiis  of  land,  to  the  inliahilants  \\eiv  made 
hy  them  on  little  -lip-  of  paper,  (if  all  these  transaction-  1,0 
record  wa-  ever  made  -o  far  a-  kno\vn.  and  the  slip-  of  paper 
evidencing  concessions  of  land  were  not  r'eoided.  The  tran.-- 
fers  of  land  were  made  !r  aet  ual  !  ra  n-l'er  of  po.--i--.-ion  a- 

-onal    pr ri  v   ua.-   transferred.     Tin-  \\a-  miidi   the  sinii       - 

the  old   li\.T\   nf  -ei/uiv  iii    I'ji-'ii-li   praetiee.  Tin-   manner  of 
iran-l'erriii.ii'    land-    \\  ii    o    I    n   -on     or   deed    «ravc   the    \ 
States    eiiiiiniitsioi     --  I.       d        in    adjust     French    p-anN 

much  troulile.  as  ihe-r  old  French  grants  had  to  he  a-ccr- 
taiii'-i  aip  adju.-ti'd  I  iv  p;  i-uli  liv-l  imonv. 

After  i;:'     I'.n:;'!:.-  :  acijuired   the  territon    in   lji.>  th'-\   onlv 

•    • :. ; : !   I  *  1 '.'.  a  |n-ri f  nineteen  vea  i1-.  and  nothing  wa.; 

'    •  •    e      .  '  •  •  •    of  otalii  i-hini:  civil   urovern  n 


V\     .  •     \    .  _          ,    -       ••      ihe  terrii  >n   in   \]1'.\    i\   hei    iroo  .- 
r  <  i     ••  •_  •   !;•'_•  '  -  i       i'k.  in  the  -prini^  of  thai   \ear  an  a    ; 

•Li    •'•  /--// ,' <,i  t<',,   ( ',»,/-,,,/,,,/  c,, .,,,,,,,,,, I,  ,-.;„. r/,;,  ,•"        Ileim- 

•  and  -.•-.      1  M  .1  ii!..  .    \}'t  '.i.  in    on 

'       '•  I    '          •  •    ,     />:,•    '      ,,,-•    /'.,.</     {'!„,-  ,,n,s."     Thl  - 


Coi'KTS. 


47 


i!!! 


COURT   HOUSE. 


Is 


court    |  >o-sf  .-.-f  1  1   linili  civil  ;iiiil  criminal   jurisdiction  ami   wa- 

riiinj>o-ft]     of    the     fol]o\villg    j'll'Li-:      I''.     l>ll>s'ro)l.     I..     I1'..      l>i>- 

iic.  1'ifiTf  (iamelin  ;nn!  1'ifnv  Miifrav.  Tin-  court  eontin- 
uc'il  in  existence  uniil  ii  \\  a-  supf  r.-f  ilf  il  liv  tlic  court-  of  the 
1  in  in  I  States.  appi  n  lit  ft!  ii  MI  li-]1  tin-  on  1  ina  nee  of  I  1  >  !  . 

When  tlif  I'niifil  State:-  iirijiiiivil  tlif  territory  >tep-  were 
iakfii  liv  Contrive  to  establish  i-ivil  pivernnient  for  tin-  terri- 
tory. (hi  tlif  l-")th  of  -hilv.  il>l.  an  a  -i  of  C<»Mgiv>s  was 
pa-M-il  oru'anixinLT  \}\  •  "/'•/•/•;/'//•//  ,\  -//•///  irr*/  nf  l/ii  l!n~>r 
oh  in.'"  (leu.  .  \rilinr  Si.  ('lair  \va>  a|ijiointfil  lib-  tii'M  gov- 
friini1  ''i'  tlif  tt-ri'itorv.  In  .lainiarv.  ll'.'ii.  li"  r-fin  \\ 
Sai'^'fant.  M'd'fiarv  of  liif  if  I'l'itorv,  in  1'n-i  \  nii-ciuif>  to  nr- 
L:'ani/f  tin1  foimtv.  Sai'Li'faiii  arcoi'ilni^'lv  cam  '  to  \  infcniifs 
diil  thi>  in  the  sum  HUT  i  >f  1  '  '-111.  ami  naniftl  tin-  n  unit  \  lie 
"I'^'anixi'd  "kii'j.r,"  aftci1  (Ifii.  llfiii'\  i\iio\.  the  sccrctai'v  of 
\\.-ir.  'I'ln'  court  L'>la!ili>lifil  liv  linn  for  Knnx  countv  was 
.-alifil  "ti  nrfil  (JimrtiT  >''-N.V/'(//.S  "•  (In  !'«(<•,."  \\  ht-U  its 
!:r~t  sf.-.-ion  at  the  Iio;i>f  of  .lolm  SuuiU.  \vlio  wa>  app  'intfil 
-  >  rill'  on  .lulv  !.  l"(.'i>.  'I  hfi'f  Were  pi'fsciu  at  I'M-  Sf>-ioii 
a-  jiiil^'f-.  Aiitoinc  (ianifliii.  I'anl  (iamdin,  Francois  llu~~fr- 
oii.  .1  aiiii-s  .loh  n-oii  ami  I  jik'-  I  >ed\f  r.  Sa  iinii-l  1  >a  i  ri  1  was  ;\}<- 
•  ifil  C|,T  :  <>f  tlii-  f»urt.  1  1  con;  iniifil  mil  il  1  mliaua  TiTi'i- 
;or  \\  a-  i  ir.u'a  ni/.ftl  in  1  Mi". 

Ti  •  i'f  \\  a.-  a  con  ri  of  "if//,  /   ,/,/,/    /',  /•////'//.  /•.  .///./  t  i,  i/<  /•</    ./  / 

!>•''<  ,\      -'/'',"  ,      ,    •      \          cfllllf--    ill    <  Ictoli.T.     1  ^  !»."). 

furl  ,lniin  (  |f\c-  S\-innif-.  ~"iiinr  jiiiluv  of  tlif  'IV  rritorv 
\  ,  :  •  ,  -•  ,,i  •  ,  (»|  ...  |',u;  •  •  •  ni-iii  •--  \\-a-  ilniii-  ai  '  i  - 
-••--."I:,  a  n<  '  I  n  If  i  •  '  .  -a  n  :  coil  ri  f  \  f  r  li  •!•  :  Ilf  i1'1 


I,       .          T    ,,    ,,  . 

1  _  .  \\        .        (  .Li 

•  '  ..  'I'-  n    •. 

•   •  .  -  .    •  .,  ,  , 


|-'i  i  ,  ;M     i  in 

•    ,  •       •  ,  ,  i,  |      •    -    :  _ 

••,     ••!,.  ,,.  :  ,'   i   ,,,,,•'.      an  :   f  \f  r     -    • 


CoTRTs.  4'.» 

jurisdiction  throughoui  the  territory.  The  other  was  called 
"Common  1'h'nx.  '  and  it.-  jurisdiction  was  limited  to  the  sev- 
eral, counties  and  possessed  jurisdiction  in  probate  matters. 
.Henry  ]  hirst  was  cierk  of  both  these  courts  from  their  organ- 
ization until  they  were  superseded  1>\-  the  courts  organized  by 
tlie  State  Government  in  IMii. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  Male  Government  probate 
matters  have  been  transacted  by  dilTerent  courts.  The  first 
one  in  point  of  time  was  tlie  ''f'onr/  uf  Pro!>nle."  Tlie  fol- 
lowing judges  presided  in  tins  court  in  tlie  order  named: 
William  (.'ami  hers.  William  K.  Mc(  'all.  John  Kwing.  John  !>. 
Drennon.  Henry  .Ruble.  Mark  llarnett.  William  L.  Coleman. 
William  Polke.  John  Moore  and  Uidmrd  P.  Price.  This 
court  was  adjourned  xi-nc  tlie  Saturday.  August  J-5.  IS'?!). 

Tlu;  above  court  wa>  succeeded  bv  the  " ['rul/filr  Court.'' 
"\vhich  Ava>  organized  September  T.  1  .>'?!).  The  following  per- 
sons presided  as  judges  in  this  court  in  the  order  named: 
William  Polke.  George  W.  K\ving.  Abner  T.  Ellis.  Kobert  X. 
( 'arnun,  George  If.  Gibson.  U'obcrt  I*.  Me( 'ounghev.  John  II. 
Harrison.  James  Thorne  and  Clark'  Willis.  This  court  \vas  in 
ps.v?  abolished  bv  act  of  the  Legislature. 

The  Probaie  Court  \vas  succeeded  bv  the  "ConrL  of  Com- 
mon Pica*:'''  This  court  was  organi/ed  in  this  county  Ja^i- 
uarv  :).  1>-.V!.  This  was  not  stricllv  speaking  a  count}'  court. 
Jt  \vas  called  a  district  court  and  embraced  several  couiuids, 
]iresiiled  over  b\-  tlic  same  judge.  This  district,  in  which 
Knox  conntv  \vas  situafed.  \vas  coni|)0sed  of  the  countie.-  «>f 
]\no\.  .I)avie-s.  Martin  'ind  L'ikc.  This  conn  had  jurisdiction 
(•fall  probate  matter-  and  civil  cases  when  the  amount  in 
controversy  did  not  exceed  one  thousand  dollar-,  but  not  in 
cases  of  slander  or  where  the  title  to  real  estate  was  involved, 
r.nd  in  criminal  cast's  less  than  .felony.  The  following  per- 
sons presided  as  judge-  in  this  court  in  tin-  county  in  >  he 
order  named  :  Uidiard  A.  (  lements.  Jam,-  C.  Dennv.  llicb- 


;ml    A.    (  'lenient-.   Jr..    \Villi:iin    I.'.    (iardner     an. I     James   T. 

I'icivc.  This  conn  wa-  ah<>  H<hed  K\  an  ad  nf  ihc  Le^i-la- 
iiin1  1 1:  1  >  '.'•'>.  a  in !  il>  jurixlict  ion  n  MI  1  I  nisi  lie--  was  I  r;ui>t'rTi  •  ii 
I"  tlir  (  'iivuii  (  iturl. 

Th  '  ino-t  important  rnui'I   in  di^'nitv  and   jurisdiction  in  llie 
I'HiiMv   ha-  ever  in1*1!!    llie  ('ii'etiil    ('ourt.      h    ha-  alwavs   po— 

-e»ed     Belief;!  I     enllllimn     1  a  *\      and     eijllilV     |ln\Ve|S     1!1     all     cilSCr-, 

i.olli  ei\il  .-Hid  ei'iiiiinal.  h  \vas  lirsi  ri'ealed  I iv  an  act  of  the 
I'eri'ituria]  l.e^'islat  ni'e  |ia>-"d  ai  Cufvilisn  in  !  >  1  i.  The  lir-l. 

enlll't  Illel  1|]  ill!-  ciillMU  M  ,  1  \  I1.  lxl  !.  Illll  I)H  iillS!!)e--  \\',l^ 
i  !';i  n-ai'I  I'd.  a-  nillv  llie  c|i  rk  ,li;ii  sllel'iH'  Were  |i]'e-ellt.  lilll  IM 
|M'e-ldelll  jllilu'i1.  The  saille  tiling  oerlll't'ei]  al  llie  t'nl  1(  lU'illg 

AIIL;'!!-!  term,  a.-  im  [iresidein  jnda'e  ap]ieai'ei|.  The  lir-i  li'i'ii, 
this  emir!  at  which  anv  hii<iiie>s  wa-  iransacteil  was  held 
March  \'>.  l--l"i.  when  Isaac  IMackfui'd  appeared  a-  the  pre.-- 
idem  jnd-e.  and  Daniel  Sullivan  and  -lann-  I',.  Mi-Call  a> 
a— uciate  judges,  h  was  I'm1  maiiv  v*'ar>  thai  in  ihi-cniiri  in 
addition  tir  ihe  pi-esideiit  judu'e.  \\lin  wa-  I"  lie  a  lawver.  ilierc 

WelV     1  \\  i  i    assuciate    j'lld^e-    \\lln     Wel'e     lln|     l)eee->a  I1!  1  \      ]'• '( 1 1 1  1  !'i'(  I 

I"  In'  la\vvers.  T!ir  preHdein  judges  in  this  cmii'l  have  lieen 
in  the  order  naiiieil:  l-aac  lilai-kfnnl.  Ma\id  Ua  \  inniid. 
William  1'riiice.  Thoma,-  11.  I'.lake.  Ceiu-ral  \V.  .Inhn-n,,.  .Jon- 
athan I  >i.tv.  Jac.ili  (  'all.  John  II.  1'oi'lei-.  John  Law.  (i  'iieral 
\\".  John.-oi  .  Aim.ry  Kinn.1  .  h'.li-lia  \I.  1 1  untiii-loii.  William 
I',  lirvani.  John  Law.  Samuel  H.  (J.M.kins.  Delaim  II.  Ke.-l.-s. 
Alvin  I1,  llnvev.  \Villiani  I-!.  Nil.lack.  Kallanl  Smilh.  Michael 


Mr.vieiPAi..  51 


CHAPTER  VIII. 
M  rxicii'AL. 

\  i iiccii no  enjoys  ilit.-  uni(|iH'  distinction  as  having  been 
known,  and  recognized  l>v  name  lon^  heloiv  -lie  was  legally 
born.  Il  was  1'requenily  mentioned  as  "I'xirou^li  of  Yin- 
ceimes"  in  many  oHicial  documents  and  reports  and  ads  of 
le^'i-lat  11  ivs  before  any  speciiie  aci  incorporating  ii  \\'as  ever 
pa-sed.  h  \vas  referred  ID  as  the  " P>orouirh  of  \'inrcnnc-"  in 
ilic  ad  of  ihc  Torritorial  Lc'ifislatiuv  Lncorporjitinn'  ilic  "\'in- 

I  ."• 

cciinos  I  ni\ ci'-ily."  wliidi  was  passed  in  ISoi.i.  Tlic  lirst  ad 
incorporai  in^  A'im-cniu's  \\'as  passed  l>y  the  'l.'ci-i'ituri;il  Lc^is- 
latni'f  in  1S(»7.  l>y  this  ;id,  the  follmyin^  pei'smis  vvci"'1  c-ro- 
a. ted  its  (ii'sl  hoard  ol'  ti'iistees:  IJoherl  Iiiiiitin.  \\illiain  P>ul- 
litt,  Chai'les  Smith.  Ilyacinthe  Las.-elle.  rlosluui  P>end.  Henry 
Hurst.  -Jacoh  K  u\  kemlal  I.  Toui^sant  Duhois  and  Peter  -ioiies. 
'The  ad  declared  the  territory  included  within  the  following 
boundaries  to  he  the  limits  of  the  boroug'h:  llart  street  on 
the  northeast,  the  church  lands  on  the  southwest,  the  \\a,has]i 
river  on  the  northwest  and  Klevenlli  street  on  the  southeast. 
These  boundaries  continued  to  lie  the  limits  of  the  old 
borough  until  the  ad  of  the  -Male  le^islai  uiv  passed,  January 
•">.  1  .s  1  ] .  annexed  lo  it  "Harrison's  Addition."  The  limits  of 
the  borough  thus  extended,  continued  to  be  its  limits  durinif 
the  life  of  the  borough  organization.  The  subsenuenl  annex- 
ation- to  include  tile  pre-ellt  limits  of  the  citV  ha\c  all  been 
the  work  of  the  city  oru'a u i/a t  mil. 

A  number  of  ads  were  afterwards  pa--ed  by  the  stale  leg- 
islature amendatory  in  character,  but  ihe  most  important  one 
was  the  ad  pa>-ed  I-'ebruarv  1  I.  1S:!8.  Thi-  borough  or^ani- 


•"C'  A     HlsToKY    ill-'     \"l\(   KNN  l>. 

xation  remained  in  operation  uniil  it  was  succeeded  liv  the 
present  i-iiv  organization  in  Is.Vi. 

The  oli!    r>oroiii_rh   'if    Vineeniies  during  it:-   lon^  continued 

CXisU'lH-O     called      into       her      -el'\ice      IlliillV      1  I'll  -1  \\  <  i  ft  1 1 V      Illt'll. 

Amo>i!_r  these  1  \\ill  name  the  following  who  tilled  varioti- 
positions  of  trust  ;in<!  honor  under  ill''  old  iKirniin-li  of  \'in- 
i-cniU's :  .l;icoh  1>.  l-'.ni'iv.  .lolni  Mnmv.  (iciirral  \\".  .Jolni.-on, 
('hnrli'S  If.  '!'illii)xli;i-t.  V;ili'iiiiiir  I.  I')r;idic\-.  .\iidi'c\\  (ijii'il- 
IKT.  Mariin  lJolpin-o!i.  Aimer  T.  Kllis.  (icor^,,  ||.  ( '.  Sulli\aii. 
<h\vii  K'rily.  John  l-',\vin--.  .lolin  Collins.  Mlihn  Stout.  Saiii- 
u.-l  Hill.  Hi-iirv  D.  \Vli«M-liT.  .!.  ('.  S.  Harrison  and  .l.'ivmiah 
1  )oiio\  ail. 

Tin-  la>t  nnviiiii:  of  thr  Imard  of  trustees  under  the  n!d 
liormii;'li  urbanization,  \\-a-  held  on  the  ~.\\\  da\  of  [-'eld'uarv. 

An  eleeiion  was  hi'ld  mi  the  'j.'ith  dav  of  .lanuarv.  l>">ii.  t» 
decide  the  (juestion  \vliet!n  i1  to  ahandon  the  old  honm^li  or- 
ganization and  iiieui'puraii1  under  the  general  law  of  tlic  -tale 
pruviilin^  foi-  the  ineorji  n'ation  of  eitii-.  This  election  called 
out  hiit  a  liirlil  \ote.  The  \\"hole  nuniher  of  vote-  east  \vas 
only  "'-V)  nf  \\-hidi  1>!  wei'e  iii  favor  and  ~,  I  anain-l  the  adop- 
tion, lie]!,--  an  allinnati\e  niajoritv  of  ID"  votes  in  favor  of 
the  adoption  of  ihe  general  law  of  the  -tale  for  the  incorpora- 
tion of  titie.-.  This  niajoritv  wa.-  Mitlicieiit.  liu\\-rver.  to  dc- 
-t  ro'  ih'-  1  io  ron  ^h  or^anixaroii  and  that  historical  old  horou^'ii 

ei-a-'-d     |u        •   •  -'     a      i  •     the    iM   \\      horn    e'lt  \     of     \    illeelllle-    -Ucceeded 

to     '  -    power-  and    f  ra  in-h  i-e-. 

T    c     fo|!.,\\  ii  _     pei'-uns    ha\.       il  .   :'     \Ia\or    ,,f 

\          '•elllh'-      11!      tile     order     lUIHled:     .lo'llll       Mooj'c.     .laille-      |)ic.    . 

\\  liiiain  A.  .1..!  i-.  Uichard  .1.  McKenney.  Ih  nn  V.  Some,. 
( icor-v  [•;.  ( ; p.,. i  .  .  \\'illiani  I'..  Kohin-on.  .lann-  S.  I'ritclid  i. 
\\':  iam  II.  lit  --on.  William  \\.  S.-ari.irlit.  .lame-  II.  Shon.-c. 
.[  \\  .  i,.  Kraii.-i-  Murp  .  '  'liver  (i.  M  i'ler  and  (,.-or-,. 


Mrxirii'.u..  •">•'• 

Tli(;  following  pei>on>  have  filled  the  oiliee  of  clerk:  Jaiin> 
S.  Maves.  John  K\viii!_r.  AH»Ti  Montgomery,  (.'liarlcs  (I. 
M'alhcsie.  (icor^v  (i.  'rui'iu-y.  Minil  (rrill.  Charles  \V.  I^ast- 
liani.  Charles  A.  Cripii>.  Cynis  M.  Allen,  (u-or^c  M.  CJreetii1 
and  ( 'harJrs  J.angcl. 

The  J'dlliiu  ini.';  ha\r  hccn  trea>ui'i'i' :  Andrc\v  Armstrong. 
Isaac  X.  Kasthain.  (Jerliarcl  II.  Duesterhcr^.  Joseph  Bey. 
Charles  \\".  Jones.  Peter  Ii.  ^IcCarihy.  Ileni'v  15.  Duesterherg. 
Cliai'les  (I.  .Mathesie.  Frank  1 1.  IlolTinan  and  Thomas  l-]asi- 
hani. 


CIIAITKII  IX. 

1'oi.lt'K. 

l'"i'  ;i   eMiiun    after  ilii    inwii   \v,-i-   founded    it    \\-a-  \viihuiii 

mcDi'ini]1;.!  ion    Hi1    police   u'ua  i'dian>h  i  p.      hiiriii.:    all    thai 

'   lie-   tin-   inhabitants-   \\viv  hoiie-l    and   c\  en  li»d\    attended    ID 

:  •-  "V  :     IHIHIIC—   ami    -uU'eivd    hi-   iici^'hiior   tn   iln   the   same. 

I  !'•     d  ist  illrl  |o)|      lietUtvll      In'   hni      aild      III:;,!,      U;|-       -trictlv       oh 

-i-r\rd.      In  fart   thi'  door-  nl'  the  house-  \\viv  \vithout   locks  or 

-  r-   nf  an\    kind.      Tlii-   \va>   th'-  coinlit  !DH   nf  all'air-  durinu' 

I  In-  !•  rciu-li  -i!  |  iivmarv.      \\  1 1  h  i  hr  i  nil  u.\  "f  >i  i'MiiLri'i'>  l\'<  un  1  hi- 

Al  aniir   v;;i!i'~  cMinc  ih''    iici-f.-.-i  I  \'    flip  civil   i '  r_:  ,i  ii  i  /.a  1 1 1  <i  i  and 

•i-  jn'ntfi-t  imi.     Ai-t-'irdiiiLi'ly.  in    l>c;.  ih,.  tn\vn  \\'a-  iiiciir- 

:•"!•;;•>•<:   1'iir  tiic  iirsi  tinic  a,-  a  lioi'Diiu'l).      !''"r  inanv  vc;ii>  at'ti-r 

II  -     till'     |ii>lji-r     jil'Dlri-tii  ill     nf     lllr    1 "  \\  Ii     \\"a-    r-MI  ist'Mrt  <  H'l  I  \      |H-r- 

i'lii'iiii-d    hy    the    inar-hal    alniir.      And    I'-ir   a    IDII^    lini"    al'ti'i1- 
'   i  rd-,  with  tlii-  a.-.-i>lanrr  < >f  a  -i  HL:  !•  -  d>-j MM  \ .      I'h  i-  1-1  int  i  n iii-d 

' tin-   i-a.-i-  duriiiLi"  lit''   lift'  "i    thi1   I i: M'I ni'j h   (irpiiiixalinii. 

T    '•   i'i.ll'i\\  in-'  I..T-DHS   lill'-d   lln-  ulii  •  •  D|'  inai'-hal  durin-  thi- 
j  M-rj'  "1  :    pli-i'.-iii  IM!I    I  >niiD\  a  n.  Thiiina-  .1 .    lii-di'i1.   I  ii-nJMiiiin    I  . 
r.'"riit-  and    A.    I..    1'nrn'iViT.      Alh-r   thi-  ur^'aii  ixat  \«\\   D|' 

^DVrniini'iit    ill-     r.iiiiiiiDii     cDiiiicil.    Si'|iti-nihrr    1.    1871. 

j.;i--«d    aii    i  n'd  i  naiici'    nf^;i  n  i/i  11^-   n    jmlii'c    fm-i-i'    ID   a~-i-i    tin- 

i'-hal    in    k'iii|iiiiLr   Drdi'i'   and    (iiv-m  ini:'     the     [it-arc.      The 

1. 1        ,       |'D|  i-i       •'..;•••,,•!•.           |rd       '        tile    ell  , 
;tl;d     \\  ej-e    -idijeel      ID    i  i  -    culll  I1        .  H  n      I'cl 'd 

;,,,-,•     i  Uti-llded.        'I    ;!'      fi  d  i'  >\\  i  ,  ;-•    |ie|--Dll-    liili'd     I  lie    i  i.'i;   •.  •    D  f    i   |l  V 

"-    ,  •  "  •    .    en  \   ni'_;a  n  ixat  inn  ;      Miiia  niicl    M  ci-ciilicl  ier. 

.1.      -     d.    \\  ,,n,  ,'  .   .1,  n  n  i, di    |  >,, n  ,\:l]  .   .la.-,,  ,    M.-i/u'.-i1.   .!D|III 
\     i'      '  JIM,.    \\        ,  M     S,  ,  '  -.   Ji-hi     T.    \|.  i'.ri  ;--.    L-.iii-    II 

.1,,     •    -,e    .    I  ,     ,,|  _  •     \1.    \\  i      I,     :il      i    'l'!|..|ini-    ll'i    •     1-1 -MI    . 
I'     ..    t  ,t    i   ,    l';i         \--i'M  .     ,.  •     :      •      -e--i'i||    '•)'     i  '"  '  i     II    IH 


I'or.iei-:.  •>") 

act     providing   for  a    metropolitan     police  so  as  to    include 
A'inccnncs  within  the  provisions  of  that   law.     This  law  had 
already  been  in  force  as  to  many  cities  of  the  State  for  manv 
years.     But  its  provisions  only  included  such  cities  a>  had  a 
larger  population  than  Yincennes.     The  amendment  of  1!>01 
made  the  law  applicable  to  cities  having  a  population  as  large 
as  Yincennes.     "Under  the  metropolitan  system  the  governor 
of  the   State   is   authori/ed    to   appoint  three    police   commis- 
sioners in  cities  within   its  operation,  only  requiring  him  to 
select  members  so  far  as  possible  from  the  two  leading  politi- 
cal parlies.     This  restriction  on  the  appointing  power  of  the 
governor  insures  a  non-partisan  board  of  police  commission- 
ers.    The  governor  under  this  act  appointed  as  the  first  board 
of  police   commissioners   for    Yincennes.    Sehuyler    (,'.   Beard, 
Daniel  L.  Homier  and  Dexter  (Jardner.     These  appointees  are 
all  good  and  competent  men  and  their  appointment  gave  gen- 
eral satisfaction  to  the  people  of  the  city.     These  police  com- 
missioners are  empowered  to  make  rules  for  the  government 
of  the  police  force,  to  lix  the  number  of  the  force  ami  then* 
compensation,  and  can   remove  the  members  for  cause  \Viien 
they  see  proper.     The  compensation  of  the  commissioners  is 
not  fixed  bv  themselves,  but  by  the  governor.     This  police  sys- 
tem will   in  all   probability  give  ihe  city  better  police  protec- 
tion than  the  old.     This,  for  the  reason  that   there  is  no  di- 
vided responsibility  in  the  appointment  of  the  commissioners 
or  members  of  the  force.     The  responsibility  for  the  character 
ami    qualifications   of    the     police     commissioners    rests    indi- 
viduallv  with  the  governor,  and  his  reputation  in  the  matter 
is  directly  and  solely  at  stake  and  will  cause  him  on  that  ac- 
count   to  appoint    qualified   and   worthv  men    without    bias  or 
prejudice.     The  same   responsibility  rests  upon   the  commis- 
sioners   in    the  appointment    of   members  of   the   police  force, 
and  will   operate  upon  them   in  the  appointments  the\    make. 

11  1   1 

and    thus  a    competent  and    trustworthy    police    force   will   al- 


r,r, 


\\heii  this  svstein  first  Went  miu  uperatiun  In-iv  there  \vas 
manil'esteil  in  some  'jiiariers  uppositiun  to  it.  But  this  oppo- 
sition and  criticism  was  premature  and  nut  well  founded. 
The  sVstem  ha-  not  Yd  heen  inven  ;l  fair  trial,  and  its  work- 
ings aiv  nut  Yd  knuwn.  This  opposition  was  in  part  due  tu 
persuiiul  considerations,  hut  mainlY  to  partisan  prejudice  on 
account  uf  its  heinu'  supposed  t.u  he  a  Hepuhlican  measure. 
But  this  Yiew  is  erroneous.  It  is  imt  a.  K'eptiU  i.-an  measure, 
hut  was  original! Y  introduced,  as  a  Democratic  me.isuiv  and 
supported  h\-  siieh  men  as  Thomas  A.  Uoiidricks.  Joseph  ]-.. 
McDonald.  William  II.  Kngli.-li.  Isaac  1'.  Gray  and  Richard 
.1.  Bnu'ht.  But  this  partisan  \  iew  shuuld  nm  he  entertained. 
The  system  should  he  iuri\'en  a  fair  trial,  ami  it  will  he  devel- 
oped that  it  is  a  heiter  system  than  the  old. 


Yince!llles  almost  from  the  <  M'LI'illl  I/at  loll  of  till1  territorv, 
IKIS  been  liberally  supplied  \vitli  newspapers.  The  establish- 
ment of  ;1  newspaper  ill  ;l  place  is  Mil  1  111  [toll  M 11 1  i  I'M  ill  Its 

liistorv.  The  pivs>  is  the  ii'reai  conduit  through  which  intel- 
ligence is  Lreiierally  dissemi  iiMtcd  ainon^  the  masses.  It 
brings  communities  in  close  contact,  with  each  other  and 
tend:-  ill  MM  eminent  decree  to  enlighten,  reline  and  elevate 
tlu-  character  of  the  masses  u'enerallv. 

The  first  neu '-paper  estaU  ished  in  Yineennes.  and  in  fact 
in  the  whole  territory,  now  comprising  the  State  of  Indiana. 
\vas  the  \\estern  Sun.  h\  Klihu  Stout.  The  first  number  of 
this  paper  was  issued  on  Julv  1th.  ISO  I.  It  required  much 
labor  and  endurance  to  establish  this  paper.  The  material  for 
the  purpose  had  to  be  procured  in  Kentucky  and  transported 
here  on  pack  horses.  There  were  no  roads  leading  from  Yin- 
ceiines  to  the  .Mast  at  that  time.  Mr.  Stout  was  compelled  to 
take  three  horses  on  his  trip  to  Kentucky  to  procure  material 
and  travel  through  the  wilderness.  One  of  the  horses  was 
lor  himsell  to  ride  and  the  other  two  for  the  purpose  of  carrv- 
in.ir  the  material.  Hut  lie  persevered  and  issued  his  lirst  num- 
ber July  I.  1S()|.  The  publication  was  roindarlv  eont inued 
lor  nearly  two  vears.  when  the  ollice  was  destroyed  bv  lire. 
l>u!  not  discouratred,  he  procured  from  Kentiickv  other  ma- 
terial, a nd  on  t  he  -1 1 1 1  of  J  ul  v.  1  si (^ .  issued  the  lirst  number  of 
his  resurrected  paper.  lie  continued  its  publication  with 

1         1  I 

regularity  until  November,  is  I-"),  when  he  was  appointed 
Postmaster  MI  Yineennes.  and  sold  the  paper  to  John  K. 


.1 's.  1  Miring  ihe  time  Mr.  Stout  puhlished  the  paper  he 

look  in  partnership  manv  dillerent  person-  who  soon  became 
discouraged  and  fell  hy  the  wayside.  The  names  of  these 
persons  it  i-  not  necessary  to  state.  After  In  sold  the  paper  to 
Jones,  it  wa-  neM'lected  and  for  a  rime  it-  puldication  sus- 
pended. I  Miring  this  time  attempts  were  made  to  start  vari- 
ous papers  under  diilVrent  name-,  hut  they  were  all  -h'>n 
lived,  and  soon  passed  away  and  were  forgot  ten.  Aimm--  the 
nuniher  mav  In'  mentioned:  "Jones  \ineennes  Sentinel." 
"The  Indiana  Patriot."  "The  \ineennes  ('ourant."  "The 
Patrio;  and  ('ourant."  Finally  (leor^'e  I1'..  ( i  reeiie  in  ls.">(i. 
purdiased  the  papi-r  and  iv-issiied  it  under  its  old  name. 
"Western  Sun."  From  the  time  he  took'  possession,  the  paper 
has  heen  a  -m-cess.  !i  naiieia  i  ly  ami  politically,  and  has  become 
a  leadline  hcmocralic  paper  in  Southern  Indiana.  Mr.  (Jreene 
commenced  iln-  publication  of  a  semi-weekly  when  he  took 
dianre  and  Mr.  Puree!!,  the  present  proprietor,  in  l>l;i  com- 
menced the  publication  of  a  daily.  Mr.  (Jreeiie  died  in  1,-Tn 
and  the  paper  was  purchased  hv  (Jen.  Ifeiibeii  ( '.  Kise.  He 
soon  died  and  tin- paper  \vas  purchased  by  1  >r.  Alfred  Pattmi. 
He  -id.-e,iUent  !y  -old  the  estab]  isltmeiit  to  Andivw  J.  Thorna- 
iV  ( 'o.  h  pa — d  from  them  to  the  possession  of  lloval  F. 
Pu  reel  I.  the  present  proprietor. 

In  ihe  earlv  da\s  of  the  lerrilorv  mai  ditl'eivnt  news- 
paper- uviv  atteinjited  to  lie  started  here  b\  Samuel  Hill. 
Jo]  m  K\\  i  n'_r  and  M  r.  <>sborn.  but  all  ihe-e  \ent  up1-  were  fai  I- 
iiiv-.  nd  hi  pa] ii  rs  :':  •  -tailed  soon  pa~-ed  out  of  existence. 

In  1M'.  lli"  Indiana  Sentinel  wa-  started  bv  N.  Pdaekman. 
for  \\;lli-  |-'ello\\s.  and  was  publi-hed  in  a  brick  lniildin^ 

oppo-l     e     •      e      \"il    eeillles     -leaill      lllii  I      ill      tile     Uppe)'     pa  I'l     of     !  he 

eitv.  H  "Harris"!!     Park."      This    paper     •,>,,- 


N  K\\  SI'Al'KHS.  59 

vance  and  advertise  its  business.  The  publication  of  the 
paper  was  continued  until  the  failure  of  the  steam  mill  com- 
panv  some  four  or  live  years  after,  when  its  publication 
ceased. 

In  isnS  a  paper  was  started  here  in  the  interest  of  .Jona- 
than .Jennings,  who  was  a  candidate  for  Territorial  Delegate 
to  Congress  against  Thomas  Randolph,  who  was  then  District 
Attorney  of  the  I'nited  States  for  the  Indiana  territory.  Jen- 
nings was  stronplv  opposed  to  the  introduction  of  slavery  in 
the  territorv  and  he  claimed  that  Randolph  was  at  heart  in 
favor  of  its  introduction.  To  advance  his  political  interests, 
a  paper  was  started  here  which  took  strong  ground  against 
the  introduction  of  slavery  in  the  territory  and  warmlv  advo- 
cated the  election  of  Jennings.  But  this  venture,  like  all  its 
predecessors,  was  short  lived  and  ceased  to  exist  with  the 
occasion  that  called  it  forth. 

The.  first  paper  that  can  be  said  to  have  been,  founded  here 
in  opposition  to  the  Sun  was  the  Vincennes  (J-azotte.  started 
bv  Richard  Y.  Caddinii'ton  in  ls:$i).  This  paper  was  ably 
edited  and  became  the  orpin  of  the  YVhiir  party,  and  was  a 
success.  AFr.  Caddin.trton  continued  its  publication  until 
Is.V).  The  paper  was  then  sold  to  Harvev  Mason  \-  Co..  who 
successfully  continued  its  publication  until  Mav  "?s.  l,s.">!), 
when  it,  became  the  property  of  Dr.  IF.  M.  Smith  and  M.  1.'. 
Ciee.  In  Isi'il  \\  illiam  Dennv  became  proprietor  and  con- 
tinued its  publication  until  Isii-j.  when  Cvrus  M.  Allen  and 
Dr.  II.  M.  Smith  became  owners.  In  a  few  month-  diaries 
I.  A\  illiams  became  proprietor  and  Cyrus  M.  Allen  continued 
as  editor.  In  May.  1  si;:;.  ."John  M.  \\"ilson  became  proprietor 
with  T.  C.  Shuber  as  editor,  hi  January,  Isiil.  \YilIiam  II. 
Jackson  succeeded  Sliuhcr  :ls  I'ditoi*.  In  a  fe\\-  month-  it 
pas«ed  into  the  hand-  of  William  il.  Jackson  and  .John  M. 
(iriH'm.  On  October  1  I.  ls<>r>.  John  M .  (JriHin  became  sole 


(>O  A     Ill-n>KY     i>K     \'lM    KNNKS. 

pruprietur  and    tlic    "Id     Viiu-ennes    (ia/ett 


On  tin.  -.'Iih  I-Yhruary.  \^-<l.  \Villiani  II.  .lackxm  and 
,lanie-  (I.  lIiiti-hinsoM  eoiiiniciired  ilic  puh]  irat  ion  uf  the 
"N,'e\\-  of  the  Day."  Thi-  \va-  a  paper  devoted  to  the  i-ansi- 

of    tile    1\1!"\V    NothlllL:'    party   ;ll)il    In-ill^-    l<ie;Hn|     ill    ;|    eo]  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  t  V 

hostile  l"  that  partv.  it  -ooii  expiri'd  a  nainral  death  for  \vant 
of  pat  rona^v. 

The  "Old  I'o-l  I'liinn"  \vjjs  Marled  hv  .laiiie^i.  llun-liinsim. 
Mai'eh  ).  l>'i'_'.  Tin-  paper  -nr\i\i'd  hut  a  vi-rv  -Imn  tune. 
and  \\'as  >ueeei.cdi'd  liv  the  "\iiicrinns  '1  iine>.  the  pulilii-a- 
t  inn  of  \\  li  ieh  \\'a-  emu  nie  i  iced  hv  It.  ^  .  (  addin^ton  and  \\  1  1  1- 
iain  II.  .lack-nil.  Mr.  .laekson  n-tin-d  I'l'mn  the  paper  and 

\Va>M!eeeeded    hv(iell.     LitXsH'US     N.»lll.'.     I  >eret  1  1  1  >e  r    •  ',.     1  >  ]  ',  1  .    The 

paper  \\a>  -nld  to  Malachi  K  r.-li-.  Oetuher  ]  ;  .  !>;:».  hut  Ivivlis 
failed  in  pav  the  pmvha^e  inuni-v  and  the  ]iaper  passed  !" 
JaiiH-  .1.  Maye,.  Juhn  Mallet  and  A.  V.  Ci-,.ii>.  Mr.  Cmtts 

Ce;l-ei|  hi.-  enlilleet  lull  \\ilh  jh,.  paper  il]  1  *>  i  !  I  ;llld  II  -"'ill 
after  eea-ed  |u  -\:-|. 

Tile     "  \'  illeelllle-       (  'ulll  llli'l'eia  1"       U  a-       e-trddi>llei|      il\      >.      |-'. 

llurrall.   A.    llmrail   and    N.    ll-rrail.    Man  n    I:'..    !>;;.   under 

the  (inn   name  uf  >.    I-'.   Nun-ail  A    Sun-.     Tin-   paper  \v,-is  de- 

\nt'-d    i"   !!;-'   intei'r-i-  u|'    the    I  Jepi!  i  il  i  ea  ii    pa  n  \    and    \va-  cun- 

its  I'ui  !  i  IIT-  nisi  il   |-'i    inia  r\    1  •"'.  I  »  1  .  \vhen  it  i  >a--ed 

illl'i     tile     hand-     iif     1  he     "(    <  i'i    'I    .    l'i    :.•;  [      (    ulllpMllV."     \VJI  ll     T.      II. 

Adam-  a-  editor.       I     •     paper  \var    -n    -'•<|iii'iil  1      pnri  ha-ed    \>\ 

M  I'.  \-  ail  -.  \\  hu  In.eaille  the  -ule  p  fup  |'i  i  '!  uf  aild  eilltuf.  alld 
ha  -  ei  ei]  '  -  '  i  i||  11  1  !  I  1  I  the  pfe-i'Ml  |  1  111  •.  Ill  ;ld- 

iec|     -      'ee.—  I'u  1  1  '      and 

pl'u!;  till';  --lied.         I'        -    ,.     ''        eiind  llel.'i       a  II'!    i  : 

!o     M'   1  In-  i  iru;  le     •  ''I  IT-     i  n    t  h  i  -  ei  MI  n  1  \  , 

I'!       "\     i,i-eni,e-    \..\\-"   ua-   i-';.    .     -     i  .       i      \\.    \V.    I'.ai 

\\     i  I'l  i     \\    ,n!     I'.a   !i       a-  !  ,!n,,r   ii      !-l  1        T      -    \va- 


\K\\  SPAPKKS.  til 

a  weeklv  paper  and  "was  edited  with  marked  ability.  It 
claiiiK'd  to  be  a  Democratic  paper,  but  was  errat  ic  in  its  course, 
and  was  never  recognized  as  tlie  orpin  of  the  Democratic 
party.  It  was?  generally  thought,  to  be  a  political  guerilla.  It 
advocated  the  llenrv  (ieorife  theorv  of  a  single  tax  and  for 
want  of  suliicient  patronage  ceased  to  exist  about  1S84. 

I  must  not  omit  to  notice  the  "Yincennes  Joker  and  Jocu- 
lar Jinider."  a  small  newspaper  started  here  in  IS-Ki.  in  the 
interest  of  merriment  ami  ^ood  feeling.  It  was  a  spicy  little 
sheet,  and  was  devoted  td  personal  criticism  of  a  harmless 
nature.  It  was  ablv  edited,  bv  D.  ('.  Robinson  and  William 
II.  Jackson,  and  was  verv  popular  as  lonu"  as  published,  but 
was  short  lived  and  soon  disappeared. 

The  "National  lira"  was  founded  here  bv  D.  W.  and  A.  L. 
Harbison,  devoted  to  the  principles  of  the  1'opulist  party. 
l)iit  with  the  passing  of  that,  parlv  it  lost  its  prestige  although 
1 1  -  [in  ill  icat  ion  is  stil  1  cont  inued. 

The  "l\iid\  Cdimtv  Democrat""  was  started  bv  Allen  Camp- 
bell. It  was  originally  started  in  Monroe  City,  but  was  sub- 
sefjiieiitlv  removed  to  this  place  and  its  publication  continued 
here  for  several  years  bv  Mr.  Campbell.  It  was  a  weekly 
paper  and  sinm^'lv  advocated  the  free  coinage  of  silver.  Mr. 
Campbell  -old  tlie  paper  to  Frank  Si^nor  and  the  paper  was 
published  bv  him  for  some  time.  lie  linallv  sold  it  to  its 
present  proprietor-.  Chancellor  and  Comfort.  Its  publication 
is  still  coiiiimied  and  it  i-  Democratic  in  politic-. 

The  "Ladies"  Home  Ideal"  i-  a  monthlv  periodical  pub- 
lished by  Thomas  II.  Adam-,  h  was  started  a  few  veai's  ago 
and  it.-  publication  is  -till  continued.  It  is  especially  de- 
signed to  advertise  and  promote  ihe  sale  of  patent  medicines, 
of  which  M  r.  Adam-  i-  proprietor. 

'  he  "\  inceiiiie-  (  apital  i-  the  hist  i)e\v-p;i  per  venture  in 
Vinccnties.  It  has  rapidly  worked  its  wav  to  the  front  and 


!>•_'  A    lli>T"KY    "K    \'IM  KNM:>. 

ahli"U:_:li  vounir  in  year?,  is  nmv  regarded  as  I  he-  peer  of  any 
paper  published  in  Yineeiiiies.  h  is  I'litorjU'isin^  and  strives 
in  irive  iis  patrons  the  latrsi.  news  and  in  tins  is  suerosst'iil. 

Jl  i~  ahvavs  ah\'f  in  ilic  l^'st  intcivsts  o|'  \  incciincs  aiul  i- 
f\rr  planning  and  su^'^'i'stin^  means  to  ad\aiirr  the  eity  and 
help  1'iiild  it  up.  ll  pnlili-ln's  imili  a  \veeklv  ami  dail\"  eili- 
tion.  If  is  aMv  eilitrd  and  is  stron.u'lv  in  the  interest  <*f  le-- 
jmi'liean  jirinciple-  ;iiid  men. 


CHAPTER  XT. 
ANTIQUITIES, 

Yincenncs  is  rich  in  material,  of  historic  interest.  There 
centre  around  her  memories  oL'  a  past,  extending  beyond  the 
recollections  of  the  living,  and  reaching  farther  and  iYinh'T 
backward  lill  ilii'v  gradual!  v  fade  away  and  arc  Io>t  and 
.-hrouded  in  the  .inisis  of  conjeetuie.  Tlie  date  when  the  sue 
i>f  \  incennes  was  jir.-t  visited  by  civili/ed  man  cannot  !)•  <_h - 
termined  with  precision  at  ibis  time,  and  pi'obabjv  never  can 
be.  But  it,  was  in  all  probability  as  earlv  as  the  year  .l.<>'i!>. 
This  is  imr  mere  speculation,  but  can  be  reasoned  out  a-  a 
necessary  S'/rpuiur  by  eoni|i,u'i-oii  with  the  happening  of  well 
known  and  authentic  occurrences;.  J>ancr<>ft.  in  his  histoi  \~ 
of  the  I'liiteil  State-.  say>.  "That  no  bar.  no  lake,  no  river,  no 
mountain  in  all  th.'  vast  expanse  of  this  continent  has  ever 
vet  been  visited  bv  anv  explorer  but  that  a  .le-uit  missionary 
had  been  there  before  him."  It  is  a  well  known  and  admitted 
fact  that  the  early  .lestiit  mir-sionaries  in  thu  .Northwest  \veie 
actuated  bv  jio  love  of  ^ain.  l»ut  for  the  sole  purpose  of  dis- 
coverv  and  the  conversion  of  the  Indian  tribe's  to  (  hristianity. 
To  accomplish  this  ihev  travei'sed  the  \'a>t  wilderness  of  the 
Northwest,  visiting  the  Indians  in  their  villages  throughout 
the  va^L  country  bordering  on  the  great  lakes,  the  Mississippi, 
the  Illinois  and  the  \Yabash  .llivers.  Jac(|Ues  Mai'iiuelte  was 
one  of  the  nio-t  celebrated  and  intrepid  of  the>e  missionaries. 
He  visited,  all  parts  of  the  X'ortlr.vest.  He  cireumiuivigated 
Lake  Superior,  the  largest  and  most  westerly  of  the  great 
lakes,  and  with  .lolici  sailed  down  ihe  jlississippi  river  and  i> 
well  known  to  have  been  in  the  \Yabash  country.  r>i.-h"p 
.Brute  in  hi>  \\'i'it  in.^'s.  says.  "That  the  St.  Joseph  portage  was 


*:-l  A     Hl-Ti>KY    "F     N'lNi    K\NK>. 

u-ed  liy  Faihcr  Mari|iiette  ]nn--  hcfmv  I  .a  Salic  and  llcinicpin 
passed  ihrniiidi  ihai  portage."  lie  further  savs  thai  "Father 
Marijiietic  and  Allmie/  pa.->ed  ihrmiirh  iliai  portair.'  "ii  their 
\va.v  in  ihr  •(  i  uadiaM-hc'  countrv  snon  after  1'ii'i1'.  Whiii- 
lliere  i-  no  positive  evidence  that  Father  Mai'iiii'Mi  •  was  ever 
.•i  l  the  -lie  nf  \  incelilies.  ve|  r:'a-nnniL;  hv  th"  inductive  |im- 
ee--  \vc  are  hniind  In  conclude  he  \v;is  IHT,'  a-  earlv  a-  liiini. 
Ii  \vmild  lie  unreasonalile  in  suppo.-e  tliai  tin-  indcfati^aliie 
u'nrkt'i'  1'ir  tiie  conversion  of  ihc  Indian-  \vmild  1'iil  to  \i-it 
-n  inijtortaiil  a  ]mint  in  ihc  \\aha-h  V'allcv  as  tin-  \vlien  lie 


in    it-   \  i<-i  n  1 1  v.       I  in-  -i  i '  •   \\  a  -  a    1 .1  \   u'll  '   :'e- 
-,,'••     i'.ir   a]      i  in      |  in       •      i  !'ihi->   ni         .        -.-,,•'•         \\';i .,;-'. 

ii       e|'.         I  1     \\  ;i-    ;'     -a  fc     |i]aec    nf    alnide     fnv    1  !l"lll     i  II    e"ll-  "       • 
-    '     III  I  |n||     -|  lid     I  lie    enlld  11  ]i  ill-     I  heji     c\  |  -;  |  ||  _ 

•  •    ,  •         ,     -li  n'nii  ndi  nv    cniini  i'\ .       I-'IMM     I  lie   ca  ;• 

i'i    en  i      i-ii  r~  1  h  •  •  ill  i  re  cn:i  in  r\    ii          ;      -id,'-  n 

i  .e    \\  .1     ;i  -:       Ii  I  \  ef    \\'i  •}•<•    m\  i  |vi !     \v  1 1  h     \\  ;i ' '  :'     ( : ,  .  :          "•      '     ;      •     • 
••    •  .    •      •      _  •  .      .     ear  i      '    •  _   •    '    .' .  •     ar          •    d     '        i-c-iiet.,. 

I  '    r]    _    i  he-,    :' :   .,  ;i>nn-   I  iie  ei  iiini  r\-   fi-r    mi;  !  i'c  :-  nj 

ri     MI  MI-    frmi     •      '-it     n|    \"i  iiceinie-  \va-  i"  i  ,     I 


A.NTHjriTIKS.  lio 

water  niiiiiv  feet  deep  and  offered  no  suitable  abiding  place 
for  the  Indians.  As  late  as  islii  the  \Vaba-h  and  Kmbarras 
River.-  annuallv  overflowed  their  hanks  and  united  their 
waters,  covering"  the  intervening'  space  of  eight  miles  to  a 
depth  of  seven  or  eight  feet.  And  in  the  same  \vav  hv 
overllow  tlie  \\'liite  River  united  it-  waters  \vith  th:-  \Vahash 
In  the  east  to  a  like  depth.  In  iS'li  the  slei'inhoat  Daniel 

Boone  \vas  carried  hv  the  force  of  th/  overflow  current  a  short 
distance  ahove  Vim-emits  from  the  chann-1  of  the  \\"al»ash 
liiver  out  into  tlie  prairie  for  over  a  mile,  and  wa>  onlv  re- 
turned to  tin-  river  with  diffi.ei.ilty.  And  in  the  same  vear  the 
t  niied  States  mail  \vas  carried  from  \  incennes  over  the  over- 
flowed prairies  on  the  Illinois  side  to  the  high  ground  on  the 
Kmbarras  .River  at  Lawreneeville.  And  this  \vas  not  an  un- 
u-iial  or  singular  oeeuiTenee,  hut  happened  frequent  1  v. 
until  tile  eountrv  was  protected  hv  levies.  These  conditions 
made  tiie  site  of  \  incennes  a.  resort  and  place  o.l'  ahode  for  the 
Indian.-,  as  it  \vas  a  1  \vavs  on  high  ground  above  the  reach  of 
anv  flood.  It  was  here  tliev  had  their  permanent  village  and 
lields  which  were  .-till  visible  when  the  white  settlers  came  to 
the  place.  It  was  here  they  had  their  council  houses  and 
where  all  the  surrounding  tribes  assembled  manv  times  dur- 
ing the  vear  when  thev  returned  from  the  eha-e  or  loruge. 
And  such  a  place,  where  so  manv  of  the  Indians  could  he 
ea.-ilv  found,  it  is  contrarv  to  rea>on  to  suppo.-e  that  su-.-h  a 
X(.-alous  missionary  as  l-'ather  .\Ian[iieiie  would  f.nl  to  visit 
when  he  was  in  the  \\'aha>h  eountrv. 

F  wish  to  locale  I'ailuT  MarijUette  at  the  site  o|'  \  incenius, 
a>  il  will  li\  the  pro  ha  hie  ilate  of  his  visit.  It  is  uvll  knowii 
that  he  left  ihe.IeMiit  mi--ioii  ai  l\aska>kia  a  >ick  and  worn- 
out  man  in  conxMjiieiice  of  his  labors  and  exposure,  to  reiurn 
to  S|.  Ignaee.  a  fe\\p  da\-  after  Krister.  I  I'M.").  ()n  llii-.  li;s 
linal  trip,  he  travelled  h\-  \v,iv  of  the  Si.  .Joseph  portage,  lie 
died  Ala y  1  >.  1  (>1 .").  ascend  MILT  the  easlern  shore  of  Lake  M  u  h- 


»'>''  A      1I:-T»KY     ill-'     V  IM   KNNK-. 

iiran.  mi'!  \\a-  buried  in  the  sands  of  the  lake  shore  before  he 

readied  hi-  ilr-t  iiiiit  inn.  Therefore  he  mu-t  have  visited  th^ 
.-itf  of  yineeniies.  if  at  all.  prior  in  Itil-'i.  and  in  all  proba- 
bility about  n;r,n.  I  have  endeavored  to  locate  Father  Mar- 
quctte  heiv.  a.-  lie  i-  a  well-known  historic  character. 

However  it  inav  lie  whether  Father  Marqucttc  was  ever  at 
tlie  site  of  Viiicennes.  it  is  certain  bevmid  a  reasonable 
doubt  t!iat  some  Jc-uit  in  i-.-iona  rv  had  been  here  prior  to 
lion.  'riic\-  had  accomplished  wonderful  results  in  convert- 
ing the  Indian-  thai  inhabited  the  country  about  the  pre,~eiit 
site  of  Vinceiiiies.  The  record.-  of  St.  Francis  Xavier  ( 'huivn, 
a>  [H'eserved  (I  Use  the  words  "as  preserved  '  a-  Ilishop  Unite 

Used    them    \\llene\er    lie    refel'red     to    I  llcSe    records)     sllo\v    fl'om 

April.  K  1'.'.  for  half  a  eeniury  after  the  greater  part  of  the 
entries  of  bapii-m-.  niarriau'es  and  funeral-  were  of  Indian 
converts.  This  vast  number  of  .Indian  converts  to  the  faith 
as  evidenced  by  tliex  records  as  preserved  show  thai  the  work 
of  the  missionaries,  while  fruitful  of  ii'ood.  was  not  the  w»ix 
of  <i  dav  or  month.  Uit  of  manv  veaiv-.  Thii  untamed  sava_:v- 
of  the  forest  could  not  be  converted  to  Christianity  at  short 
notice.  The  labors  of  the  missionaries  were  not  onl\  slow, 
but  dangerous.  In  this  connect  ion  .lud^e  I.a\\  in  his  address 
delivered  on  I-'ebruan  '!''.  !>">>.  says: 

"I  i    wa.-   mn   only   toil   nf  hiin.u'er  and   cob!    thai    the  .1.  • 
missionaries  of  the  eros-   were   called   up"i)    to    endure, 
manv.   vei-v   manv   \\ere  toinaliawkrd.  or  what    was   lar  wor.-i', 
burned  at   :,:•  -take.     \d  snonrr  was  it   known  thai  then-  prr- 

'  ii  ••< ••-  erisln-i     at    l  he  -ta  ke  ..r  bv   the  seal  pin.i;   kni  i'e 

ihan  new  recruit-  ollVivd  their  -ci'\  n-.-  to  I'd!  their  pla.c,  -. 
I::  t'-tct  a  mi-si  oil  anidi^  the  Indian-  wa-  a  a  bur  of  o\  to 

,  .,.  heralds  n  ro-.-." 

l-'ri'in   the  -tatemeiit-  a   ri   nl      made   i ;   se-m-  idea  r  thai    t  lie 

-iti      of     Vincelllle-     ''  el]     \   |-il    'd      !i\'     \\'\  \  \\"     H|c||     loll-     befo!  e 

!"""i.  ain       rob;          .  a-   1 1'l'in.      I'.;;i    ihe-i    \  i-ii-  ol 


AXTHH'ITIES. 


pose  of  spreading  the  true  faith  among  flu-  Indian  iribr,-. 
Ami  these  earlv  visits  cannot  be  referred  to  as  the  dale  of  the 
actual  founding  and  permanent  settlement  of  Yincemies. 
!>iii  i lion.1  are  otliri1  evidences  more  tangible  and  reliable  lhat 
will  throw  iniidi  light  mi  ihr  suhject  to  whmh  J  shall  now 
refer,  and  which  fixes  the  true  date  of  its  founding  about 
1  ;00, 

When  ilic  I n  1'ana  Tcrriiory  \\"as  organized  in  isOn  and  tlic 
capilai  D|'  ilic  'l'crritni-\'  lived  at  \  niceniics,  it  at  once  became 
a  centre  of  interesi  and  attracted  the  cream  ol!  the  eiier^et  i<  . 
a.-piring  aii'l  cultivatod  men  fn>m  all  ilie  oldei1  States  o!'  the 

1*111.011.       \'llleel!|]e>    was   a    ] 'fOlll  i  llellt    ])nini    ill    tlic   West    before 

IMIH.  and  maii\'  eminent  men  cam1  and  settled  here  as  early 
as  llM).  l',ut  tlie  organixat  ion  o.f  tin-  territory  gave  t'resli  ini- 
|ud-e  and  prominence  io  the  plaet,-  and  greatly  accelerated  its 
increase  in  noiralation  and  wealth,  .lolin  La\\.  Mlibu  Stout. 

1        .J 

.liihn  Kwing  and  Samuel  -Indali  and  other  prominent  citixens 
\\'ho  came  and  located  here  between  1800  and  IS\MI  ass-rted 
that  the  population  of  the  place  bv  1S'20  was  as  great  a.-  it  is 
today,  .lint  tin;  loss  of  the  capital  and  ihe  dreadful  cpidi'inic 
of  !>'jn  that  vi>it<-d  the  place  thai  year  discotiragod  and  terri- 
lied  the  citi/eii-  and  depopulated  the  place,  and  J'or  venrs  re- 
tarded its  growth. 

The  inanv  educated  and  dist ingitislied  men  who  came  and 
located  at  VinecniH'S  when  the  lerritorv  was  organi/ed.  look 
a  deep  iiitei'es.t  in  everything  calculated  to  promote  and  ad- 
vance the  pro>penl\'  of  tlie  place.  lu  the  earlv  davs  of  the 
territorial  government,  ami  before  iso'.i.  thev  procured  the 
pa»age  bv  the  territorial  legislature  of  manv  incorporat  ion> 
with  this  object  in  view.  Among  ib;->e  incorporalioi^  I  \\ill 
enumerate  the  following  three;  The  \  iiicennes  I  niversilv, 
Tlie  \  incemies  Librar1/.  and  Tlie  \  ineeiin.'s  I !  istoneal  and 


\      I  I  I-  T'  i|;y     i  IK     V  I  NCKNNK: 


Antii[U;irinn  Society.  The  ohject  of  the  la-i  named  ci.rp  n  ,i- 
lioii.  a-  il-  iianir  implies.  \\a-  I"  invest  i^e  ami  e-taUi-h  au- 
thentic evidence  coiicerninir  the  early  historv  of  ihr  place. 
A  moil--  i  he  man  v  ilisl  iiiinii>lir<l  men  \\  lio  were  nieiuhers  of.  l  he 
\  niceiines  1 1  i>i<  M'lca  1  and  A  lit  iijiiana  n  Sonets  I  will  eiium>  r- 
ate  tin-  ft  il  lowing :  \\ilham  Ik'iirv  llarri>on.  John  (iilu-on. 
Waller  Taylor.  Nathaniel  Kwinjr.  .lulin  r»a.loi|(-i.  Klihu 
Stout,  Moses  Talihs.  Isaac  lilaekfoni.  Tlu.nia.-  Usui.lc.lpii. 
.lohn  Law.  .Inhii  Kwiii--.  [ieiijaniin  1'arke.  (n-o)^-,,  UH.IOV,., 
('lark:  >u  1 !  i\  an.  Sainiii'l  .linlah  and  maiiv  oiheis  ei|iiall\'  di>- 
1  inu'iii^hcd.  .\carl\-  all  of  these  di>t  inirui>iied  m.'ii  i-aine  here 
aliour  tlie  vear  IMHI.  Thev  found  \\heii  thev  ranie  old  set- 
tlers \vlio  had  heen  connected  with  the  place  for  periods  raii^'- 
in^'  from  i\\  cm  \'-tl\e  to  >eventv-li\e  vears  hcfoiv  IMHI.  Aim 

these  old  people  had  knowledge  of  the  place  from  those  \vllo 
had  heel)  living  here  hefo|-e  them  I'Xti- IK  1  i  MjT  hack  to  a  period 
prior  In  nilll.  AlllollU  tile-;'  old  people  1  \V  I  1  !  I'll  11  IIHTa  t  e 

(•'raiicis  \"\'^n  Laurent  lia/.adone.  An^dni'  l»urdalo\v.  I'aul 
(lam  din.  John  1,'ice  .I,,n.-s  and  (ieiieral  \V.  .InhiiH.n. 

''He  of  the  !ir>i  suhjects  that  occupied  the  attention  of  the 
\  iiiceiitio  lli.-toi'ieal  and  Ant  iipia  nan  Soeietv  \\as  li  \IIIL:'  tin' 
dat<'  when  Vmceime.-  was  >eiileil  hy  the  l-'reiidi.  r.et'oi'e  l>-.'it 

the   date    of     the    M'ttlellielll     of     \    ineelllles     h  V     tlli'     I'l'dlch     Was 

fixed    iiv    the    \iiiceiine-    Ili-iorical    and    A  nl  pnia  nan    Soeietv 
at  the  year  liixi.      I  lere  t  h.-  matter  ipiieil  v  re- ted  until  t  he  ad- 
veiit    of    |ji,-liu|i    Unite   iii    1>:!1.      Me    found    in    the  chutv 
hrarv   coniieeied    v.  1 1  h    St.     hranei-     \a\ier     church    re^i-t^r- 
and    man      manu.-cnpl    dociimcui--    \vhich    had    h 'en    neglected. 

a-  i ne  had  hel'ore  him  lie'ii   inclined   t"  hum   the  midnight 

ml  111  ookn  -  ilteiii  over,  pai;e  hv  |iaii'e.  the  oiih  svav  to  oh- 
tam  the  valuable  hi.-toric  informal  ion  thev  contained,  as  thev 

Uefe      |  pi]      ilide\ed.     I  ill  I      a     collfllM'd      !li;l--.          1'iUI       1>  1  -  i  I  o  p      lil'lile 

did     this.       lie     furni-lied     the    puiilie.     from     time    to    time. 
the   column-   of   the    (!,>/,,•,/    >'////    ne\\ -M;I  i> -r   the    iv- 


suits  of  ihi>  investigation.  II.-  was  a  studious,  careful  ami 
t  ruth t'ul  man.  and  made  no  statement  unless  fullv  sustained 
by  aut  liorit  v  in  making  it.  and  \vliich  can  IK'  relied  on  as  cor 
rect.  lie  slated  thai  lie  had  found  evidence  in  llie  church 
record-  lieiv  and  in  the  records  of  the  Mission  of  Sv.  Louis  of 
I'eona.  and  llie  ('liurdi  of  the  .1  iniiiaculate  ( 'oiieept  ion  of 
the  \  irgin  Marv  at  Kaskaskia.  Illinois,  and  the  recorder's 
ollice  there,  ihat  hoih  the  town  of  \"in:-eniies  (not  then  known 
hy  that  name),  and  the  Church  of  St.  Francis  Xavicr  here 
\veiv  hotli  in.  existence  as  earlv  as  K'>S,  and.  perhaps  earlier. 
And  in  out-  of  his  last  communications  published  in  the 
U'r.s'/r/-//  >'////  he  says  he  will  conliniie  the  search,  and  if  any- 
thing additional  is  found  indicating  an  earlier  date  lie  will 
communicate  it  to  the  public.  .But  his  investigations  were, 
mi  fort  unaielv  terminated  bv  his  death  in  .)uiiii.  JSoii.  In 
iliis  connection  I  will  remark  thai  in  ls:>r>  Bishop  Brute,  to 
familiarize,  himself  with  the  wants  of  his  hnniens;?  diocese, 
embracing  all  of  Indiana  and  Illinois,  made  a  pastoral  visit- 
in  person,  travelling  on  horsehack.  to  all  the  missionarv  sta- 
tions in  that.  vast  territory  and  carefully  examined  the  church 
records  thev  contained,  lie  made  a  detailed  report  of  this 
pastoral  visit  through  his  diocese  in  his  o\vn  happv  manner 
to  the  Leiipoldine  Association  in  I4" ranee  in  return  for  assist- 
ance lent  him  to  huild  up  his  diocese,  a  great  part  of  which 
report  is  inserted  in  Father  Allerding's  (now  hishop  of  Fort 
\\~a\-nc.  Indiana)  lli>tor\  of  the  Diocese  of  \iiiceniies. 

The  communications  of  Bishop  .Brute  on  the  suhject  of  the 
early  settlement  of  Yincenncs  published  in  the  \\'rs(t*rn  Sun 
ri'\i\cd  interesi  in  the  (jiiolion  and  tlu:  \"inceniie>  Historical 
and  Ant  iipiarian  Society  again  considered  it.  John  Law.  at 
the  iv<|tiest  of  this  societv,  delixcred  liis  celebrated  address  on 
February  'I'*.  IS.'l'.i.  when  the  ([iiestion  was  under  discussion 
by  this  society  for  the  .-econd  time.  I'pon  thi>  reconsidera- 
tion that  society  before  Is  ID.  -ettled  upon  his:1)  as  the  date 


"!'   the    -rUll'llH'lll     "I'    \'  I  Mr.  •  '  1  !  |i  -    1  i\     |hr     FlVllril.        Ti  1  I  .-    i  1  -ri  -  i<  ill 
'    '     that     S'H-U'ty    \Va-    p-llrralK     arirj'lrd     li\     [ilr    ritiXi'llS    III'     Vlll- 

•  r-  a-  run<dii-!\  r  iif  ilii-  i|ii!'-t  i«n.  and  it  lii-i-iiiiii1  a  i-unmiuu 
-;  •'  _.  a-  I  uvi  n  -i  MI  -in  I  H  r.  a  iii  I  as  inanv  nld  riti/riis  nf  Vin- 
'•••nnr-  i!u\\  living  ;il>o  ri'iiH-iiil'iM1,  tliai  Vim-finn-*  «••'-•  >v///,  ,1 
/•<•  //  <//•  iif/i-r  I'ii  il'ii/:!  //it  m.  li  is  \vi-l!  kiHiu'ii  a-  a  liisinric 
i'ai-t  liiai  I  Mi  i  iaiii-1  |>li  la  \va.~  x'tllrd  in  l'i>''. 

\\crc  llioc  iiii-n  iiinlilinl  ainl  ciiinrii'ti!   to  rxainiiH1.  aiiju- 


iln-  ijiic-i  imi  :     I;   i~  suiv  tn.'v  \vri'i    I'.n 

n'lli'i1   ijiiiililii'il    thai     ;  n-r-i  MI-    :  :  \  '  ::  _•    ai    a   ili-taiir"   \vlii  >  h,iv>- 
[li-n   iijiuii   and   i'\|>r«  >sn|   n  liniuii-  a.-   tn  i\\<-   \.v\\<-  ilatc  uf 

:      r    -  Ml  li'llli'l!  I      111'      \    !  llcrll  IK--.         '.1'n     lllllMniti1     'ill-      I      \V  !  1  I     Olll\" 

I'l'i'i-i'  in  ihi'fi'  ]i!c!ii!n'i>  iif  the  Vim-i'iiiic.-  1  1  ismriral  :iii-l  An- 
liijiiarian  Sm-iciv.  and  the  ]H'ciiliai'  ojipnrtunitii'.-  ihrv  JIDS- 
-<  ~-i'd  "i'  lAaiiniiiiiLi"  am!  |ia--inu'  ;i  ivliaU  •  jiidu'iin.'nt  ii|inn  th«' 

i-tiull.        Tlir-r    llll'rr    Illi-lll  !  icl>    ;U'f     Xalllilllii'l     I'lwill^.    -Inhll 

liadolii'i   and    Klilm   Stuin.     'I'lir  t\vn  lir-i   i-anif  i"   \'in  •fiin.'.- 

ii!n  ii-t   \vitli  ill'1  advi'in  o|'  ihr  t'-rriturial  ii'i'Vi'i'Miiicin   in   lxlln. 

'I'lii'  lir-i   ;i-   ri'iM-ivi-r  "i'  jiulilii    munir-.  and   ill  •  SJM-.IIII|  a.-  ill. 

ri'-'i-ti'i-  of  tin'   I'tiiii-d   Siah-  hind  nilic,.  in   ilu~  land  di-l  rirt. 

Ti  ••  ihin      ;      r  a   littli    lab-r   in   th  •  -jirin-'  -f    }^t>1:.     '\'\\<'\ 
:;  .   iiiin-r-  "f  thai    >•  "-ifi  \    a  i  d    tuuk   an  ;ii-t  i\  <•   p;i  ri    in 

•'  .•  i'lir-,-n--iiii!   'ii'  t!ir  ijUi-ii<>n.      MI-S!>.    |-".\vin^  a;id    lia'  n 

•  '  i  •   i  i  •  n  -i  !-    i  niid  h    '    .          uf   ;in\    ul'   till'   :ii  ilr    iii''!!    \vl    ' 
[n   V   •    i-nn<-  in   li-rrit'Tia  !  da  \  -.     Tli''\    all   h  >  -aird   lirri 

•   .   •    •          .  i  '   >  •'•    .        ']   ','         ;,         jiu-- 

-i-~i        -    ••••.,'•    ,...,'•.-;-,  -    i'i  i|-    i-\an    '!•'_', 
•      -  i  ..        !•  i  it  in-:  -   f  P  mi   i  in       •         '  ••••'     '        :'•"-'  \  - 

rn    en    iji     nn'iii  -.      !•',  Stum   ji     .    -ilr'    '    ••  :'  r-i   •  • 

•      '      •       \  i  il'i        A'i'-t     'I'l'l'l'itnr       ill     i  il  I-  :i    ••  •.    •  -.  i!  •      lii'lH      111      I  ill    .1  11 

.     '  -•  '  .  .  '  1  -    jil      •'  '••;,  '  '    i'       Illlt  !       till'    fa  '       nf     1  ^  !•">, 

..'.-,  .  .  1,1        ,vit  h   t  i 


A.vri<irrriE>.  71 

of  commissioners  appointed  by  the  Federal  Government  to 
examine  and  adjust  land  titles  founded  upon  the  grants  of 
land  to  the  early  French  settlers  from  the  different  com- 
mandants of  the  post  while  the  country  was  under  the  juris- 
diction of  France,  and  which  grants  had  been  secured  to  the 
several  grantees  by  treaty  stipulations  and  acts  of  Congress. 
These  commissioners  held  their  sessions  at  Vincennes  from 
180-1  to  1810,  and  examined  and  passed  upon  these  old  French 
land  grants  reaching  hack  to  the  first  settlement  of  Vincennes 
by  the  French.  And  as  there  was  no  record  or  documentary 
evidence  of  these  old  French  grants,  the  commissioners  were 
• -(impelled  to  hear  oral  testimony  to  establish  them.  This  nec- 
essarily brought  them  in  close  contact  in  their  official  capacity 
with  the  old  French  settlers  who  could  give  testimony  con- 
cerning these  French  land  grants  extending  back  in  many 
cases  to  the  first  settlement  of  Vincennes  by  the  French. 

These  were  the  men  who  took  an  active  part  in  the  discus- 
sion of  the  question  as  to  the  date  of  the  settlement  of  Vin- 
(•cnnes  by  the  French,  and  who  finally  fixed  the  date  of  settle- 
ment at  1683.  Messrs  Ewing  and  Badollet  were  perhaps  bet- 
ter qualified  to  determine  this  question  than  any  other  per- 
-ons  from  the  very  nature  of  their  employment  in  tracing 
hack  matters  to  the  very  beginning.  Is  not  more  reliance  and 
confidence  due  and  should  be  given  in  determining  this  ques- 
tion to  the  opinions  and  conclusions  of  men  who  lived  and 
died  in  Vincennes  and  were  actually  a  part  of  its  history  than 
upon  the  mere  dicta  and  opinions  of  men  who  never  lived 
In 're,  nor  visited  the  place,  or  who  were  her*1  only  for  a  few 
days,  and  with  these  crude  and  imperfect  impressions  thus 
obtained  in  hasty  visits  went  off  and  published  books  purport- 
ing to  give  facts?  Count;  Volney,  the  celebrated  traveller, 
who  was  here  in  1796  for  a  fe\v  days  only,  states  in  the  history 
of  his  travels  that  the  place  was  settled  by  the  French  in  1735. 
I 'avid  Thomas,  who  was  here  at  a  much  later  date,  and  for  a 


A      Ill-rni:1!     UK     Yl\CK\M>. 


few  davs  oiilv.  follow-  in  his  wake  and  irivc-  the  erroneou- 
date  triveii  hy  Count  Yoliu'V.  Monctte,  Flint  and  Scott,  who 
have  all  <riven  an  opinion  on  the  suhject  of  the  date  of  th<- 
-ettlemeiii  of  Ymeeiines  hy  the  French  Wore  iieViM'  here  so  far 
as  I  know,  and  derived  their  information  from  second-limit] 
-ources  upon  which  ih.ev  ha>ed  their  opinions  and  conclusion;?. 
John  I!.  IMllon.  who  puhli-hed  a  hook  purporting  to  he  a  hi-- 
tory  <>f  Indiana,  on  the  question  of  the  date  of  the  settlement 
•  if  A'incemies  hv  the  French,  cannot  he  regarded  as  any  au- 
thority on  the  suhject'.  against  tlie  combined  opinions  of  such 
men  as  I  liave  referred  to. 

It  is  matter  of  sincere  rejrrcl  thai  the  \'inceiine>  Historical 
and  Ant  iipia  rian  Society  was  iiei'iiiitted  to  perish  for  \vani  of 
appreciation  and  .-upport.  'Fhe  valnalile  collection  of  im- 
portant ])hvsical  specimens  contained  in  its  museum,  and  ii.- 
dociiments  and  records  were  sntTered  to  he  carried  oil'  and, 
-(•altered,  and  are  noi  now  for  the  u'reater  part  in  existence, 
or  at  lea-t  a  re  not  acces.-ihle  to  the  pnhl  ic. 

liill  tlicre  arc  oilier  evidence.-  lieariiii:  Oil  the  silhjecl  of  t!i.- 
dale  of  ihe  -etlli'ineni  of  Vincelines  hv  tlic  I''rench  to  which.  1 
will  now  refer.  It  i.-  recordeil  in  the  (^iiehec  annals  th.it 
I-'raiieois  Moi'^anne  de  Vincciine.  an  oHiccr  in  the  service  of 
the  Kini:'  of  FraniT.  wa-  i-nmiiiissioiu'd  for  the  purpose  an>! 
-tailed  from  hetrnit  in  the  earl  \-  sprmir  of  lln-.'  \viih  Frencii 
troop-  HI  Imild  three  forts.  One  \va-  to  he  hiiiii  at  the  jiin--- 
of  tli'-  Si.  Marv's  and  Si.  .Joseph  river-,  where  they  form 
ll  e  Maiimo"  river,  where  the  city  of  V«\-\  \Va\ne  now  stand:-. 
The  -ccond  wa-  to  he  I  mill  mi  the  \\'aha-h  i-i\i-r  on  the  Wee,. 
-.  ; t  s-'Ven  mile-  In-low  the  site  of  ihe  piv-ciit  eit\'  of 

Laf.iyelte.    'Die    lllird    U;|-    to    iie    li|li|l     o)|     the    '•('(, |]JMe    ^f;|  \ ',  i ;  - .  " 

•  \\  aha-h  riser,  the  -  ie  of  ihe  presi  nt  citv  of  Vinceniie-. 
I  "  i^uehoe  ainial-  a!.-o  -late  that  he  cam.-  to  this  place  01 
':;;ii  '--'  .  and  act  nail;  huih  :i  fort  in  the  fall  of  1  ;  ()•>.  \  I 
'  •  -  '  '  to  i  als  h  a  Jesuit  uiis-i"ii- 


ANTIQUITIES.  78 

arv.  who  offered  up  the  Liolv  Sacrifice  of  the  mass  on  the  bank 
of  the  AVabash  ri.ver  in  the  open  air  near  where  the  fort  was  to 
be  bnilt  in  the  presence  of  the  troops  who  came  to  build  the 
fort  ami  many  Indians.  It'  the  Quebec  annals  are  reliable 
and  satisfactory  authority  then  the  evidence  of  the  actual 
founding  of  Yincennes  may  be  regarded  as  conclusive. 

But  it  lias  been  claimed  by  some,  on  what  authority  I  do 
not  know,  that  the  Quebec  annals  are  not  in  all  cases  accurate 
and  reliable  in  fixing  the  dates  of  the  happening  of  events. 
'I'b is  may  be  true  in  some  eases,  especially  concerning  some  of 
the  .Tesuit  missions  in  the  wilderness  of  the  West.  This  in- 
accuracy in  some  instances  results  from  the  fact  that  many  of 
these  missions  were  2, ."500  miles  distant  from  the  place  where 
the  annals  wen1  compiled  and  published.  This  inaccuracy 
results  also,  if  there  is  found  any  inaccuracy  which  I  do  not 
admit  from  the  great  distance  of  some  of  the  missions  from 
Quebec  where  they  were  published,  the  uncertain  and  difficult 
mode  of  communication  between  them  arid  the  lapse  of  time 
after  the  happening  of  the1  events  related  and  their  communi- 
cation to  the  mother  house  of  the  Jesuit  order  and  before  the 
information  was  received  and  the  record  made  and  published. 
But  in  no  instance  can  it  be  shown  that  the  events  related  did 
not  actually  happen  and  the  date  assigned.,  if  inaccurate  in  anv 
case  which  I  deny,  is  more  apt  to  be  too  recent  rather  than  too 
remote.  The  Quebec  annals  state  that  the  French  came  here 
in  KO'2  and  built  a  fort,  which  actually  remained  standing  to 
a  period  within  the  recollection  of  persons  living  in  Yincenncs 
at  the  present  time.  If  it  cannot  be  shown  that  this  fact  re- 
cited in  the  Queltec  annals  is  not  correct  then  I  hold  the  Que- 
bec annals  should  definitely  settle  the  question  if  there  is  any 
question  about  the  matter. 

The  writer  has  not  personally  inspected  the  Quebec  annals 
and  makes  the  above  statement  of  their  contents  on  the  au- 
thority of  Bishop  Brute,  Bishop  Ilailandiere,  Father  Aller- 


71 

dim:  in  his  history  anil   rMmuml  Mallet  of  the  Can-oil   Insti- 
tute at  Washington  City.  \).  (  . 

AYhat  are  the  Quebec  annals ':  They  comprise  "'2  volumes, 
printed  by  the  de-nit  Fathers  at  Quebec,  containing  the  rela- 
tion-; and  transactions  of  the  Jesuit  mi-sionaries  in  the  dif- 
ferent missions  of  the  de-nit  ordrr  in  tlie  Xorthwesi.  They 
eoinincncc  in  tlie  year  Itllo  and  continue  to  the  year  17su. 
n  the  Jesnil  order  was  suppressed.  U'hey  are  either  in  the 
I-'renrh.  Latin  oi1  Italian  languages  according  to  the  national- 
ity  of  the  ]nis-ionar\'  whn  wrote  tlvMii.  T \ventv  of  these  vol- 
umes are  now  in  the  liKrarx  connected  with  Si.  Franci> 
Xavier  ('luin-h  of  th.is  city.  liui  unfortunately  they  do  not 
[TO  hack  to  the  date  o.f  the  settlement  of  Vincennes.  Tliea1 
:ls  were  not  until  very  recent lv  within  reach  of  the  gen- 
eral student.  It  is  certain  these  annals  contain  the  most  rc- 
lial'le  liistoi'ii-  information  concerning  discoveries  and  settle- 
is  in  the  Xorihwesl  '1'ei  I'ifoi-v.  So  important  is  the  hi-- 
Lorieai  kno\\-li.-'ige  containeii  in  these  annals  that  the  ITi-ior- 
k-al  Society  of  Wisconsin  whieh  ha-  done  so  mueii  to  deter- 
ic  historic  e\i.'in=  in  the  \\~est  when  the  celebrated  historian. 
T.yman  (.'.  J)rai>er.  was  seci-i  tarv  of  that  socictv  determined  in 
lv!'l  10  have  the  HII -ii.-,-  annals  translated  and  published  in 
ihe  1-jiglish  language.  This  hereiileaii  task  was  immediately 

it    force   of   translator.-   and   pro-e- 


infnrmation    contained    in    ihe    annals    brought    within 

of  tlie  gene.ral  studeni.     'I'lie  writer  endeavored  to  pm- 

.1   r-opv  of  j]ii-  tran-laiion   eov<-ring  the1    period  of    ihe 

i  nf  ViiH-i-nnes,  bill  could  not  procure  them,  a.- 

1     \oliiniPs  would  be  sold,  but  the  entire  set  musi   be 

1  .     An  ciToi-i  was  then  made  to  have  those  important  V()'- 

s  purchased  and   placed   in  The 


works  of  fiction  of  no  real  value.  This  action  was  akin  to 
that  want  of  foresight  which  permitted  the  Harrison  mansion 
10  pass  into  private  hands  instead  of  being  purchased  for  a, 
public  museum  and  library  for  the  use  of  the  city,  as  it  was 
from  ]SV?  to  IS-0)'-?,  when  occupied  by  John  Cleves  Symmes 
Harrison,  a  son  of  General  Harrison. 

The  work  of  translating  and  publishing  in  the  English  lan- 
guage has  just  been  completed.  The  English  edition  was 
published  by  Burrows  Bros.,  publishers  of  Cleveland,  0..  un- 
der the  title  of  "The  Jesuit  Delations  and  Allied  Documents 
Containing  the  Travels  and  Explorations  of  the  Jesuit  Mis- 
sionaries in  Xew  France  from  1(5.10  to  17!)  .1."  The  work  is 
edited  by  1'eubeii  Gold  Thwaites,  the  present  secretary  of  the 
Wisconsin  Historical  Society.  In  the  conclusion  of  the  7"?nd 
and  last  volume  he  writes  as  follows: 

"The  editors  decided  to  go  to  the  sources  never  depending 
on  a  printed  version  when  ever  the  original  manuscript  could 
be  obtained,  thereby  elminating  so  far  as  might  be  the  changes 
introduced  by  such  earlier  copyists  and.  reprinters  as  had 
taken  more  or  less  liberties  with  the  text.  Approaching  the 
task  with  no  conscious  prejudices  of  race  or  religion,  it  has 
been  the  sole  desire  of  the  editor  impartial]}'  to  collect,  pre- 
serve and  annotate  the  great  body  of  documents  having  so  im- 
portant a  bearing  upon  the  foundations  of  American  history/1 

The  'i-Jnd  and  lasi  volume  of  these  relations  has  just  been 
issued  from  the  press  of  Burrows  Bros.,  of  Cleveland,  ()..  the 
present  year. 

Bui  there  are  other  and  abundant  evidence  of  equal  au- 
thenticity and  credibility  upon  the  subject  of  the  sett  lenient 
of  Vincennes  by  the  .French  to  which  I  will  now  refer.  There 
is  abundant  and  conclusive  evidence  in  the  writings  of  Bishop 
Brute  that  the  French  built  a  fort  and  made  a  permanent  set- 
tlement here  about  the  beginning  of  the  vear  1700.  In  a 


communication  pni>li-hed  in  ihe  \Yisl,'rn  >'////  newspaper  of 
S;minl;iy.  April  '.';.  IS1.'.),  he  stales: 

"\Yo  lind  ili.-ii  Father  .lohn  Mennet  came  from  ^hiehec  to 
Sr.  Louis  (if  IVoria  in  KI>>  on  his  wav  to  ihe  pc>M  on  lh<- 
•i  htahasche."  " 

Tlu-  !Mis-ion  of  Si.  Louis  of  IVoria  referred  to  hv  the 
rd.-hop  was  situated  on  what  \vas  then  called  Lakv  IVoria. 
hut  which  in  fad  was  only  an  c.\]ian-ion  of  tlir  lliinojs  UixiM1 
M'lu'i-c  ilio  citv  of  Pi'oi'ia  in  Iliinoi-.  is  now  located.  This  was 
one  o|  tlir  .Irsnit  missionary  ,-iations  \vliirh  l>ishop  Ignite  vis- 
it oil  and  examined  it-  ehnivh  record-  on  his  pastoral  vi>it  in 
1  xo-"i.  'J'his  l-'ailie]-  Alerniet  is  no  mvih.  Uit  on  the  contrary  a 
Well-known  hi>iorir  character.  He  remained  at  thi>  jilace  a> 
issionni'y  pries!  from  the  lime  he  ramc  in  1T^>  until  the 
latter  part  of  Novrmlirr.  111'?,  whet!  he  rt-inriied  to  l\a-- 
kaskai.  \\here  h"  remained  nntii  liis  death  in  17'2>.  and  wa- 
d  there  in  the  rhuivh  of  the  Inunaculaie  Conception. 
Ifeld't  wi'il  in^'s  wliidi  |>i>hop  Unite  ]ier~onali\'  inspectnl  on 
his  \i-it  to  Ka-ka.-kia  in  !>.')*).  and  which  conclusively  i-how 
lha:  i-'aiher  AFcrmci  \\-a-  IIMV  in  Kit^.  From  hi-  wriiini:.- 
l'i>huji  Unite  made  an  cxtracl  which  he  pnl>Ii>hcd  in  ;,;ie 
II"'  -.•'''/•//  >'////  of  Saturday.  April  '!', .  is:!'.*,  as  follow.-: 

"A      .     idi  mic   ilcsolatdl    the   villa-v   in    1  Il)>.  and    the    In- 

Th«-y  oriliTi-t]  a  Lnvat  sacrifice  of  theii-  do^-.      Foriv 
•-'•  piii,i'  animal-,  innocent   a-  thcv  were  i.f  the  can-i    o 

' h"  •  't'ldi 'iiuc.  to  -aii-l'\    iheir   manilo-'s.  w<M'e   immolated   ;:nd 

;  '  "  ilc-    iii    a    solemn     procession     ai'oiind     the     fi >ri . 

/•  .         .'"ii   ca n    in    mind,   i  he  \vret cheil    prorc-sion   on  on.- 

"H    i'.v    the-  •    fanatical   jii-.u'ler.-.   and    the   irax-  of   th.- 

"  otlii-i-r-.  of  ili..  •  raders  nnd  Ihe  \vl  o],    •-,,  m . 

-'    ai  that  lime  li-teiiim:  to  the  In  id  appeals 
of  :],..    [n-]:an-.- 

T1  delicc    of     Father     \I,   ni   ,   ;     -h, 


ANTIQUITIES.  7, 

rlusivoly  that  tlie  fort  and  village  were  here  in  1708.  It 
Allows  also  that  he  was  the  resident  priest  or  missionary  here 
in  17  OS. 

Bnt  there  is  other  and  very  sufficient  evidence;  to  corrob- 
orate the  statement  of  Father  Mermet.  Father  Gabriel 
Marest,  missionary  of  the  Society  of  Jesus,  stationed  at  Kas- 
:\askai,  from  a  date  as  early  as  1700,  until  long  after  172."). 
'•uiidusively  corroborates  the  fact  that  Father  Mermet  was 
-ent  here  as  a  missionary  some  time  before  111'2.  but  the  pre- 
<-ise  date  when  he  was  sent  is  not  given.  The  Mission  of  the 
Immaculate  Conception  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  at  Kaskaskia. 
I II..  w;is  tlie  principal  mission  and  headquarters  of  the  Jesuits 
in  the  Xorthwest  Territory.  From  a  Idler  written  by  him. 
dated  at  "Kaskaskia.  Xovembcr  1),  171^,  and  addressed  to 
Father  ( lei-man  (General  of  the  Jesuit  Order  in  Paris,  France 
we  quote  as  follows: 

"Tlie  l-'ivnch  having  latch'  established  a  fort  on  the  river 
"(  Miabasclie/"  demanded  a  priest  or  missionary,  and  Father 
John  Mermet  was  sent  to  them." 

This  latter  is  inserted  in  a  historic  work  of  undoubted  re- 
liability published  in  Paris.  France,  in  the  year  li(!l.  It  i- 
inserted  in  that  historic  work  on  page  o'io  thereof.  It  will  be 
' >l iserved  that  the  letter  does  not  give  the  precise  dale  when 
the  French  built  or  established  a  Curt  on  the  "Ouabasohc,"  but 
it  must  have  been  some  years  before  November  !.),  Lil"^.  the 
date  of  the  letter,  for  the  French  inhabitants  to  have  so  in- 
creased in  numbers  at  that  early  date  to  have  merited  and 
demanded  the  services  oL'  a.  missionary. 

In  the  year  1SS7  an  old  oak  tree  standing  on  the  west  hank 
•f  the  Wabash  J'iver  in  Vermillion  county.  Indiana,  near  the 
town  of  Fugene.  wa>  felled.  An  axe  of  French  manufacture 
was  found  embedded  in  the  tret1.  The  annual  gn>\vth>  around 
i'hc  a\e  were  counted  by  |n-rsons  skilled  in  matter  of  that  'kind 
and  it  was  found  thai  the  annual  u.To\vi!is  around  (he  axe  in- 


7s  A    HI-T»I;Y  or   V  INVKNM-:-.. 

'licated  that  it  had  been  inserted  in  the  tree  at  a  period  pos- 
sibly as  early  as  IT 00,  and  certainly  noi  later  than  HO-V  The 
uity  in  fixing  the  nxaei  dale  when  the  axe  wa-  in.-'  iled 
was  ii'.  consequence  of  the  blending  of  the  growths  around  the 
axe  where  the  wound  was  inllicted  on  the  I  reo.  On  this  ac- 
count the  blending  and  eon  fusion  of  growths  the  exact  date 
of  it-  insertion  could  not  be  determined  with  greater  precis- 
ion than  between  the  year  1700  and  lT'0-"».  One  hundred  and 
twenty-seven  growths  were  distinct,  and  a  number  immediate- 
ly around  the  axe  confused.  It  was  stated  at  the  time  the  axe 
wa-  found  that  it  had  been  inserted  in  the  tree  by  some  Jesuit 
missionary  on  his  lonelv  journev  through  the  wilderness. 
i'.ut  this  could  not  be  in  the  nature  of  things  as  it  i-  \v<  11 
known  that  ihe  Jesuit  missionaries  amon^  ihe  Indians  of  ihe 
Xorthwest  never  carried  axes  or  weapons  of  anv  kind.  They 
onlv  carried  crosses  on  their  lonelv  pilgrimage  through  the 
[ernos.  Xeitber  could  it  have  been  insericd  bv  one  o!'  a 
small  party  who  carried  few  axes,  as  its  loss  would  have  been 
noticed  and  the  implement  recovered.  It  was  in-erted  by  one 
of  ;i  large  party,  and  it-  loss  wa-  not  noticed  oil  account  of 
rge  number  ihev  carried.  It  is  reasonable  to  suppose  ibis 
was  in-erted  in  that  oak  tree  by  one  of  the  ni'ii  iiecuin- 
-  wa\  d'i\\'ii  the  \\'abash  Ilivcr  to 
>•.'  to  build  the  fori  here.  And  I 
i-  is  a  nat  ural  recon !  aidine.  an-i 

11  11 1111]  H  U' 

ILT  of  ihe  fori  here,  and  the  actual 
he  war   1  Tim. 


CLARK'S   KASKASKIA   CAMPAIGN.  79 

CJlAFTFPi  XII. 

r LARK'S  KASKASKIA  CAMPAIGN. 

The  inhabitants  in  the  Xorthwest  at  the  time  of  its  acqui- 
sition by  Great  Britain  in  11 03,  were  almost,  if  not  exclu- 
sively. Fr"iich  people  or  the  descendants  of  French,  and  were 
all  animated  by  that  common  race  prejudice  that  then  ex- 
isted and  still  exists  between  the  Fng'lish  and  French  people. 
They  were  not  reconciled  to  the  change-  of  ruler  and  always 
regret  ted  t  hat  by  the  terms  of  t  be  treat  v  of  I'aris  this  promis- 
ing' and  rich  country  had  been  wrested  from,  their  beloved 
France.  This  race  prejudice  is  well  known  to  exist  among  all 
peoples  of  dillVivnt  nationalities  and  can  never  be  oblit- 
erated, and  is  still  active,  and  potent  after  the  lapse  of 
centuries.  As  an  illustration.  take  the  Irish  race. 
and  it  is  well  known  that  a  hitter  hatred  exists 
between  the  Celt  and  the  Anglo  Saxon.  Show  me  an  Irish 
Catholic  in  anv  quarter  of  the  habitable  globe,  whether  be- 
neath the  burning  ravs  of  a  tropical  sun.  or  the  frozen  regions 
of  the  North,  and  I  will  at  the  same  lime  show  you  a  bitter 
and  determined  foe  of  the  British  government.  This  hatred 
has  been  engendered  bv  the  centuries  of  injustice  and  oppres- 
sion that  relentless  power  has  inllicted  upon  their  native 
isle.  They  are  ever  ready  to  seize  upon  anv  occasion  to  raise 
their  hand  against  the  oppressor,  [hiring  the  Revolutionary 
Y\  ar  it  tilled  the  rosier  of  oilicers  and  the  rank-  of  the  revo- 
lutionary soldiery  with  Irishmen.  Among  tb,.  forces  under 
(ieorge  lingers  ('lark,  that  took"  part  in  the  capture  of  Ka-ka-- 
kia.  there  were  many  Irishmen,  and  found  there  in  conse- 
quence of  this  race  prejudice.  Of  the  l.~>o  men  that  are  said 
to  have  composed  his  force  \vhon  he  starlet]  upon  his  K'askas- 


kia  eampaiirn.  the  1'''!  h>\\  i m:  \\eiv  I  ri-!iiii<'ii.  either  h\-  hirth 
or  ill-scent:  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  .Montgomery.  Major 
Thoma-  Ouick.  Captain  .Richard  McC'artv.  .lohn  IJod^eiv. 
John  \\'  iliiani-.  Lieutenant  Valentine  Dalion.  James  Moni- 
_"'.:  erv,  Jann->  llohertson.  Lawrence  Slaughter.  .Inlm  S\vann. 
Sergeants  .John  P>rand.  James  l>r"\vn.  Michael  Miles.  John 
Moore.  John  o'llear.  IJohert  Patterson.  John  Vaiiirhan.  Jolin 
\Villiains.  Prix-ales  John  Asli,  Thomas  IJatten.  \\'i!liam  I>"H. 
James  lii^u'er,  Jolin  llaxie.  Janies  P>rvant.  l-jl\\'ard  ItiiL'ci-. 
\ic]iol;i>  llnrkc.  John  ( 'aiiiphell.  Andrew  Conorc.  Tlu>ma- 
t'lit'ion.  Heiinis  ('holn-ni.  Cornelius  ('oj)eland.  .lohn  ('o\van. 
James  Curry.  [Jol.eri  Davis.  Krederick  Doheriy.  Xeal  ]>oh- 
crty.  Patrick  Dorn.  John  iMnT.  Kdward  Kear.  Sannie]  Fiidoy. 
James  Kiidey.  James  Finn.  Jolin  M.-Flana-'an.  Michao]  Glass, 
I'avid  (ilenn.  [-"ranci-  (lOtll'n-y,  John  (ireen.  Jolin  (Ji'iines. 
William  (iv.-in.  Sihi-  Harland.  Ihi-h  ll.-nry.  llarnev  Ili^ins. 
Jolin  ]  I  u^h.c-;.  Lchvai'd  Joimson.  Matheu'  Jones.  John  Javne-. 
William  Learn,  .  1,'ichard  Lmi-ivll.  John  Lyons.  Jo~ep], 
L;  .m>.  Isaa.-  Mi-liHil.-.  Francis  McTVrmoti.  David  M,-I).,ii:il.l. 
Jo]  :  McCann.  Alexander  Melntyre.  (ieoi-v  McManu-.  J 
\r.-M.-in\N.  John  Mi-M:uiii>.  Jr..  Samnol  M.-Millen.  Jam- 
McXnit.  Francis  Malionev.  Patrick  MaiT.  Charles  Manin. 
rohn  Mont^oinci'\-.  Jrihn  Mooj-e.  Thomas  Mnore.  .lohn 
Murphy.  K.I \vanl  Miirrny.  I'.-n-r  V.  \vi,,n.  Mi.-ha.-l  n'llara. 
Da'  :  D'llcar.  Peter  Pr-M.  U'illiam  Pan-eil.  \Villiain  Slack. 

i  "     '    •      -      Spclll     ail.     J          '          Talle\  ,       Jo-cpll      TIlonit'Ml.      I  >; 

M,  :  •  .       \\     ..  .          |  I,  i    i,  i,|  i,.   \Vdch. 

I    thai     iin         d     Mai  de    La    l-'a      M 

I  '  e    (  i  I'a-  !ld     (  'otllll     lie    IJoi 

"liition  ?     I ;   \\  ;i-  '  ••;   ;'":•  ,-. '        •        -         i.-rt  v.  a- 
'••'•.-.'•        -     : ;  ., '    \\  ord.      The   !  \vo  !al  !i-r   \\  en    oil;- 
•    '    !•  .--r\   -•   of  tin    Kir;--  of  Franc,-.  IMP.-  hd'niv  and 

I '   ",.-,.      i-     '•    |o  ,    1}   I lii'ir  o\v!i  con n!  r\ .      I  ]    \va- 
I  h  •   KnLrli-l    ••'.  -     '    v.  •  !'••   i  n   ill- 


CLARK'S  KASKASKIA  CAMPAIGN.  M 

roar  by  aiding  her  revolted  colonies,  raid  thus  effect  her  dis- 
memberment and  weakening  of  that  power.  And  all  this  was 
brought  about  by  raee  prejudice.  ]>v  ibis.  I  do  not  wish  to 
detract  in  the  least,  from  the  debt  of  gratitude  we  owe  these 
men.  and  all  others  who  rendered  our  eounlry  assistance  in 
time  of  need.  1  only  go  beneath  the  outward  surface1  of  things 
and  indicate  the  controlling  motives  that  prompted  their 
action. 

The  idea  that  originated  the  military  movement  against 
Kaskaskia  was  based  upon  the  rare  prejudice,  known  to  exist 
between  the  French  and  English,  It  was  known  to  the  au- 
thorities of  Virginia  that  all  the  inhabitants  of  Kaskaskia 
were  Frenchmen,  either  b\-  birth  or  descent.  It  was  also 
oquallv  known  that  they  all  chafed  under  ]">rhsh  domination 
and  would  he  williiiLfat  anv  favorable  opportunity  to  throw  it 
oil'.  This  knowledge  justified  the  authorities  of  Virginia  in 
making  the  attempt.  It  could  not  be  supposed  that  any  force 
Virginia  could  send  at  that  lime  against  Kaskaskia.  if  met 
with  active  opposition,  would  be  crowned  with  success.  The 
condition  of  a/fair?  at  Kaskaskia  may  have  been  obtained  from 
some  of  the  French  olliccrs  in  the  American  army.  There  can 
be  no  doubt  in  the  mind  of  an  intelligent  man  that  tin.'  \  ir- 
ginia  authorities  obtained  it  from  some  source  before  thev 
countenanced  and  authorized  the  expedition  against  Ka>ka-- 
kia.  Otherwise  the  project  in  view  of  the  fad  that  the  state  was 
involved  in  a  death  struggle  at  home,  would  have  been  fool- 
hardv  and  ridiculous.  And  this  debt  of  gratitude  or  moral 
obligation  which  the  American  people  were  under  to  the 
"French  <ui>-l  Cnnndian  inlici'bitnnts  and  other  xdf/cr*  of  f/n 
l\  iixL'iisL-ni .  SI.  }'nicrn/3  and  tin'  niiylibori-ntj  i'illiif/cs"  of  the 
territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River  for  their  tlirowiiiL:'  oil' 
the  allegiance  of  (I rent  Britain  and  acknowledging  themselves 
citizens  of  Virginia  at  the  hare  request  of  Col.  (larke.  with- 
out offering  anv  resistance,  was  lacitlv  acknowledged  by  the 


Ft  •!  lorn  I   i  Hivernnieni   iipnii  ;ii-i[iiir 
ginia  ;  11   1  "  >•">. 

h  will  in*  ivmenihered  thai  the  territory  northwest  of  'he 
ithio  I!i\er  \vas  iir<|iiiivi|  liy  the  State  oi'  Virginia  1>\-  her 
iri'iiji-  under  ('nl.  ('larke.  adiiii;'  iniiier  the  ;-oinini.-<ion  uf 
I'atriek  Henry,  the  <!overnor  of  Virginia.  Kaskaskia  in  .lulv. 
17iS,  am!  Sj.  Vincents  in  Feliruarv,  I??'.'.  'This  was  during 
the  IJi'VolutiniKiry  \\  a  r  ainl  l>ej!oi\'  the  indcpendi'iice  <>!'  the 
Ainorii-aii  colonies  hail  Itoi-n  acknowledged  hy  (ireai  r>riiain. 
The  L'nited  States  h\-  their  act  of  Sepi-mhrr  i!th.  Llso.  rec- 
oiinnoiided  to  ihc  several  -tate>  liavin«;  claims  to  \vaste  and 
una]»|iro]irialrd  lands  :n  the  \\i'>tern  countrv.  "to  make  a  ld>- 
eral  ees.-ioii  of  such  lands  to  the  I  idled  States  for  the  eoiu- 
lii(Ul  liellelil  of  (he  l.'jlioll."  The  State  oi'  \"  1  l\u'i  II  ia  ill  ac- 

enrilaiicf  with   said   f't-onnneiidation  ol  l'oni:-res>.  (lid  h\    her 
act    |ias-fd  mi  the  'M  da\   of  January.    KS1,  a.irret.'  to  the  ree- 

i '11 1  la  tioll    ii  f    I'uMLiTi'.-S  Sllhjer!    |n    the    fol  lowi  11^  eOlld  i  t  I' MIS. 

vix:    Isl.    tliat    the   teri'iloi-y    >o   ceded    -lnuild    he   divided    into 

nri-'iiial  states:  '.'d.  that   the  expenses  of  X'ir^inia  in  aci|'.i  irin^ir 

|erritoi'\   -lnMi!d  he  |iaid  to  her  h\    the   I'  idled  State-  :  :M. 

'//.    /•"/••/"/'  '///(/  ( 'tiiiildiitii   iiihiiliiliint*  mill  nl lnT  >•'•//'-  /•< 

•'  tin     [\'n  sl,-iixL'i<i,       >'/.     r/'//ci///x    mill    //>' K//I  bun !!•!    ril/ii'ji'X, 

i    '",    /./•-,',  >-.<,  ,/    Hi, 'ins   //•(>•    rilr.i'iis    of    \'ii'i/!lliit.   xfiniilil     lt(U'< 

•   , ,', -.•••,  >•>•/'<;  n. <  ,ni,i    lil/i'*  n,n  firm  i'i/  l'>   il>  in.' 
I  •     -   fun  her  kii"\\  'i   i  hai    1  he    I  'idled    State.-   i';    ihe  a>  I    o] 

S       ileln'ier.     1  1  v:'.     aeredeil     |n    llli'Se    colldil  iollS.         1  I       -     \'~\\'\  !:''F 

•  •  ,  Si;i te  nf  \' i ri^iida  ^iiliseijiifiii  i v  h\  ;IM  act  "I 
iv  111  I  i  >:!.  a  111  Imn/ei]  her  i lelf^ates  in  I  'i ini; n'.-s 
1 1 1  . :-  .  .  i  i\-i  n~fer  ii  i  i  he  I  n  iled  State*  her  !a  nded  | " '--'  -- 
-  i  -  •  1-1  ni'  i  he  (  )!p.i  |{i\  er.  and  I  iia  I  :  iv  t  he  aitlho 

• .    T    .,•..-.!,'•'.  rsi  in.    S;iiniii       II.,".     .     Vrtlinr    Lei 

.1      ,..,   -     \|,,|       ,„,•',,',',_,/,-       n{   'MII-I',    --     friilii     the    Si      |i 


CLARK'S  KASKASKIA   CAMPAIGN.  83 

of  Virginia,  on  the  1st  day  of  March,  1781,  conveyed  said  ter- 
ritory to  the  United  States  by  deed  of  that  date. 

It  is  thus  apparent  by  the  mere  recital  of  legislative  and 
historical  facts  that  the  only  obligation  resting  upon  the 
United  States  in  consideration  of  said  cession,  was  that  ''the 
French  and  Canadian  inhabitant*  and  oilier  settlers  of  ihe 
Kaslcasl'la  ,  SL  Vincents  and  I  lie  neighboring  villages  who 
had  professed  ihcmsclccs  citizens  of  Virginia,  should  have 
lln'ir  possessions  and  till**  c-on finned  to  them.'"'  There  was 
no  condition  or  obligation  whatever  that  the  United  States 
should  make  such  inhabitants  any  additional  grants  of  land, 
I  nit  simply  to  confirm  to  them  such  lands  and  titles  as  they 
already  possessed.  In  discharge  of  the  obligation  thus  im- 
posed upon  the  United  States  a  commission  was  appointed  by 
the  United  States  to  investigate  and  determine  what  lands 
and  titles  said  inhabitants  possessed  and  when  ascertained  by 
said  commission  which  sat  and  held  session  at  Vinccnnes  from 
1801:  to  18 1.0,  the  said  lands  were  continued  to  them  by  Con- 
gress. But  it  is  well  known  the  United  States  did  more  than 
the  condition  and  obligation  imposed  by  the  act  of  Virginia 
required  to  be  done.  By  resolution  of  Congress,  passed  Aug. 
•2!>.  1788,  and  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  ;>d,  1791,  it  was 
provided  that;  -100  acres  of  land  should  lie  donated  to  every 
head  of  a  family  at  Post:  Vincennes  and  Kaskaskia,  at  and 
prior  to  17  S'!,  the  dale  of  the  acquisition  ol'  the  territory  hr 
tbe  United  States  from  "Virginia.  And  this  grant  of  -1-00 
acres  of  land  applied  to  every  bead  of  a  family  who  had  eycr 
been  at  Post  Vincennes  or  the  Kaskaskias  at  any  lime  prior  to 
17 s^  whether  they  remained  such  inhabitants  or  had  left  the 
territory.  To  provide  for  filling  this  voluntary  grant,  a  tract 
of  land  in  Knox  County,  Indiana,  ten  miles  square,  was  sur- 
veyed and  divided  into  400  acre  lots  for  this  purpose1.  Ami 
such  original  tract  not  being  snlh'cient  to  supply  all  such  in- 
habitants as  was  subsequently  ascertained,  two  additional  do- 


M  A      1  I  1-TnK'i     nl'     VlM   K\  NKS. 

nation  iraeis  were  surveyed  and  se|  apart  for  siieh  purpn-e 
-n  that  all  nf  sueh  inhaliitants  a-  aforesaid.  -Imuld  receive  a 
HJti  aeiv  traet  nf  land  or  their  heir.-  m-  a-si^ns.  This  irran: 
of  !n"  acre-  nf  land  was  in  addition  in  an\  ohli^'atiuii  resting 
upiin  i  In-  ('  idled  Slates  hy  \  irUie  of  the  cession  from  Yirinna. 
and,  was  a  voluntary  oll'i  rin-  or  i^fi  to  such  inlial'iiants  and 
was  iriven  them  as  a  free  will  nlVeiin^'  to  re-ward  them  for 
their  promptly  espousing  the  cause  of  the  American  colonies 
and  discarding  all  allegiance  to  (ir^at  Britain,  upon  the  s 
pie  request  of  Col.  Clarke,  without  iirinir  a  nun  or  showing  thi 

-      Ll'llleSt     resistance. 

The  to\yn  of  Kaskaskia  was  the  oldest  of  the  settlements  of 
tin.'  French  in  the  northwest.  It  was  the  most  populous  &et- 
'iil  containing  prohahly  o.odO  population,  was  well  forti- 
tied  and  supplied  \\dth  cannon,  -mail  arms  and  munitions  of 
war  and  defended  hy  a  -I  mnt:-  garrison.  But  wiihoin  excep- 
tion tile\  Were  all  l-'relleh  pi le.  (  in\ cni'M'  .Inhll  lie'.  ' 

-   pioi  i -i  i    i::-''':1     of    lllinnjs.    referring  to    Ka-ka-k'a   at 
!  he  dale  nf  (  ' ] a rke's  ,1  rri \  a  1   there  in  -I  u  1  v.    1  1  ]  >.  savs  : 

"Kaskaskia    wa-   to    Illnni-  then   \\hai    1'arts    i-  at    this   • 
'n   |- ranee.      Bni'u   were   in   their  respective  dav-  the  LZ'real   em- 
-    if  fa-h  Hi  .  :M'ci\"  and  happincs-.      Kaskaskia  was  I'm1 
ea  r-  I  he  I  aril's  i  town  wot  nf  the  A  !  li'^'henv  iiiotiiitai  ns. 
1  •    wa-   ;.    iiili-raiiii     place   i»  fnre    I'M  i-iuiri;   "i1   Cim-innat  i 


Hut    Ka-ka-kia    -iih-i'  lliai    period   ha-  ^uiie   haek    until    il    i- 
."  a  slat  H  i;i  fi >r  a  po-ii iilii-c.      \'\>r  ars  a  I'terwa  r    - 

i      '  n;-.     1  i    \\  a-  !  Iif  lir-i  Capital  of  ;]],.  tcrritor 

-•;.'•  '        •        -  III  I  1      1  V"JO.      \\    [  |(.]]      I]      \v  ;;-      l'i    1||0\  , 

a.    I'.ut    it   -  .       \. 

'••I-     car-  afti-r  the  reinov; 

•  -    x  '      n  I  >".'".  \\  a-  '  :»':'•  a  i   Ka.-ka  -kia.    Tin    lirsi 

^      •:••':•     i  '•':;••":'!.  d    at    \'a 


CLAKK'S  KASKASKIA  CAMPAIGN.  s"> 

in  December.  1850.  but  the  first  volume  of  its  reports,  by  ;Sid- 
nev  J5reese.  uas  published  in  November,  .18:51,  at  Kaskaskia. 
Yet  it  war-  such  a  town  and  fortress  that  Col.  George  "Rogers 
Clarke,  with  only  1  •"><"»  men.  captured  in  the  short  space  of  a 
few  hours,  before  Rochblave.  the  British  commander,  had 
risen  from  his  bed.  without  firing  a  gun  or  losing  a  man. 
\Vheii  Col.  Clarke's  force  arrived  before  Kaskaskia  they  had 
been  since  leaving  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  on  the  go  for  eleven 
days,  seven  of  which  had  been  spent  inarching  through  a 
desert  count rv.  They  were  without  cannon,  horses  or  any 
provisions,  except  what  thev  carried.  They  were  hungry  and 
footsore.  Would  it  not  seem  incredible  that  such  a  force 
could  capture  such  a  place  as  Kaskaskia  is  represented  to  have 
been  at  that  time,  without  some  cause,  except  brute  force. 
operating  in  their  favor,  that  made  it  possible.  Such  a  cause 
did  operate  in  his  favor  and  Col.  Clarke  knew  it  would  oper- 
ate. He  knew  from  two  men  from  Kaskaskia,  he  met  on.  his 
overland  march  to  that  place,  that  the  race  prejudice  between 
the  French  and  Fnglisli.  would  operate  in  his  favor.  I  Fe  knew 
the  inhabitants  of  Kaskaskia  were  all  French  people  and  hos- 
tile to  the  FJritish  and  readv  to  throw  oil'  the  yoke  at  anv  fa- 
vorable opportunity. 

It  is  a  well  known  fact  from  the  journal  of  AFajor  P>owman. 
an  oilicer  in  Clarke's  command,  that  the  supplies  and  men 
authori/ed  to  be  furnished  him  bv  Virginia,  were  owing'  to 
many  causes  and  ditliculties  never  actuallv  furnished.  On  ac- 
count of  this  failure  the  prospects  of  a  successful  issue  of  the 
campaign  before  starting  from  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  were 
anything  but  encouraging.  It  was  thought  for  a  time  it. 
would  lie  abandoned  altogether.  Pun  Gen.  Clarke  was  a  man 
of  undoubted  courage  and  determination  and  rclvingupon  the 
race  prejudice  that  was  known  to  exist  he  determined  to  make 
the  attempt  with  the  -mall  force  he  had  gathered. 

He  started  from  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  .River  on  his  wav  to 


Mi  A      II 

Kaskaskia  on  June  ^Sth.  177'S.  That  Ka-kaskia  was  tin1  ob- 
jective point  of  liis  expedition  is  clear  from  the  commission  of 
GOT.  ]|e:ir.  from  which  we  extract  as  follows: 

"You  aiv  lo  proceed  with  all  convenient  speed  to  raise  seven 
companies  of  soldiers  to  consist  of  lifty  men  each,  otlicered  in 
the  usual  manner  ami  armed  most  properly  for  tlir  enterprise, 
and  with  this  force  attack  the  British  post  at  Iva.-kaskia.  It 
is  conjectured  there  are  many  pieces  of  cannon  and  military 
-tores  in  considerable  amount  at  that  place,  the  taking  and 
^reservation  of  which,  would  be  a  valuable  acquisition  to  the 
state.  .]  f  the  inhabitants  at  the  post  will  u'ive  evi- 

deiicc  of  their  attachment  to  this  state,  let  them  lie  treated  as 
fellow  citizen-  and  their  persons  and  propertv  duly  secured. 
Assistance  and  protection  against  all  enemies,,  whatever  shall 
'I-  ail'orded  them,  and  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia  is 
pledged  ID  accomplish  it." 

This  olijectivc  point  of  the  e.\])editio!i  is  also  manifest  from 
journal  of  Major  Bowman,  who  does  not:  mention  or  hint 
any  other  ulterior  point  liein^  in  contcmjdat ion.  The  force 
of  ('ol.  Clarke-  proceeded,  do\\  n  the  ()}i\»  Iliver  in  hoats  to  a 
point  a  few  mill's  below  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee  .1  liver. 
Tin  re  at?  \\vre  abandoned  and  a  march  overland  to  Kas- 

kaskia  was  ije-'iin.     The  route  of  this  march,  was  over  a  desert 
coiiniry  with  no  road  and   no  convenience  to  cheer  them  on 
vay.     '1  he\"  onlv  i-arrii'd   muskets  and   such   provisions  as 
could   carry   on    their  hack".      After   a    tedious   march    of 
•'  ,"cn  day>  through   this  wilderness,  they  arrived   \vearv  and 
Kaskaskia,  on  the  :ird  of  -luly,  171>.  Kaskas- 
the  oj)posite  bank  of   the   river  and  the 
wman  savs  then1  advance  was  discovered 
n.  C'larke  ci'ossed  the  river  the   next  dav. 
.   and    aj'peai'ed    before    the    fortilied    town   of 


CLARK'S   KASICASKIA  CAMI'AION.  87 

mand.  il  is  stated  that  when  his  small  force  appeared  before 
ihe  walk-  <iL'  the  town  of  Iva-kaskia.  from  indications  ob- 
served, they  feared  they  would  nicer  with  resistance,  hut  a 
Catholic  priest  opened  tlie  gates  of  the  fort  and  approached 
Ceil.  Clarke  and  had  an  interview  with  him.  This  priest  w.  s 
undoubtedly  Pierre  (Jibault.  the  patriot  priest  of  the.  AVest. 

It  was  quite  natural  that  seeing  an  armed  force  of  strangers 
approaching  the  place  tb.at  the  inhabitants  should  wish  to  be 
Advised  of  the  cause  and  object  of  their  coming.  It  is  also 
Hated  that  this  priest  and  (Jen.  Clarke  had  an  interview.  It 
is  fair  to  presume  that  in  this  interview  (.Jen.  Clarke  informed 
this  priest  of  their  object  and  intentions,  and  that  they  would 
be  protected,  in  their  persons,  property  and.  religion.  This 
priest,  if  the  surmise  is  correct,  was  already  enlisted  against 
the  Knglish  cause,  returned  to  the  fort  Mid  advised  the  admit- 
tance lit.'  the  -1  rangers,  and  soon  after  the  piles  were  opened 
and  (Jen.  ( 'larke  entered  the  fortified  town  and  the  bloodless 
capture  of  Kaskaskia  was  accomplished  without  tiring  a  gun 
or  loosing  a  man.  even  before  the  British  commander  w;.s 
aware  of  the  fact. 

It  is  fair  to  conclude  that  il  all  happened  as  stated  and  thai, 
the  above  is  a  true  account  of  the  case.  .In  after  ve;.rs  it  he- 
came  necessarv  to  rnagmlv  the  achievement  for  the  purpose 
of  self  aggrandizement  and  to  stimulate  rewards  and  land 
grants.  Jn  reading  some  accounts  of  this  remarkable  achieve- 
ment, tin- intelligent  reader  is  led  to  recall  the  wonderful  and 
Don  Ouixotic  performances  of  Sir  -lohn  i'alstalT.  as  related  hv 
that  master  and  thorough  probe  of  human  nature,  and  espec- 
ially of  Anglo-Saxon  braggadocio.  \Viiliam  Shakespeare. 

lion.  \Villiam  II.  English  in  vol.  1  on  panv  111  of  hi.-  work, 
quotes  Major  l>owman.  an  ollicer  in  Clarke's  command,  who 
was  writing  concerning  Kaskaskia  at  the  lime  of  its  capture 
by  Clark',  as  using  this  -tnmg  ,-md  forcible  Iantai;,<re: 


"Kaskaskia    wa>    MI    fortified    lllMl    il    lni^li 
thousand    men." 

And  (iovernor  hVyiiold-  M;  hi-  history  of  the  capture  of 
K;isk;iskia  by  (Jen.  Clarke  in  i;;S.  ssiys:  "Clarke  h;.d  no 
cannon  or  means  of  assaulting  the  fort  and  therefore  \va- 
com  |  idled  lo  use  -1  rate^'ell). 

This  laiiirua^'e  by  learned  men  concerning  thr  rapture  of 
Kaska-ki;.  sounds  strange  in  iho  ears  of  nn-n  aeijiiainted  with 
tin-  facts  in  the  case.  ||o\\  could  (Jen.  Clark  use  Mrate^em 
whru  hi-  own  account  states  their  advance  was  detected  a  dav 
before  the  surrender.  And  ho\\-  could  a  Idoodless  issue  ha\  • 
hern  achieved  against  sucli  a  fortified  fort?  There  i>  no 


o|   ( li'ii.  ( 'larke  as  aut limn  \\'i nds  -cat ter  I'adril   leaves  from  the 

foi'rsl    trees. 

After  Liainin--  |MI ion  of   Ka-k;,-kia  as  ahove  stated,  (ien. 

('lark  sent  -mail  detachments  from  hi-  o\vn  snath  force  an.'i 
in  >ucee>>ioii  olitained  |ieacialile  |H,^,--~ioi;  ,,f  Cahokia.  I'rai- 
rir  d.u  Ii'oelii-r  and  all  the  l-'reiich  villap-  mi  the  Mississippi 
|Ji\rr  in  the  -ame  hlooillr--  manner.  And  it  i~  reasonable  to 
conclude.  ;,nd  \ve  do  collidlldr.  thai  all  tlle>e  bloodless  Iri- 
uniph-  '.vrrr  i  lii-  rr-nll  of  Mime  intliiriirr  oil  in1  ihan  iiiilitarv 
neer-iiv.  Th.-v  all  I'.-ll  in!"  ilu-  liands  of  (im.  Clark  a>  the 
i-ipr  appli  f;dl>  to  the  Around  from  the  parent  -inn.  h  i- 
fair  and  iu-l  \\e  think  to  attribute  the-e  b|ooil|i--~  re-ults  to 
tiii-  inlhiriirr  of  (iibauh  frmn  the  iieee-sary  operation  of  well 

kllo\\  !|    railM'-.        I  Ir    llJlil    lirrll     I  a  !  iof  i  1 1  'J    a  I     ;,il     these     |-"relleh     -r|- 

.  n  I'M   vea  r-.      I  Ir  wa-  nmpir-t  in 
,1    i,,. ni   j,    •    ,    entire  n<  'i-i  hu  >•-!   territ"  iry.      1 1  r  lain  uvd  da\ 

and  ni^hl.  trarhini:'  llu   rhildi'rii  and  adults,  not  only  on  Sun- 
l.in    .iii    v,  n  '.    da\  -.       M"    \\a-   -o   -Urm—l  ill    that    in    a 

-i\    i         -  |,.|       i-     an-i  '        '       S'  ptrinber.    1  '.  <'^.   lir 


Ct. AUK'S  I\  A>K".\>Ki  A  C'AMi'A  K;X. 


brought  them  all  back  within  the  fold  of  the  church,  ami  al- 
mo-t  tlic  entire  population  received  communion  mi  Faster 
Sunday.  K<i!>.  The  same  tiling  he  accomplished  at  Cahokia 
ami  Prairie  du  Rocher  and  all  the  missions  on  both  sides  of 
the  M  ississippi  River,  lie  'milt  and  iilessed  the  first  cha|iel 
on  tlie  site  of  the  present  city  of  St.  Louis,  when  Col.  Francis 
\  i.Lfo  resided  there. 

\Vheii  (Jen.  Clark  had  thus  ohtaiiied  possession  of  Kaskas- 
kia,  and  all  the  French  village.-  on  the  Mississippi  River,  he 
had  fully  accomplished  the  objects  embraced  in  his  commis- 
sion, from  (iov.  Ileiirv.  I»m  he  was  not  to  receive  his  dis- 
charge. Jlis  invaluable  services  and  his  undoubted  courage. 
were  not  to  lie  dispensed  with.  He  was  to  receive  a  new  com- 
mission, not  from  (iov.  Ilenrv.  but  in  all  probability  from 
I'ieriv  (iibault.  it  \vas  then  for  the  first  time  it  \\as  heard 
mentioned  that  the  capture  of  tlr-  fort  on  the  \\'al»ash  lii\'er 
at  this  place.  \vas  to  be  undertaken.  It  was  represented  to 
(Jen.  ('lark  that  the  fort  here  was  the  real  key  to  the  posses- 
sion of  the  n ort Invest  territory.  That  the  capture  of  Kaskas- 
kia  was  not  so  important,  as  the  capture  of  the  fort  on  the 
\Vaba-h  would  be.  which  was  in  the  heart  of  the  northwest 
while  Kaskaskia  was  onl\"  an  outpost  on  the  frontier  and  ad- 
joining a  foreign,  if  not  a  hostile  stale.  lie  therefore  uri^ed 
tijion  (Jen.  Clark  to  undertake  ihi-  captui'e  of  the  fort  on  the 
\\aba~h  here,  lie  ['('presented  to  him  ho\v  easv  it  was  of  ac- 
complishment and  how  the  same  conditions  on  the  part  of  the 
inhabitants  in  the  post  here  would  operate  in  his  fa\or.  as 
they  had  operated  at  Kaskaskia.  lie  promised  and  agreed  to 
furnish  him  additional  men  ami  mean-  to  render  the  expedi- 
tion successful.  ( !en.  (lark  was  con yi need  and  agreed  to  com- 
mand the  expedition  ami  tlm-  was  organized  at  Kaskaskia  the 
exiiedition  to  capture  the  fort  at  Vincennes.  The  intelligent 
reader  of  the  transaction  will  come  to  the  conclusion  that  it 
all  happened  as  stated  above-. 


In  1 1 1  n  ill  M'r  came  l"  \"iiiceimi>  as  the  pari-h  prie>i  here 
tli«'  K<\.  1'ieiT"  (iil'iiuh.  .11.-  came  in  the  Xnrth\ve>l  l'r«iu 
Oiiehrc.  a-  tlii1  vicar  ireiieral  of  the  Ai'clihi>hop  uf  thai  place. 
He  remained  heiv  a-  the  pari>h  priest  with  the  exception  "L 
an  interregnum  in  111>.  \vlien  he  wa-  expelled  hv  (Jovernor 
Iliiniilioii.  until  !*>!*.  1I«'  was  without  ([iiotinn  tin-  ino.-i 
learned  and  inthiein  ial  man  in  the  N"oi-t Invest  at  that  eariv 
day.  ilr  had  almo>t  uiilmunded  inthieiicc  over  the  inhahit- 
ants  here  \vhn  uviv  all  Fi'eiieh  \>y  iiirth  or  desei'iit.  In  tho 
winter  (if  1  1 ",  >  In-  received  in t'i irmai  ii in  oL'  the  pending  >tniLi' - 
u'le  of  tlie  American  enlunies  a^'ain>t  (ireat  Urnain  for  inde- 

leiice.       I  ins   inl'erma.t  inn   had    \^-,'\\   studiuiish    cuiii  e; 
from  the  inliahiiaiits  »L'  the  Xnrilnvest   \>y  the  llriii.-h  autii"!1- 
ities  in  ('anada.     Th  •  ~trn.ur.ir!e  had   lieen  actively  in  pn><ire-> 

'•'    -     n!      IWii     \'eai>     1'el'iil'e     it     Was     kllOWIl     llOI'e.        Tllel'i 

Hi  i  r<  iads  '  >f  means  «i  eiiiiimuiiieatiuii  w;  i  h   the  At  la 
i'r.'in  this  j)laee  at  1      •   .  ,,  ••       day.      A  '.'.':•.:'•  irmat  ion  came  !•  ; 

n]      t!    e     hike       I",    _  I    ..nil.         \Vll'H        KeV.        I'i.    IT, 

i-ari      i     i      -  >t  i    -  _  •    \vit  h  the  natn  ra  1   insl  iiii-t  -  ai  i- 
•:  .,  •  '.  :_••-•••  '         I   •••  he  at   on<-e  decided   In  j"in 

••..•;•.    i,    !  i..n-     .          i  ~  a        i  a-l      :-     "t   a    d    inllu  -lice  in  1 

"     I      •    i      alter  pa  rt   "t'  tin    \\    .  ter  ol'   K  i  >   he  ami"!!  need 
-  -   •          -        ri-lin    e|--   •    a  i    hi    u  i-hed   them  \»  nice]    h  :ni 
,  •  ,    - ;     .      •     MI      -     •  '      '   i  n  1  nrmat  ion  to  cuiim 

i  '        -tali       ! : i '-   nieei  1 1I--  \va-  heji ;    in 

••       hciv.   Jim    i:    \va-   ii"i      eld   ih  •:•  •.   All  aecuiints 


I'r.AKK's  ST.   VINCENT  CAMPAIGN.  Ul. 

cipline  indicate  ho  would  have  considered  it  a  desecration  to 
hold  such  a  meeting  in  the  church.  Besides  the  church  was 
not  a  suitable  ])lacc  for  such  a  mooting.  It  was  a  small  struc- 
ture with  no  windows  or  openings  except  a  door.  It  had  no 
pe\vs  or  any  floor  except  the  eath.  This  meeting  was  held  in 
the  old  fort,  which  was  large  and  a  hotter  place,  and  wa^ 
then  unoccupied.  When  the  meeting  so  called  was  assembled 
the  1'cv.  rather  Gibaitlt  addressed  them  in  French  to  this 
purport: 

'' N !l  ttdurcd  Brethren  anil  Frllmi-  Citizen*: 

'"'[  have  received  authentic  and  reliable  information  that 
the  American  colonies  on  th,>  Atlantic  Ocean  have  revolted 
and  are  now  at  war  with  England  in  a  struggle  for  independ- 
ence. This  war  lias  now  been  going  on  I'or  upwards  of  two  years 
with  varving  success.  We  have  just  received  the  first  account 


studiously  kept  us  in  ignorance  of  the  fact,  fearing  we  would 
follow  the  example  of  so  manv  of  om1  French  brethren  and 
join  the  colonists  and  throw  oil  our  allegiance  to  them.  This 
is  a,  just,  struggle  o!.'  the  weak  again-!  the  strong.  It  is  our 
duty  as  Frenchmen  and  lovers  of  our  native  land  to  render  all 
the  assistance  we  can  to  the  struggling  colonies.  Everything 
we  do  in  this  way  will  in  reality  be  dune  in  the  interest  of  our 
Fivm-h  brethren.  Therefore  1  propose  that  we  throw  oil'  all 
allegiance  to  the  .English  nation  and  declare  ourselves  citizens 
of  the  revolted  colonies.  I  propose  thai  you  manifest  this 
declaration  and  intention  by  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
tlii-  American  cause,  and  if  you  are  agreed  I  will  now  adi 
ister  the  oalli  of  allegiance  io  you  and  will  assist  in  haulii 
down  ihc  English  emblem  oj'  its  sovrreisintv  over  this  fort." 


the  Am 


to  tin-in   liy    hither  tiihanlt.  and   the    Knirli>h    Hair  wa-  haulrd 
down   iivel1   the  nld    furl    on    tile  "f  tiitihiim  In  ." 

\Yht-n  the  liriti-h  authorities  in  Canada  heeanie  aware  •  i' 
tln-.-e  proceeding-  (ioverimr  Henrv  Hamilton  wa-  sein  ht-re 
to  re-lake  possession  of  the  nld  fort.  Hi-  eame  and  the  fun 
hcinu'  jiraetieallv  unguarded.  uiil\  Li'-ntetiant  ilrlm  and,  ,,ne 
dtlii-r  pet-Mill  with  him  heiie_r  in  the  fort,  he  had  no  diliiciiit; 
in  ^aininj.'  pu-ses-iun  of  it.  htlh-r  C.ihatili.  in  eutiM-i|Ueiice 
uf  his  euiineet  ion  with  thi-  a  il'iiir.  incurred  the  di-pleaMitv  i] 
the  K.mrli-h.  Thev  cuiild  imi  hmok  the  idea  of  letting  ihe 
ke\  in  the  pu-M'->ion  "i'  ilie  Nurlhwe>t  pa--  from  iheir  LIT;.-;-. 
l-'allti-r  (iihauh  \\a-  arre-led  hv  (iov.  Hamilton  and  held  an 
a  pri-iiiicr  fur  -nine  time.  |-'inall\  ii  \va>  agreed  hy  (i  .. 
Hand'tmi  tu  lihi-rale  him  if  he  \vuiild  lea\c  tin-  place,  l-'alln  r 
lii  i.-iuii  agreed  to  i  hi-  and  K-fi.  and  returned  tu  I\a>ka-kia. 
Tii  -  -xpiil-iun  "i'  ( i  iliaiill  \\  a-  a  \  i-a  r  hefufe  ( i.-n.  ( 'la 
in  1-  •  .  .  1  1  1 '.'.  a  nd  \\  a-  pi'uvideiit  ia  I  and  ti  h 

1     a   -;••  -at   ad  \  a  n ;  a  _•  •  tu  the  A  inefica  n  cause  in   I  In-   1  !•  •    - 

I  in       '     \\  a  r.      1 1  placed  ilii-  ,      .    .  '         i  ial  man  win-re 

he  i -i       •      a—  -1     in    u'i'i'-i    :._    ihe    ^'I'-al     \urlhwe-i    Terr  '• 

I'JIL:'!  i-h.       I :    :  ''in-,  i  •    !i : '  -i    Vi-r  a  I     K  a  -  - 

1  • : :  '  ••  •  i : .  i     .  •  •       '       '        a  c;  •  i  1 1  . 1 1 1 1  \- .   1  1  1  -- 

Afi  :  ed,    i        la-k   out  lined    -      '    - 

---::    i  if   ( li  i\  erm  if    1 1  -n  i       "f     \  i  I'L: 

imi    u|'   ,.       ill.     F1  .      .,  ..  -   mi    i  he    M  i-- 

-  --       ,|    | ,'     i-r  i  !n      ifn  j      '         -         •   •    ,      i  r-i    :  i  mi-  lifnaehei       n 

-  '!•_:;  n]/i     .1  n. it  her    i  I  i          •   •    •        I  I  in-    old     L'ori     here. 
I       -     -      •      •            -     -'_.>-'••'.      '      -   -a  fe   ii  i   a  --i  -rt .   hv     I ' 

i  ,  •        \      ,  .•    ,      ,     a  raet'  •!'  '  il    '      i  iin  a  n  v  acci  ui  n  I    '  a  -  '-• 

•    .     ,  •  •    •       \i  ir;  h\\-  --i    p.  i--c--i          f 

-  .     '..--.-•  .         _  •  .      n  ll'ii     1-1     ,  ,    •      '       h  i    pla  i        ml 

|;  -       .  ,          .  ,       •     •  .  -         .  •  |,,  it    ill'l. 

'|n-:      -.-•     •     ,  •    •     .       .      ••..•'•  tun!:        "'  ht'ih'i*:  !/ • 


CLARK'S  ST.   VINCKNT  CAMI-AKIN.  i»3 

was  not  within  the  scope  of  Clark's  original  program,  it  is 
sullicieiit  to  remark  it  was  not  named  in  his  commission  from 
(Joyernor  .Henry.  It  was  not  named  by  any  one  in  his  com- 
mand until  after  the  bloodless  capture  of;  Kaskaskia.  And  in 
addition  it  may  lie  said  that  the  fort  here  was  not  known  io 
(Jen.  Clark"  or  his  command  until  after  his  capture  of  Kas- 
kaskia. There  was  no  road  or  other  communications  between 
this  place  and  even  Kentucky  at  that  early  date.  .If  it  had 
been  within  the  scope  of  (Jen.  Clarke's  object  i ye  point  he  could 
have  reached  this  place  bv  a  march  of  only  fifty  miles  from 
the  Ohio  Ikiver,  and  from  here  he  could  have  proceeded  to 
Kaskaskai  by  a  slimier,  better  and  well  known  route,  than  the 
one  he  took  from  t he  Ohio  Uiver. 

Hill  upon  this  point  there  is  no  room  for  doubt  or  question. 
The  capture  of  the  fort  here  was  not  in  the  original  plan  of 
('lark's  campaign,  ll  was  suggested  and  originated  at  Kas- 
kaskia by  Father  (Jibault.  the  only  man  at  the  time  having  the 
ability  to  plan  or  carry  out  such  a  scheme-.  He  represented  io 
(Jen.  Clark  the  importance  of  the  fort  here,  the  general  feel- 
ing of  the  French  inhabitants,  and  the  defenseless  condition 
of  the  fort  at  the  time.  He  proposed  to  furnish  him  addi- 
tional troops  from  Kaskaskai.  and  means  to  carry  n  forward, 
and  also  guides  to  lead  the  force  to  this  place.  He  did  all 
this,  lie  furnished  (Jen.  Clark  two  companies  of  troops,  all 
'  atholies  and  all  members  of  his  congregation.  One  of  these 
companies  under  the  command  of  McKay,  and  the  other  under 
the  command  of  Francois  Charlcvillo.  These  two  companies 
from  Kaska-kai  came  with  C"ti.  ('lark  and  assisted  in  ihe 
capture  of  the  fort,  am!  manv  permanently  settled  here.  He 
enlisted  Francis  Yigo.  a  trader  a1  an  Indian  villag.1  upon  the 
site  of  the  present  citv  of  Si.  l,,>ui>  in  the  enterprise,  and  in- 
duced him  to  furnish  mean-  to  carry  ii  on.  Yigo  was  at  the 
lime  a  xealons  and  devoted  Catholic  and  a  member  of  Father 
( J  iba  11  It  .-  coi i Lj're^'a  i  ion. 


!U 


\Yithnut  wi-hiiii:  t'>  detniet  in  the  IIM-I  frmn  the  uVsiTveo1 
honor  due  in  the  men  that  aetivelv  took  part  in  ihr  c-apiurc 
df  the  fort  h'Te.  it  is  due  in  inuli  ami  jusiieo  to  irive  honor  to 
wh'im  honor  i-  due.  There  was  im  111.111  in  the  eounlrv.  exeepl 
Pierre  (Jilian.lt.  who  coiilil  aeeomplish  the  ahove  i-nunu'Tiitec! 
re-u!t>.  (Jen.  ('lark  wa-  nn  entire  .~i  ranker  in  the  eoui'ti\, 
;niil  miilil  iiMi  he  ex jiecti'il  tu  havr  .-iillieienl  inllileiu-e  ovei1  a 
.•Mranp'  |teople  speaking  a  ilill'ei'ent  lan.Li'iiap'  from  hi-  own  i.o 
illdtlee  lliein  to  eiih-t  \  ol  Ull  1  il  1'i  I V  ill  a  ll;lXil  l'<l<Mi?.  elllefjM'ise 
throim'li  his  exeftions  alone.  \'i_;'o  was  an  illit  'rale,  hut  -ite- 
tessl'nl  Ifader  aiiH'iii;'  th.e  nut  ntdiv.l  Indians.  He  eould  not  at 
ihat  time  write  hi>  own  name,  am!  urvcr  emtld  do  it.  ex.  cot 
ineehanieally  a-  the  pai-rot  leai-n-  to  -a\  "Pretty  I'oll."  lint 
;ill  th'-e  (ilans.  |iurpo>e>  and  detail.-  were  within  the  ninp  "• 
aeeompli.-lnnent  of  1'mnv  (Ji'liaitlt.  and  in  him  the  merit  of 
>iieee<>  i-  priina  ri  I  \~  and  pri  nei  pa  1 1  v  due. 

In   August.    1  1  ',  >.  it    \\a-   deteniii  n.'d    in  -end   a   ino.-aLi'e    lo 

\  ilieelllles  to  appfi.-e  the  i  llhaiii  t;l  lit  >  of  the  jnti'tlded  expeili- 
tioll.  !-'allii-!-  (Jihaillt  -rleeted  a-  till-  Ille.-sell^er  hi-  eolltidell- 

tial  and  iru-i -d   friend,  -lohn   I5apti-le  LaH'op.l.     Tin-  me-r-eii- 

^'el'    \\;l-    Well     kllOWII     to     Father    (iihaillt     ;|lld    ;|     Illemher    of      hl- 

enn^'ri'U'a  t  mn.  leather  (Jihanll  ^oleiiinixeil  the  marriage  of  hi.- 
iljiii^li'iiT  Marie  L.-iiVniit  |o  lioheri  Melxax .  on,' nf  the  eaptain- 

ajipninti-d  in  eoiiiniaini  one  nf  the  cnmpani"-  rai.-eil  at   Ka,-ka>- 

kia     for    111'1    St.     \    illeelll    -    eo|||p;|  l^'ll.        Mr.     l.all'nllt     aeeordill^'l  V 

we m  in  \  iiici-niii-  nil  ihi-  mi--ioii  ;im|  earricil  unh  him  a 
enmmi--iiiii  -iu'iied  liv  (im.  ('hirk.  d;i!rd  at  Ka-ka-kia.  Au^ii-t 
1  •>.  1  1  !  >.  a  ppniii  1 1  n  L;'  I1  ra  nn  i|-  I  )ii--i'i'nn  ea  pi  a  i  n  of  a  emnpa  n  \' 
lo  i  !•  ra  1-1  d  at  \  - .  T!i i-  I1  ra  "•••«':-  l»n--ernn  \va-  a 

va  li'i  "  •  ii)'  Fa  '  ' •'  '  ' '  ii  '  and  u  a-  <  >'•]* •  of  hi-  pri iieipal 
ad\  i-i'i1-  a  m  i  a--i  M-ial  e-  •  >  •  \\  a-  a  t  \  i  ni-eii  in  •-.  from  1  1  ~,{ ' 

to  '          aii      •' '  :  '  -  '  •    •     -    'ii.      i  I .     ,         .  irivai   proini- 

\va-  a  >>i"  >i  nt  i-d   nn  •  i  if  i  he 
'  -  i '     '        mil  M    •  i     .1 . .    •    'I'ni  !i    \\  hi  n  h'  •  i  aim'  hv  a  nt  horit  v 


CLARK'S  ST.   VINCENT  CAMPAIGN.  '.'5 

of  Virginia  ID  organize  civil  govern ment  in  the  Territory  in 
!?•!'.  and  was  also  appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the  court 
by  AVinthrop  Sargeant,  secretary  of  the  Territory,  when  he 
came  lo  organize  the  territory  by  authority  of  the  Iniied 
State-  in  K!Hi.  He  was  a  distinguished  pioneer  citizen  who 
had  hceii  previously  appointed  captain  oi'  a  company  raised 
when  Father  Gibault  administei'ed  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  French  inhabitant-  in  the  winter  of  K^s  and  was  the  man 
who  hauled  down  the  British  Hag  over  the  fort  and  raised  in 
its  stead  the  red  and  green  serge  Hag.  One  of  the  streets  in 
Yincenncs  is  named  in  memory  of  this  num.  He  died  in 
K!H  and  \vas  hurled  in  the  Catholic  cemetery  here. 

\Vheii  the  force  was  organized  at  Ivaskaskia  to  come  and 
rapture  the  fort  here  it  was  Pierre  Gibault  who  insisted  it 
should  lie  undertaken  at  an  inclement  season  of  1  lie  year  when 
the  whole  intervening  count rv  between  Kaskaskia  and  A'in- 
cennes  \vas  covered  with  ice  and  water.  1  [e  did  this  because 
he  knew  of  the  existing  condition  of  the  fort  here.  It  was 
practically  unguarded  and  in  total  want  of  supplies  of  all 
kinds.  These  were  expected  from  Canada  in  the  earlv  spring- 
time. Success,  therefore,  depended  upon  speedy  action  before 
the  expected  supplies  arrived.  These  matters  were  all  within 
the  knowledge  of  Pierre  dihault.  who  was  well  acquainted 
with  the  Fivnch  inhabitant-  here,  and  communication  between 
this  place  and  Ka-ka-kia  was  frequent.  But  th;'se  important 


that  accompanied  him  from  ihe  fal Is  of  the  Ohio  to  Ivaskaskia. 

And  when  the  force  was  fullv  armed  and  equipped,  ready  10 
proceed  to  come  and  capture  the  fort  here,  it  was  Pierie  Gi- 
bault who  gave  them  e.he.M1  and  encouragement.  Gen.  ('lark 
in  his  report  of  this  expedition,  says  that  when  the  force  was 
ready  to  depart  from  Kaska-kai  for  the  \Vabash  on  February 
'">.  lilD,  thai  Father  Gihattlt  appeared  before  the  two  Illinois, 
companies  he  had  been  instrumental  in  raising  and  addressed 


thrill  ;ili'l  LTave  till-in  hi-  Ue»iii^.  lien,  ('lark  d<>e-  not  _n\\: 
tile  -ni'-taiiee  of  tile  ;liliil-f>-  of  Katlier  (iiii.ltlll  In  the  1  \\n  Illi- 
nois companies  nn  thai  iniere>titm'  an  !  momentous  oreasio;i. 
\\e\vil]  -npplv  tin-  omission.  Tile  addn-.->  \\a-  drlivi'l'i'il  iii 
FlV]leh.  lilll  \Vi'  U'ive  tllr  Mlli-tailce  of  il  ill  HllLl'ii-h  for  tllf  bell- 

ffit  of  the  render : 


"Vmi  are  ahont  to  start   on  a  u'h>rions  mission,  th.1  sticce-.- 
nf  which    will   cover   vmi    with   evi  rla-nni:'  x'"''v-      And   of  t'p.i 

elltilV    -Ueee--    nf    j|     tllel'e    call    I  >e    11"    dollht.        Tile     KlVllcll    people 

re-idini;'  in  the  village  nn  the  \\ahash  ar,1  animated  hv  the 
-anie  feeling'.-  and  inipni-e-  a-  von  are.  I  am  \\'ell  aci|iiaintid 
with  them,  having  resided  aiimnir  them  a-  their  pa-lor  Irmn 
1 " ", ( *  until  1  \\'as  driven  awav  Kv  the  Kn^lish  in  the  spring  of 
la-l  year.  The.-e  Kiviieh  pei, p|e  aiv  no  friend-  of  the  KnirltsK 
and  are  ivadv  at  aiiv  favorahle  opportunitv  to  strike  them  a 
deadlv  lilnw.  Thev  nnanimoii-1  \ .  at  mv  reipie-i.  in  the  wint  -r 
of  1  ~,  ',  ^.  mani  I'oted  ihi-  I iv  renouncing  allegiance  in  the  I-'.nu'- 
!i-h  and  lakini:  an  nath  i"  -nppnrl  the  American  can-'  in  the 
uli"ii  imw  in  pmij-'v—  a'_~aii  -I  ll  <  ]•'.:•_' '-h.  "l  mi  are  nu\v 
_''''_'  forward  in  fnrn  i-h  I  •  t  h  i-  '  mrtunit v.  as  von  |---p- 
i '•-,  in  tlii'  -anie  cai!-  ihat  i-  no\\  a'  \'.  a  r  \\'ith  the  !MI_ 
'e,  then  \\ith  -tuiii  heart-  and  fearle--  -on!-  knowinu'  i:'  ad- 
vance |  ha  I  N  "  li  I1  'llorl-  will  lie  cm  Wl  led  \\  it  ll  complete  -llcce  -. 

A!  d    I    -peeiaHy  char/e  that    von   d"  no]    fnrL;e|   thai    whal    >'on 

do    ill    thi-    Ll'lol-jnll-    e;l''-e    i-    |-eall\     done    ill    the    illlelVH     of    '"I,!' 

iclo\  ed    i'  ra  nee.  fur  \\  li  idi   von  ail   feel  a  deep  and  a  1  ud  i  n  _  a  f- 

••".  a-   M    i-   vonr   fat  li'-rland.      And    that    von   ma\    h"   -ns- 

Med  a  n     '     e.  red  on  von  r  ionriiev  d  n  r:  111:  the  \\  i  nl  r\  \\  ea  1  her 

-'•''.      ;i  !er  a  nd  ice  a  nd  \  a  rinii-  iia  rd-h  i  p>  a  ml  pi  :  \  ;'i- 

der-'n.     I     \\  !     '     |ln\\     -  i  \  e    \  "11    the    i  ,1 

•'_'<•''  a    : "   (  'a!  hoi ic   pi  e-i    fur     our  -a  fet  \    and    prni.-ct  ion. 

I   '  '    •  r  I  m    ]-'a  I  her.  u  i  i  hunt   \\  hn-e  k  im\\  1.  d-e 

•'.:'-;.  i     :  :    '       _  "'  '         o.  feed-     t  lie    V'UiiLj 

-  v  •  i". .  i          i  I          .      -    -  ..       vuii.  |  ir — r\  c  \  i  u 

;     '        •  "iii  '       -        •  -  -    : '      th'    na nil     o|     the 

i-';;  '          ^nn.  I  |,,'       (  ,'     ,-!.       A 


CI.AKK'S  ST.    VINOKNT  (\\MPAH; \.  !i, 

A  repre.-entat  ion  of  this  imposing  and  dramatic  scene  c-tn 
he  -een  in  V\'.  H.  Kn.ii'li.-lfs  history  of  the  conqiie-t  of  the 
Northwest.  \'ol  1.  on  paue  "2.^.. 

The  expedition  started  from  kaskaskia  on  February  •">, 
1770.  How  was  it  that  the  force  made  its  wav  through  tho 
illicit  eiiinir  overflowed  and  iey  ground  on  the  way  to  \  in- 
ceiiiies?  (ien.  ('lark  nor  anv  of  the  men  who  came  with  him 
from  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  River  to  kaskaskia  had  ever  been 
in  the  country  before,  and  knew  nothing  of  the  route  to  h,> 
passed  over.  This  was  known,  however,  to  many  of  the  men 
in  the  two  French  companies  furnished  the  expedition  at  kas- 
kaskia. Many  of  them,  no  doubt,  had  frequently  passed  over 
the  mute  and  were  familiar  with  it.  Without  the  aid  of  the-e. 
men  as  guides  the  force  of  (ien.  Clark  could  never  have  suc- 
cessfully threaded  its  wav  to  the  fort  here.  It  is  stated  in 
the  journal  of  Major  Bowman  that  when  ('lark  arrived  at 
the  \\abash  River  on  his  way.  with  its  hanks  all  overflowed, 
he  irave  orders  to  his  men  to  look  out  for  boats  and  supplies. 
.He  was  then  nine  miles  below  \  iiicennes  at  an  inclement  sea- 
son of  the  year,  and  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  a  miniature  sea 
of  water.  Whv  should  such  an  order  have  been  ^iveii  if  then,1 
had  not  been  a  pre-arrati^einent  that  boats  and  supplies  would 
he,  fund  shed  him?  \\  h  v,  under  all  the  ci  reu  instances.,  shou  id 
any  sane  man  expect  boats  and  supplies  at  that  point?  Tin- 
on!  v  reason  that  ca  n  be  assigned  for  Clark's  order  is  that  bo,  si  s 
and  supplies  had  been  promised  him.  and  therefore  he  e.s.- 
peeted  them,  \\iio  was  it  thai  had  promised  the  boat-  and 
supplies?  Who  could  ha\  -  _riyen  such  a  promise  with  any 
reasonable  hope  of  ['ullilmenl  ?  It  was  not  (ien.  ('lark  or  anv 
of  his  command  that  he  brought  with  him  from  the  fall-  e.t 
the  Ohio  Rm-r.  They  were  al!  entire  stranger-  in  the  coun- 
i  ry  and  wholly  unknown  to  the  inhabitants  of  Vim-en  lies  \\  ho 
were  expected  to  furnish  the  boats  and  supplies.  It  was  un- 
questionably Father  (iibault.  the  onlv  man  at  thai  time  po.-.- 


: 111LT    till'     Ilece-Sl  I'V     1  till  UeMce     In     imiix 

any  hope  of  ii>  i'ul  tillinciit . 

After  tlic  force  had  -retired  two  lmni>  and  rros?i>d  the  Wa- 
l>a-h  River  in  the  "Mii/nrUi  I/HI"  th'\v  were  nine  miles  from 
\  iiici'iiin'>.  r>''i\v>-e;i  them  and  tin-  tnwn  \\viv  the  overllmve  ! 
waters  i>f  the  \\aha-h  Riv'T  in  places  lifteeii  and  even  tweuty- 

liVe   feel    (lee)i.       The    1 11 1  el'Vell  i  llLI    -pace    \va-    filled    will)    cnultV.-, 

ravine-,  mar-he-,  swanijis  and,  ni"ra>>e>.     \<>  man  unacquainr- 

ei]  with  ih'  !<iin ,^i-;i |ih\-  df  the  cMiinir\   could  have  attempti'l 

1"]i;l—    safelv    oVef    llial     Space.        lie    Would     iiaVc    iieel)    (ll'o\Vll(l<i 

iii  making  ilie  aitfin|»t.  ^'et  tlie  I-'i-eiieh  inlialiitanls  at-quain;- 
i.-d  will)  tlie  counirv  could  d,o  ii  safelv  liv  wending  tlieir  wav 

A  ;!  'iT-    o||     tile     I'idu'fS    of    lli-ll     -'I'"!!  lid     Mild     IV;ll   !1 
A    ilh-elllles   o||    I  heir    little    I'd'ellcll    |lo|lje-    wil!l<Hll     \Vclt  ill^1    llli'ii" 

feel.  'I  he  journal  kepi  liv  M.-ijor  I'lowinan  ^avs  thev  ni"i  duel; 
hunter-  who  eondiieted  them  from  the  ".!/'////«  //  •  ///'//"  to  the 
>ui;'ar  camp,  and  from  them-e  to  "II  .//•/•"//•>•  /X/.//N/.  and  ih"  i 

h\     ;:     depiUl'    1"     tile     ~o|lth     |o     I!|e     !!;_:i     ^'I'l'lind-    oil     \\  !  I  i  •• ' !  I      \    ill- 

ci-i  !!>•-]--  tuati  •  .       I"1  i-   \va-  a   ver\    loriuou-  an  !  cii'ciinous 

P..!      .       to    ,;     ;,.     |o     |V;,el|      \    illcelll]   -     f|-..||l     ill.'    ".!/   "  .      //;"." 

\\\\\     '   wa-  th'    o         one  thai   could   lie  taken  wit  h  nnv  clianec 

\  \  \     1 

•  e  \vriter  oj   i  h  •  jounia  1  r      I  i    i~  iioi    iva-i  inahle  in  sii|'.- 
: iv   iva         •     •  i       r-    from    V'iiieeniie-    m 

!        •-.'.'•.•:•    V.   '  '         '  -0111111'       co\  ef.-d    wil         ire   a  lid    Wai  '    !', 

•  . ••    ,  •      ,        the  d lick-  1 1n  I  ''''•' 
:            _•  •            _      ^I'oiind-                           i  lie  \     !ai:'e  wa-  -it  ua  li'ii 

\  • .  :  •          -••''        '         •  •  ••• .       ;  t  he'    \vi  •:••  •  '_ "          '       '   '  ..i  ! 

•        ••.  ,•    _  '       •       ,  '  ,      ,  .'      [•",     i  he]1    (  i        Hi       Ii     to    ce.l- 

i        •(,.''.(     a :'  all           -   fori  '  •  •  '         \    .   ,-,  j  •.      Al 

i-d  ;    ,     •'.,_.•  .          ami-li.-d.    a-    ll 

.  .  '                                 '    \1        i'   liowi 

•    '                        ._  ,.i          .                •    • .          ii       •     ,-        ••   _ 

•    .  •    '  •  -      •        .    •          _'    •      "...      .    a  i    a  rn;ed  i'o! .  e 


(.'LARK'S  ST.  VINC-KNT  CAMPAIGN.  !»!( 

of  strangers  \viih  kindness  and  hospitalitv  and  to  furni-h 
thrin  needed  refreshments!'  It  was  unquestionably  the  inilu- 
enc<-  of  tlieir  old  paster.  Pierre  Gibault. 

.It  is  well  kno\vn  that  the  inhabitants  acquainted  Gen.  Claris. 
with  the  condition  of  things  at  the  foil,  its  want  of  supplier 
and  munitions  of  war,  and  that  these  were  dailv  expected  to 
arrive  from  Canada.  They  urged  Gen.  (.'lark  to  coimneiKe 
operations  the  night  of  his  arrival  before  the  supplies  and  r_: 
inforccinents  could,  arrive.  Three-fourths  of  the  men  who 
took  part  in  the  atiack  on  the  old  fort  were  Catholics,  it  is 
both  reasonable  and  just  to  claim  that  all  this  was  accon:- 
pJi-hed  through  the  iniluence  of  Pierre  Gabault.  He  sug- 
gested and  planned  the  expedition,  its  execution  in  mid-winter 
before  supplies  and  reinforcements  conld  arrive,  and  thu- 
i-rowiied  it  with  success. 

Aj'ler  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  American  cause  had  been. 
administered  to  the  French  inhabitants,  Father  Gibault  suc- 
ceeded in  organizing  t\vo  companies  of  French  men.  one  under 
the  command  oL'  Francois  Bussoron.  and  the  other  under  the, 
command  of  (.'apt.  Xicholas.  (.'apt.  Helm  was  appointed  le 
take  possession  oL'  the  old  fort,  which  the  Knglish  had  nanu.nl 
"SackvilK1."  Its  name,  when  Clark  captured  it  in  Februarv. 
111!),  was  again  changed  to  "Fort  .Patrick  Henrv."  Captain 
Busseron  hauled  down  the  English  llag  and  hoisted  in  ii* 
Mead  a,  two-colored  llag  made  of  green  and  red  colored  serge. 
For  the  expense  occasioned  liv  th  •  llag.  ('apt.  Biir-seron  pre- 
sented an  account  against  (.'aj>t.  Helm  whii-h  was  paid  him.  of 
which  the  following  is  a  copy:  "11  *S  Paid  to  -St.  Marie  i/r 
•")  ells  oL'  reil  serge  for  the  llag.  -ioc.  1'aid  to  Mr.  Defonet  for 
;.!  :>- 1  ells  of  green  serge  for  llag.  ;!1  \->c.  1'aid  to  Mrs.  Godai'c 
i'or  making  the  llag.  ^jc."  The  facts  connected  \\ith  the  haul- 
ing down  the  British  lla.g  and  hoisting  the  two-colored  llag 
aiv  proven  bv  papers  connected  with  the  estate  of  ('apt.  Bu=- 
sei'on,  JK.IW  in  possession  <>[  I  Ion.  Charles  \>.  Lasselle,  of  Lo- 


pm-port.  hnli;iii;i.     Capt.   r>u--epMi  died  i:i   ll'.'l.  anil  Aniojii 

Maracliall  ;n  i  111  1 11  i  .-I  civ  1  oil  hi-  otilte.  l"p'Ml  hi-  death.  !!•- 
cilllhi'  La--ellc  ;lii  ill  i  M  i-leivi  1  nil  hi-  e.-iaie  and  came  nil"  |m>- 
M'~>inl]  i  if  lilt'  papers  i  if  ill  •  c-',a!c  (if  Capt.  l>ll»<M'i  HI.  a  I  id  Up"  11 
lli-  lit 'nth  I  'hill' Irs  \\.  La--'  '1  lc  ca  I  Mr  i  11  pi  >»e>si<  HI  i  if  his  fill  llt'i  's 

papers  and  ha-  them  iio\v.  Al'icr  the  capture  of  the  l-'on  \~\ 
Ki'.i  Ity  (Ji-ur-T  IJn-fi>  Clark,  h  •  rliaii-nl  the  name  nf  t!u> 
furl  1"  I'""i'i  I'ati'it-k  llfi)i-\-.  aii'l  many  at-i-cm in-  ami  (l<>rn- 
nifiits  i-uiH-iTiiiii^'  tin'  furl  afit'i1  Clark  L:'"!  |i"--.'— imi  arc  a  . 
dai.-,]  ai  "Fun  Patrick  Henry." 

Km1  ihe   part    taken   ':>\-   l-'ather  diliauli    in   ihi-  traii>;u-tinr.. 

M   I  la  mi  h "ii  afterwiii'ils  came  with  In-  eighty  snhli  -r>  aii'l 

!|H|   hiilian  allies  ami   retook  the   fort   he  arre-teil    [''ather  (ii- 

•    •  inl   held   him  a   pri-oner   for  >'Miie  t  im,e.  hut    tina  II  v   \'<:- 

leji-nl  him  mi  promi-e  ihai  h  •  \vould  leave  the  place,     l-'.ir  tlv- 

i-e  (TM\.    Hamilton   \v;i-  ceii.-ureil    hv   the   l>rin-ii   authoii- 

lie-   si!   ('anada  "ii   the  ground   liiai   a-    Kather  (iiiiauh    \va-  ;i 

Hi'iii-h    -ulijeci    ai    the   time,    living    in    llie   territorv   "!'   ih;i, 

Irv.  he  -  •  held  am!  i  ricd  for  i  iva-on. 

Col.  ('lark,  in  a  commi--ion  dated  hy  him  ai  "For!  Clark.' 
Ka-ka-kia.   Au^u-1    1-".     1  i  1  v.     appoinieil    Kram-oi-    l»u--ero;; 
•  :a  conipa  ii  v  a  i    I'"-;    \  inceiiiie.   which   con 

n  k-ion    i-  al-o   in    p io,,  ,,!    Hon.   Charle,    K.    La-ellc.  ,,! 

i; 


\Vh;     \va.-  the   f, d'l    aci  ,,      .    ca  <]  ired    h      I  ien.   Cla  ri\  on   ; '  . 

'.'•"•'       •:    i       r      •    .   !  ',',''  :   1 ;   \va-  noi  i  MI  acci  Mini  of  i  he  \  iolci 
of  l        ,-.  •  •  i        or  a        i|i-ai        ,",•.-,,  ,       • .      | 

ic    fori    '!ic-;m   ni    :.  o'clock.    l''el'i'uar\    "'i,    1  I!'.',   and     \\a- 

• ,  ;  o  , ,',.;. ,,       ; !,,.   n,.\t 

a  !!'!    I'ot     1  lie     ic;|-l      inipl'c--io!|     ] 

rl  re--,   and    no]    a    man    u  • ;  ;i  •  • :    i  i-    i  <••<  i\'-<-\  ,  n^   \\'a  11-    iiad 
-,-•',  .      Thc\    II 

f';.  '         '  '  '  mU-:sel-    I]  111          •  '  a  1111 

•  •  •        .          ihc-       i  -   '         ' .      I  i   i  i  ie  ,  oi ; 


CLARK'S  ST.  YLVCKXT  CAMPAIGN.  101 

had  been  supplied  witli  ammunition  one  blast  from  one  of  the 
larire  cannon  within  the  Fortress  would  have  scattered  the  as- 
saulting1 force  like  the  earlv  spring  Howers  are  scattered  r.nd 
pei'i-h  before  sheets  of  desolating  wintry  storm.  It  cannot  1  e 
denied  that  iF  (Jo\ernor  JIamillon  had  possessed  ammunition 
he  could  have  driven  oil'  the  assailant.-  as  easy  as  the  tempest 
-hakes  the  rain  drops  from  the  bending  forest.  This  attack 
«.n  the  old  Fort  with  (lint-lock  musket-  without  producing  any 
damairine;  result  has  nlwav-  remindei!  the  intelligent  reader 
of  the  si  1 1  v  attempt  of  the  Chinese  to  sea  re  off  the  al  lied  forces 
under  the  command  of  Lord  Lli/ni  when  thev  approached 
1'ekin  in  iMiu.  They  as-einbled  innumerable  hordes  of  Chi- 
nese armed  with  .u'onu's.  and  bv  the  noise  they  could  make 
wore  expected  to  scare  o|f  the  allied  Forces.  .15 nt  the  allies 
were  not  Frightened  away.  To  Use  the  lane;iia:_re  of  Lord 
Klinn.  in  his  report.  "1  u'ave  the  order  to  sack  and.  destroy  the 
Favorite  residence  of  the  emperor,  and  it  would  then  become 
a  solemn  act  of  retribution.  The  palaces  were  cleared  o|' 
every  valuable  and  their  walls  destroyed  bv  (ire  and  sword." 

How.  then,  was  the  capture  of  the  old  fort  actually  accom- 
plished by  (Jen.  ( 'la  rk  on  Kebrua  rv  "Jo.  1  1  1  !>  '?  1 1  was  the  wa  nt 
of  provisions  and  ammunition,  and  the  Fact  that  starvaiu  n 
eon  Fronted  its  inmates.  It  is  well  known  that  (Joy.  Hamilton 
tried  to  temporixe  and  seek  delay  in  the  hope  in  the  mean- 
time h  is  expected  supplies  and  I'e-in  Foivemellts  Would  arriU:. 
Hut  (Jen.  ('lark  prudently  refused  to  Li'ive  anv  time.  (Jov. 
Hamilton  knew  he  could  ifet  no  -up plies  or  provisions  from 
the  French  inhabitants  of  the  village,  who  were  all  bosiiK  to 
his  cans;'.  This  entire  want  oF  provisions  and  ammunition 
induced  him  to  hold  the  conference  with  (Jen.  ('lark  in  the  <ud 
church  near  the  Fort,  when  he  signed  the  following  article^. 
of  capitulation.  |-"ebi-uarv  ''~>.  Kl'.1: 


V     nf     ollicer-     ilinl      IIH'I)      111      M-     expediency,     the     1  \>  )|  1<  i  IV.  I .].  • 

term.-  allowed,  an.'!  lastly,  the  conlideiic"  in  a  generous  enenr  . 

I  I  i:\KV    I  FA  MILTON. 
/,/'  iiL-dui'i  i'1/iji'  iii/il  ^u  in  ri /i  / <' n i!<'ii  / . 

And  in  con>oqueiice  of  llii-  -urreiider  the  lla--  of  (Jie.a 
Mriiain  va>  lowered  ami  possession  of  th.-  fun  -unvndered  i  i 
Virginia.  In  ihi-  connection  the  truth  of  historv  rrijuii-cs  a 
fanciful  incident  to  he  spoiled  \\liicli  has  been  cin-ulatcd  in 
this  jilai-c  for  many  years.  It  ha-  'iccii  said  that  the  . \incricar, 
tlaLT  \vas  lioi.-tcd  nvt-i1  the  i'.irt  after  the  siinvndt'r.  If  any  ila.: 
was  lioisti'd  i;  was  the  ila^  itL'  \'ir.u'inia.  as  Col.  ('lark  was  in 
command  nf  A  irii'inia  troops,  acting  umlei'  a  coiiiniission  oj 
the  governor  of  that  State.  \  ai'ious  [•'reiich  wonirn  ha\e  ln-un 
named  as  liavini:  made  llic  Star  Suaii^led  llaniiei-  that  wa;. 
hoi-ted.  Hut  tin-  Siar  Spangled  I'lann-i1  had  no  i-xisU'iK-e  ai 
tliat  date,  which  was  Kehruarv.  17 1!'.  The  Star  Span^'ie  1 
Manner  i-  a  Lrrmvth  rather  than  a  creation.  The  ilair-  used 
during  ihe  IlfVuhuionarv  \\  a  r  wei'c  the  various  Hair-  of  tlie 
-e\  -ral  revolted  colonies  lie  fore  and  after  the  I  >edarat  ion  «  :' 
Independence.  Tin  Stars  and  Stripes  then  had  no  e.xisienc  •. 
and  after  it  was  adopted  underwent  manv  (  lian^es  lie  fore  la!v- 
iii.i:  the  -hap-  at  present  e-taMi-hed.  hnrin-'  the  revolution 
each  of  the  colonies  had  it-  own  lla^.  That  of  \  ii'^'inia  wa-  of 

.   with  a   heroic  figure  -landing  eroct  and  armed,  with  or'.e 

('not   upon  the  neck  of  a   pror-trate  fonn  witn  {he  motto.  ">"• 

-  ,••  T>/rniiiiix."      I  i'  a  M  '.    llai:  wa-  IP  M  -led  a  I.  the  t  ime  o\  •  r 

the  old   t'ori   u'heii   ii   wa-  -ui'i'endered  to  Co!,  ('lark  in   I-'eiira- 

arv,    177'.1.    il    .;:.-   the   :';  _    of    \'iri:inia.      N"   person    in    Via- 

.  al   '    ai   eai          •  i'i< id.  could  have  ma' !e 

a   ';;._'  <  :'    \    -_:'  ia.      1:    i-   pfo  ia  i'e   no   :'a_-  wa-   raisi-d   unless 

•       • '  ..  •    i  .    .   i    arl       I'oiiL    '  .      Mnt    il    i>  more  HM- 

•    ho  •',,  _   wa  -  ra  i-'-d.  i    e   .     im'-  hcini:'  coii- 

'I'lie    ilale   of   -ui'i'dider    was    Ivfoii  u    ra:-;i.Lr 


cra/.e  !i;i<!  arrived.  And  why  has  not  tin-  important  share 
borne  hv  Father  (iibauli  in  this  important  alTair  been  prop- 
erly acknowledged  and  compensated  ':  This  neirlect  and  wani 
'if  recognition  of  valuahle  services  rendered  hy  the  missionary 
fathers  in  the  Northwest  is  in  the  main  dm-  ID  their  own  want 
of  desiring  any  such  recognition.  A  celebrated  historian  in 
alluding  to  t h is.  sa  vs  : 


LVv.  Pierre  (iihault  wa-  DIIC  D|'  these  missionaries  and  acted 
upon  the  principle  laid  down  in  the  parahle  as  recorded  i;i 
Luke,  chanter  1>.  verse  11:  "1  tell  you  thi^  man  went  dn\vn 
ID  hi-  limix'  justilk'd  ratlier  tlian  the  other:  for  every  one  Uiu!~ 
exalteth  liimsell'  shall  he  ahased:  and  he  that  liuini)leth  lniii- 
seli'  >hall  h ••  exalted." 

1  le  d  id  make  a  n  Hides  t  rei|iiesi  that  a  >mall  lot  in  the  v  ilia  •_£ 
of  ('aholxia  -Inuild  he  ^iN'en  him.  In  reference  to  this  ivque.  i, 
(ioveriior  St.  ('lair  in  his  report,  dated  in  ll'.H.  to  Mr.  .JeJl'ei- 
sun.  M'eretai-y  of  stiite,  says : 

"No.  •>  I  i-  the  ri'qiiesi  of  Mr.  Gihauh  for  a  small  lot:  lhat 
ha>  hui^'  lieeii  in  the  iiccii | »a I  HID  of  the  priests  at  Calnikia.  ha\'- 
iii^'  heel)  ;i"]Lfiied  them  h\-  the  I-'iviich.  It  is  true  he  was  veiy 
n.-e|'ul  to  (leu.  ('lark  upon  niaiiv  oei-asioiis.  and  has  siitl'ered 
vi-rv  heavv  losses.  I  believe  no  injnrv  WDidd  be  done  to  any 
one  by  hi-  rei|ii  'Sl  beiii^-  granted." 

Thi-  French  ^rain  was  within  the  stipulations  that  all  the 
grants  of  the  French  should  he  respected  and  confirmed.  \\iji 
tin-  modest  and  just  reijiiesi  of  l-'ather  (Jibault  was  nevt  r 
granted,  ami  tin1  last  Years  of  this  distinguished  and  able  111,111 
\\cre  passed  in  sutTerinii'  and  po\'ertv.  After  an  iletive  iile 
-pent  by  him  for  the  benefit  of  his  fellow  men  and  hi-  country 
In-  had  nothinir  to  show  for  it.  not  even  a  house  h,-  could  call 


lu-t 

hi.-  n  \\  n.     lie  i-iiiilil  truly  -ay  "\  In-  hird-  nf  t!ir  air  bavr  urst.-, 

aili!    ihe    I'dXrS   lli>le>.   hill     I    liaVr   llu   |'laee   In   la\    II1V   brail." 

.lii'!::'r  La\v  in  lii>  addivss  in  tin-  Viuermi  •-  lli-i<>rii-al  and 
Ant iijuai'ian  Sneirtv.  drlivrrrd  mi  Frhruarv  '!'!.  lx-i'.'.  ha-  thi- 

lii  -a  v  nf  I  ai  IHT  ( >  iha  n  !  l  : 

"\r\l  tn  ('lark  and  Vi_r<i.  tin  I'liilrd  Statr-  are  indehifl 
in  Lather  (Jibaull  fnr  tbr  aci-'ssinn  nf  the  Stairs  rmnpri-rii 
within  what  \va-  l  hr  i>ri'_:'ina  1  \nrtli\vrsi  Trrriint'v  nmrr  ih.an 
tn  any  ni  her  ma  n." 

This  address  \vr  imte  \va-  d.rlivrrrd  three  yrars.  laekinu1  a 
inontli.  after  the  death  nf  ('»!.  \  11:'".  and  aft  T  he  had  made  a 
rmtarkahle  \vdl  ami  in  it  rnnlirined  the  i-ontrael  am!  employ- 
ment lit'  the  jiidnv  In  |i]'osrelUr  hi-  claim  i'iT  llle  -ll|ijille-  hi 
had  I'M  rid -lied  (ieii.  l.'lai'k  a-'ain-t  ibr  -•<  >\  i-rnnieiit.  ami  t"  take 
hi>  eiinijirii.-at  i«n  fnr  his  MT\  iee>  frnin  ibr  ainmnn  al  h  i\\'ed,  ny 

(  'nll^'l'e->.        \\!:\.     il     ':;,'.      lie     l'ea-"ll;lhl\     a.-ked.    did    .Illd^'e     La  U' 

•  jirefer  i  In-  s\  ni]ial  hei  ie.  -n  .  "  •  I'l  t,'  red  Sardin  i.".  n 
In  i  he  ma^iH'l  ie.  elin|iii-ii1  and  lean  -  Aiva<  ai  ':  \\  a-  i  t  iln 
Iniiir  l  hat  ii  \\'n;dd  Ma-ii-n  and  -I  in  dale  the  pa>-a^'e  n|  | 


"Trill  h  ei'ii-1  e.l  in  ea  rl  -e  auain. 

The  I'tei'nal     ear-  nf  ( i       are  hers  : 

I  ill  I     I'lTl  ip    \\  nil  ill  !i'l  1.    \\Ti  1  i  1'  '-    \\   !l 

The-e   Ml  !--!"M;  n  I  !  ie   1|  1  i -- l<  "I  IS    i  !l    1 11' 

N'n I'l  •    \\  e-1      \\      ''.  •  I.        Th'''\ 

Mi:'-     n  ,.  .  '  .'      I  i..' 

,    . '.  •       •    ••.     _      • '  ,    •    '        i.'ii   -eeni  -  <>f  i  hi-  unfriend       \\-<  ,r!n 

M  1 1  \  v  1 1    ;  i 


Ci. ARK'S  ST.   VINCENT  CAMPAIGN.  105 


••Softly  and  noiselessly  some  feet  tread. 
Lone  ways  on  earth  \vithout  leaving  a  mark: 
They  move  'mid  the  living,  thev  pass  to  vlie  dead, 
AS  still  as  the  gleam  of  a  star  thro  the  dark. 
Lonelv  and  hiddenlv  in  the  world 
Tlio  in  the  world  ''tis  their  loi  to  stay 
Tlie  1  ivnmlous  wings  of  their  heart-  arc  f iii'leil 
I'ntil  they  lly  from  the  world  away 
And  find  their  rest 
On  our  Fa i lier's  ' uvast 

Where  earths  unknown  -hall  he  known  the  best. 
And  the  hidden  hearv  shall  hi-  brightest,  best." 

It  has  been  frequently  said  that  KVpuhlies  are  ungrateful 
Tip-  truth  of  this  trile  saving  is  fon-ihlv  illustrated  by  th& 
t  ivat  mciii  of  I  he  Fedora!  *  iovernmeni  towards  three  men, 
who.  ahovo  all  others,  were  die  main  instruments  in  wresting 
from  Fngland  the  territorv  northwest  of  the  liiver  <3hio.  au.l 
dierehy  paving  die  \\'ay  for  its  ultimate  aei|uisition  through 
Virginia  of  diat  vast  and  fertile  eounirv  out  ol'  which  the  live 
I'ieh  and  populous  States  ol!  Ohio.  Indiana.  Illinois.  Michigan 
and,  \\'isconsin  have  been  carved  and  added  to  the  sisterhood  of 
States.  T!i.-  three  men  alluded  to  are  1'ierre  ("Jiliault.  George 
li'oLi'er.-  Clai'k  and  Fi'ancis  Tigo.  T.hev  all  went  to  their  graves 
in  a  vt-rv  similar  condition,  and  all  present  a  parallel  ol'  gov- 
ernment neglect  in  considerat  ion  nf  patriotic:  and  valuable 
services  rendered  the  government  without  n  counterpart  in 
die  a  i.i  i! a  I-  of  hisiorv. 

1\Y\.  Pierre  (iibauli  \\~as  a  l:"i'eueh  missionai'v  Catholic 
priest  that  -pent  his  entire  life  al'ter  completing  his  ed;i,a- 
linii  in  lab.iring  incessnntly  for  the  good  of  his  trdlo\\-  men  in 
die  wilderness  of  the  northwest.  He  was  linely  edueaterl.  of 
ciiinmandinG'  presence,  superior  oratorical  power-  and  DOS.- 

•  I  I  1  i 

-r--ed  magnetic  realities.     [Te  exeivisi-il  unbounded  inilueiici 


lotj  A     Il!-T»KY    UI"     VlM    KNNK-. 

e\ev  th.e  i  nlia  i  'i  i.in  i-  of  llh  entire  rountrv.  a-  he  had  vifiinl 
and,  mini-tered  ai  all  tht  nii--ion  -latiot^  in  ihe  cniiiiirv. 
'1  '  <  inhabitant-  Were  alnin-i  eXehiMVelv  Fn-neh  or  of  Fr<  in  h 
d'  -eeni.  and  Cathoiio.  I-' rom  1  ^n  to  1  ]  Mo  lii-  intlueiiee  over 
ihe  inhahitaiils  wa>  unlimited.  lie  \va-  the  ahl  •-!  man  in  ihe- 
i-oiintrv  at  that  time.  lie  dio  more  to  ha\e  the  Northwot 
Territory  >eveivd  from  Finland  than  anv  other  man.  Il  may 
heelaimed  with  nuieli  reason  thai  ihe  'Xpedilions  thai  iii!- 

ated  in  [he  i-oiii]Ue>t  "i'  ihi  iiorthwoi  was  inspired  hv  hii  i 
in  ron-eijiieiiee  of  information  furni-hed  hy  him  to  some  of 
ihe  nianv  d i-l  inu'ii i-hed  Fr'-neh  otlieers  \\'ho  eanii'  over  and  a-- 
-i-ied  the  eolonies  in  ihe  war  for  independence.  The  l>riti:-ii 
a  ut !  10  n  lie-  in  ( 'an  a  da  in  an  ullirial  re]  ion  made  in  1  1  i  >.  mai\o 
-jweial  refVreiiee  lo  him  a-  lieiiii;'  ill'-  most  i'-anied.  inlltienl  ,al 

daiiLi'eroii-  eiiemv  of  lirni-h  intcrot.-  of  anv  man  thai  had. 

eared  in  tiie  iionhwe.-i.  And  all  he  did  wa-  done  at  ^r.  ,U 
peisoiial  n-i,.  a-  he  \\  a-  e  la  inn  d  hy  ihe  I'ln^'lish  tu  he  a  I»rit  i.-h 
-iihj'i-t.  and  al-oai  heavv  peeuniarv  lo».  ||j~  ^reat  M'l'vier- 

Wel'e    uftell     aekllowlei  |^ei  I     111     ofli.-iai     I'ejlort-    of     Vai'loll-     kill':- 

and    iie\er  ijiie-t  ioiied.      1  '<  >  1 1 1  j "  •  1 1  -a  1 1  "i  i  -    for   hi-    lo--  and    vai- 

a    ile   -.•!".  .'•••-   Were   pmmix  d.   'mil    ill-'    pfollll-e-   \\   'I'e   DeVel1   iiil- 

A  fier  a   Ii  fe  of  toil  and  pri\  at  ion  m  the  wi  hlenie-^  !:•• 

I  raei  ed     ioilil\    inlirmil  ie-    ineideni    lo   hi.-  ardiion-   lahoi  - 

Hi;;  .  -    ji'i'inilled    h\    the   ( ioxernmeni    to  .-pcml    ihe   la-1 

i  fe    Ml    -llllerillL!    alld     Waill     without     rVell    a     !l"U.-e 

.••  eon  d    i-ail    in-    ''-'.:!.    and    hi-    remain-,   ai'ier   death.    we;\ 
.    m      ' '      _ "i'a  \  •  -\  a  I'd  _ra  \  e  remai  n-  to  i  hi- 

•  •    -  •       -hi- 


CLARK'S  ST.   V  INCH  NT  CAMPAIGN.  107 

through  whose  courage,  indomitable  will  and  stubborn  deter- 
iniiiiUion  lo  accomplish  his  purpose  regardless  of  opposition 
or  danger  survived  his  brilliant  achievements  in  the  north- 
west thirty-nine  years.  He  died  at  Locust  Grove,  near  Loui--- 
ville.  Kentucky.  February  13.  iSLx  lie  was  buried  in  a  coun- 
try grave-yard  Februarv  Is.  IN  Is.  The  last  years  of  the 
life  of  this  hero  and  patroit  were  also  spent  in  ])ennry  ana 
pain.  Tie  depended  upon  the  charitv  of  friends  for  even  th'> 
necessaries  of  life.  He  sull'ered  before  liis  death  a  paralytic 
stroke,  and  to  save  his  life  his  left  leg  was  amputated  above 
the  knee.  .In  this  distressed  and  disabled  phvsical  condition 
he  lingered  many  years  before  his  death.  He  petitioned  Con- 
gress for  a  small  appropriation  of  nioiiev  to  sustain  him  Li 
his  declining  years.  The  appropriation  was  never  made  iit 
hi-  lifetime,  and  never,  so  far  as  1  know,  but  which  if  ever 
granted  did  him  no  benefit,  and  went  to  collateral  relatives 
who  had  not  conic  to  his  relief  in  his  hour  of  distress.  He 
was  never  married  and  left  no  issue,  ilis  remains,  after  his 
death,  remained  neglected  for  over  fifty  years  in  the  country 
u'rave-vard  where  he  was  buried  among  manv  others.  .No 
mark  was  pi, iced  over  his  grave  lo  indicate  the  place  of  inter- 
ment. .Here  they  remained  until  private  persons,  in  .ISijli. 
determined  to  disinter  them  and  give  them  proper  sepulture, 
in.  Cave  Hill  cemeterv.  adjoining  Louisville.  Ky.  Great  dilil- 
•cultv  was  experienced  in  finding  his  remains.  Seven  or  eight 
bodies  were  dug  up  in  the  t|iiest.  and  finally  they  were  found 
and  identified,  b\'  the  want  of  his  left  leg.  which  had  U  c;i 
amputated  above  tin-  knee.  And  thus  over  fiftv  year-  aflc1' 
the  death  of  this  hero  and  pat  roit  hi-  remains  were  t  rails  for  red 
from  ihe  loiielv  count  rv  if  ra  \v-vard  and  buried  on  October  "»'?, 
isi'iii.  m  ('ave  Hill  cemeterv.  that  beautiful  ciiv  of  the  dead, 
and  a  suitable  monument  erected  over  hi-  grave. 

i  will  conclude  this  brief  review  of  the  la-i  davs  and,  burial 


'  >.  in\   i -i  .inn  ry  !  my  cuuni  rv  ! 

1  l;n!    !    -f  I'Vfd    lilV  (iud   \vill)   halt'   the  /.fa] 

I   have  -efVfd  thff.  hi'  \vnuid  iiui  in  mint-  a^.' 

i  lave  If  ft   inr  naked,  like  a  -hat  if  ivd 

!  '>a  i'k  'Mi  i  lie  .-i  pea  in  uf  time. 

Krai;.-i-  ViLTu.a  S,i  i-c!  inian  l>v  liirili  aii'i  a  successful    Indian 

t  ra  i  lei1.  \vas  lut-aifd  in  1  "  ',  >  at  I  he  silt-  on  tlif  M  i--U-i  jipi  \l:\    r 

\vlieiv  ihe   prf-fin    rirv  nt'   Si.    Louis  MO\V  stand.-.      I  l.f  \v,i-  a 

xc a luus  (',ul  inl  ic  at  t'iif  tinif  ami  \va.-  a  nuMiilifi1  nt.'  ihf  L-on.n'r-'- 

_    I  mi  iii'  Kailu1!1  diliaull.     lie  \va.-  indiiffil  liv  tlif  ffi|iif-t  and 

ii  lice  i>i'  Iiis  pa>ii»r  i"   fiifiii-h  lli  •  iift-fssarv  nifan-  in  a.  - 

fnni]i]i>li   ilif  foiiijiii  .-I   nl    ilv  furl   at    St.   Vim-fill,  \vlinv  i!if 

pffM-iil   fily  ni'  \  iiifi-inio  iiu\v  r-tiimls.      llf  siirvivfil   tlif  ~Ui;- 

fi»ful  faj'tt'.ff  nl'  tlif  f'lri.  fur  tli-  af<-uiii]ilishiiif in  uf  \\iiii-h 

!if  iiad   fiiin  ril'iilfil   ~n   miifli.   fur  U\IT  si\t\'   viiar>.     Thi 

\vaf-  ni;  hi-  lif,,  \vfiv  -ju.ni  in  Vim-.-iMii-s.   II  •  ilii-il   Maivh  •»-.'. 

ls-"iii.  aflff  a   Inn--  ,ind   I in.u'f fiiiu   illness,  and    I'nr  nian\p  \  \ir- 

;•'•  hi-  drath  \va-  in  arinal  want  uf  i-vcii  the  iifff»ai'if-  nf 

ff  and  \va-  in  i'falil\  a  [M  n-iuiif  r  mi  tin-  charily  ( if  tin-  j  mi  i!  if. 

!!••  |i -i  11  lulled  ( '(  III-TI'-.-  in  allu\\   him  in  hi-  dfstitutf  fuiidilinn 

•  nmiifv  advain-fd    hv  him   In  aid   lln    f\])fdiliun   in  caj'UKx1 
•    i    furl   at   tin.-  plai-f.      I'.iit   ihi-  j'u-i  claim,  aliliuu^h   it-  ;•.;;•.- 

•  '  ;   \\a-  madf  a  hart  uf  the  cun.-iilf ration  in  In-  jiaid  h\   '  <  n- 
Life--   fui1  ;;..-  f'--iun    :  ',    \  ifu'inia    in  ihf   1'ederai   (  m\  ern  nieiii . 

-    i]  ]  ,  •  i  ,|  i  ;  t-  ,-     ,        i 

,'  ,:  -      III     ,  f  >'      pa  l<  I      n\       1  lie     (  iu\  rfllllli    111      i  I  Ii  I'l  ll_;      t  llf      lite     u  j  ..I. 

\    _ ' '.     1 1 1-  ilii-d  '.'.  i  I  liuiii   i--iie  "i1  an  v  knu\vn  n-lai  iviv-  li\   Id'  i.  ni. 
and  •        '  i-i      i\    i  lie  (  n i\  •  m inein    furl  \    vca r~  a  f h- " 

•  '    •  '      In     fe|at  i\  e-    iif     hi-    ehihfh--     tt'i  ff    \\dlu    di' 

e.  'me  in       -   ' •,     .      ..,•._       -     i  ff  and   in  I  In-  li'Hir  uf  lii-  'H.-- 

!  /•   --  .         i  1  '      V,  ;i-    :  ill  r  M     '  |  ill  u|  ji  •    c  f  lllf  1 1  T\'    uf     \    i  llfelllle-      i\ 

ieii-f .  -u  fa  r  a-  a  nv  f  \  jif  n-f  ;i1  tfiidi  n^'  !iis 
:       •  ••         .  -       '    e|    ...     T    '      n !     e  \  )i,.n-e  u|'  h  i-  fu  n  'fa !  '  '.'••' 


CLARK'S  ST.    YINCKNT  CAMI-AI<;N.  10P 

paid  was  twenty  dollars  fur  hi.-  plain  cotlm,  which  \vas  noi 
paid  until  forty  years  after  his.  death,  1  Tc  was  awarded  a  mil- 
itary funeral  with  the  honors  of  war,  and  the  evening  of  h;s 
funeral,  whieh  the  author  attended.  \vas  spent  in  firing  cannon 
over  his  grave.  But  this  military  display  did  no  good  for  tire 
hero  and  patroit.  as  his  spirit  had  taken  its  flight  and  his  body 
had  heeii  Imried  to  return  to  dust  from  whence  it  eame.  He 
was  Imried  in  the  public  cemetery,  as  a  Ire  ad  v  stated,  and  no 
mark  or  monument  was  erected  over  his  grave  to  mark  his 
last  resting  place  for  many  years  after  his  death.  After  the 
lapse  of  many  years  some  unknown  person  caused  a  plaiu, 
Hiiall  >lab  of  sione  to  he  laid  on  the  top  of  his  grave,  bui  so 
long  after  his  death  that  the  date  thereof  had  been  forgotten 
and  an  erroneous  date  of  his  death  carved  on  the  small  stone 
lying  tlat  on  the  grave.  And  there  he  yet  lies  in  a.  neglected 
grave  except  when  the  (Jrand  Armv  of  the  KVpublic  on  Me- 
morial day  scatters  (lowers  over  the  graves  of  the  heroic-  dead. 
"Xir  transit  yloi'ifi  niundi. 


110 


A     I  I  [-TiiKY    <>}'     \'lN(    KNVK- 


UIAI'TKR   XIV. 

i'i  I;F,  I'KoTi'X'TtoN . 

).-,,,.  manv  vt-iirs  after  X'incennes  was  settled  there  was  no 
pro\i-ioii  maile  of  any  kind  for  the  extinguishment  of  lire-. 
1 1'  a  lire  hroke  out  in  any  part  of  the  town  it  was  left 
to  I,,.  Con-In  hv  it-  inmate-  and  their  nei^hhors.  with  -udi 
appliances  as  could  he  readily  procured  for  use.  This  condi- 
tion "f  ail'air-  and  want  of  preparation  in  case  of  emergency, 
continued  to  exist  lon.u1  after  municipal  or-ain/at  ion  had 
taken  place  in  !>"'.  The  old  P><>r<>ui:h  of  \  iiu-eiuu-s  1'">k  no 
immediate  -tep  in  the  direction  of  aiding  in  the  exiin.irnish- 
inent  of  lire-  or  providing  any  appliance-  for  that  purpose. 
Thi-  t'lial  Deflect  of  lire  protection  "D  the  part  of  the 
hoiMii^h  authorities,  was  in  part  due  to  the  fact,  that  no  neces- 
-itv  was  felt,  a-  the  place  had,  never  hern  vi-ited  hy  any  de- 
structive tiro.  Hut  with  the  increase  of  population  thi-  could 
not  ]oD'_r  continue.  In  1>1'.'.  the  h<>ri>u:di  trustees  pa--e,|  an 
ordinance  to  provide  six  lire  hook-  and  six  ladder.-  thirty  feet 
IOIIL;'.  and  iv<jiiiivd  ever\  familv  to  provide  it. -elf  with  two  two 

Lralloj|    leather   hllcket-.       These   hlleket-    Were    to    he  kept    hy    the 

inhal'Mant-  a!  their  homes  and  ln'ou^'hl  hv  them  to  anv  lire 
that  miLi'ht  occur.  !'>ui  manv  families  failed  to  pr"\  ide  the 
hiieket.-.  maiiv  were  IM-I  ,,r  dot  roved  and  niiinv  failed  to  hrii!Lr 

their   hllcket-    to    a     lire.        In    ca.-e    of   a     life    wllel-e    tlle-e    hllckets 

Wel'e    to    lie    used,    IWo        lilies     \VelV      formed      I'eilcll  i  ll_i:'    to    -ome 

ppl     .        AhillU     "Hi-    the    elllpt  V     hllcket  -    Wel'i'    pa-Seil     to 

i"-   ii  i    water  and   alon--  the   other    t  he    l.iickei  -    \\  lien 

wer-e    pa--ed    i"  he   u-ed    at    the   lire.      This  arranireineDl 

wa-  \er       i 'ffect.      I  i'  the  tire  was  DI>!    Dear  a  water  supplv. 

i!  wa-  pra    tieallv  i !-,•],•--.     In  eoii-i'ijUence  of  a  de-triicti\e  lire 

i  in  tl      -tore  of  ( ,eor-e  ( 'rink-hank  \  ( 'o..  -it- 

'•'  !i   the   i    irl  hea-i    -ill     of    Main   -t  iv.-i    hci  uvm 


FIUK  PROTECTION,  1 1 1 

First  and  Second  street-,  which  entirely  consumed  all  the 
buildings  nn  the  -<|iiarc  except  the  storeroom  of  Y\  illiain 
Hunch  on  the  corner  of  First  -tree!  and  the  storeroom  of 
Thoma-  I>ishop  on  tlie  corner  of  Second  street,  the  borough 
authorities  were  aroused  to  the  neccssit  v  of  providing  better 
protection  for  the  town.  A  hand  lire  engine  was  purchased 
from  Philadelphia  and  a  volunteer  lire  company  was  organ- 
i/ed  to  use  it.  A  building  WMS  erected  on  the  allev  adjoining 
the  Citv  Hall  front  ini:  on  Main  street.  This  company  existed 
for  inanv  years  and  was  the  onlv  lire  companv  organ  i/ed  for 
the  ext  ingu ishment  of  lire-.  Frodc'l'ick  A.  Reilev  was  em- 
ployed to  take  care  of  this  engine,  and  keep  it  in  order.  As 
this  companv  could  not  all'ord  satisfactory  lire  protection, 
another  hand  engine  \vas  purchased,  and  a  house  erected  for  it 
about  midwav  on  the  -outhwe-t  side  of  Broadway  between 
Third  and  Fourth  street*,  and  another  volunteer  fire  eom- 
panv  was  or^anixeil  for  its  use.  .lames  A.  Plummer  was  ein- 
])loved  to  take  charge  of  this  engine  and  keep  it  in  order. 
Tliere  existed  between  these  two  volunteer  companies  u'l'eat 

rivalry  as  thev  each  wished  to  b-  useful  and  to  be  the  lirst 
at  a  lire  and  throw  the  first  water  on  anv  lire.  <  Mi  this  account 
many  <kirmishes  took  place  lieiu'eeii  the  member.--  of  the  two 
volunteer  companies  as  to  which  one  should  have  possession 
of  the  cistern  or  other  water  >il|(])lv  ami  during  the  struggle 
between  them,  the  burning  building  was  entnvlv  lost  sight 
of.  l>ut  thcsi1  t\vo  volunteer  lire  companies,  although  the 
members  used  their  utmost  exertions  to  extinguish  all  lire- 
lha'  occurred,  did  but  verv  little  good.  The  members  being 
scattered  at  their  home-  or  place-  of  business  in  ease  of  a  lire 
alarm,  took  -oine  time  for  a  sullic-ieiit  number  to  arrive  at  the 
engine  house,  locale  the  place  of  the  lire  and  to  be  in  siiHi- 
eielil  force  to  enable  them  io  move  the  engine  and  other  ap- 
paratus to  the  fire.  The  result  was  that  when  they  arrived  at 
the  lire,  i;  had  progressed  so  far  as  to  be  beyond  relief  and  all 


A    Hi-  i  »i;y   "r    VIM  I:NM 


•,.,.  companies  riiuld  do  was  to  endeavor  in  -avr  adj- 
.,,,,,„  nv_  _\nd  although  a-  stated,  ihr  i\v«>  tire  cnnipanie.-  u-,-d 
,),,  ;,•  l,,.^i  riideavnr-  i"  extinguish  a  tire,  ii  i-  ii"t  ivmrded  that 
,1,,-v  ,-vrr  -ueceed  'd  in  >avinir  ;mv  huildinii  that  took  lire,  hut 
i!  ,l;U-i  he  -aiil  m  their  rtvdit  they  always  succeeded  in  saving 
tli,  I,,]  upon  uiiirli  the  house  stn.id. 

]  n  \  j,.\\  , ,['  ihr  imperfect  protect  inn  in  ea.-c  of  lires  providrd 

i  n--iiir-  and  ihr  viilunteer  !iiv  roinpanies.  tin-  city 

cil   mi   tin-    1'th  January.    l>i<».   passed   an   nrdinancr  I'm1 

in,-  rinpliiviiiriit  i  if  a   paid   lire  d'-partmeiit.     A  strain   tlrr  m- 

Lritie  \\-;i-  pnn-ha-rd  and  it  was  thought  thai  there  \va-  m>ihinur 

:  r  \vav  n|'  lire  pmti-etinii  thai   was  imt   thru   pmvidcd.      li 

\    -     •     fad    i-laiiin-d    thai     'lie    plus   ultra"   could    lie   devised. 

Tii:-  -i  MIII   tire  i-M^iiii'  was  ri-rtainly  a  ^rivai  advance  over  all 

pl-rVinll-    ,111  rill  pis    In    pl'"\'id"    lllrilll-    fnl'    lllr    r  \  1  i  II -'11  i -ll  1 1 1 ' '! !  1    ol 

liiv-.      i'liii    in    view   of    ihr   adniiralilr    system   thai    ha-    -i 
!,...-!    •,'•..•'..,  i  a  1 1  d   now  in  r\  i-iriicr.  ilii-  steal  n  engine  wa-  a- 
i    i-  i  in    -  in  eoiuparir-oii  with  the  pr<'Srnt  -y>ii-m 
-  'hi    di  iVri'riii   -y-ti-ni-  lhai   had    preci'ded    it . 

In    l^i'i    ihr    rit\    ci.inii-ii    anthiiri/.rd    ihr    con-triict inn    "f 

A'aii-r  wi>rk-   fur  ih-    i-itv.      I   itili-r   thi-  nrdinancr  a    cninpli'i.- 

h  r  -iijip!\   ha-  lirrii  iihiaiiin!   fur  ihr  n-r  nf  ihr  citi/rii-  and 

f    ihr    !in-  depart!!!--!!!.      Tin-    water    wnrks   plain    creeti-d   ha- 

i!"  -upi  r  "I1    n  ai      .-it       '     the  -tale.     The  water  inwi-i1  i-  iiVi-r 

.        •  '     a  ll'i  il'd-     aillplr     pl-f.-r-lin-     In     el 

'ii'-   ('re   iv  iiii  pa  n  ii  -    tn   lhrn\\    -e\rral    -ifi-ain-   nf    \\aii-r   ai    the 

'   nil    i  ivi-r   i  he   liiL'hr-i    1 111  i  Id  in-'-   in    i  he   i-ii  v.   no  ni;il  i'T 

•  •    '    *      ma  v  in-  h  iraied.     And   in  cninn-rt  ii.n  with  a  ;  i.-rfrct 

-,-••"    -•   ,'..•••       til1.         inn-,  thai   ha-  hn-n  a!-n  pri  >\  ided.  the 

-     :    -     .    i  Ih  '         I  ]  l'i>\  ided      WM  ll    til'e   ]>!''  >1  '••-- 

-       ,],..         I     ]        ,.]  ,  •      -,        I     til'r    -y-li-|| 

'•-      •    ,      .  ,          ir.-n      i'i  .flllrd        I  ll'i       hi'll-r-     i    1'relrd       fill1      I  111        I'eei       ll 

'  .    '       -,  I   !l'-e     ||i  'll-e-     a  1'r     -it  Ilillr,  ]      ill      dl  ll'i    1'e  1 1  1      '  ;  11  ;1  !'- 

'••I'-  '      '  '      -i     •       •      '  •      •    •     a  n  \    u  i  1 1   he   iit-a  r  1  lir  h  "-at  inn 

'  ,        •       '  i          !|     i  f     1  lie    rjl  V.          FilV 


FIHE  PROTECTION.  113 

Company  Xo.  [  is  located  in  a  brick  building  on  Fourth  street, 
midwav  between  Main  and  Yip.)  streets,  of  which  companv 
J.  J.  Anderson  is  captain.  This  companv  i-  also  provided  with 
a  'Bahcock  lire  extinguisher  and  the  most  improved  anil  per- 
fect hook  and  ladder  appliances  manufactured.  Company 
Xo.  '2  i-  located  in  a  brick  building  on  the  corner  of  Sixth 
and  Harrison  streets  and  James  J.  lledden  is  the  captain, 
('ompany  Xo.  :}  is  located  in  a  brick  building  on  the  corner  of 
Second  street  and  Railroad  avenue  and  Ilenrv  II.  Miller  is 
captain.  The  chief,  engineer  of  the  entire  lire  department  of 
the  city  is  (ieorge  Feiidrich.  who  has  been  retained  in  that 
position,  for  nianv  vear-.  until  he  has  become  perfectly  famil- 
iar with  ail  the  detail-  of  his  position.  And  the  tire  depart- 
ment a-  now  organi/ed  i-  readv  at  a  moment's  warning  to  com- 
mence operations  on  any  lire  that  mav  break  out  in  anv  ipiar- 
ter  of  ill,-  city  and  as  often  happens,  the  lire  department  will 
lie  on  hand  to  light  the  tin-  before  the  immediate  neighbors 
are  aware  of  its  existence  and  in  some  case-  before  the  inmates, 
of  the  house  know  it  is  on  firi-. 

It  i-  not  probable  that  anv  lire  that  may  occur  in  any  part 
of  the  citv  will  have  anv  show  or  chance  of  success  when  con- 
fronted bv  our  ellicient  and  faithful  lireineii.  The  alarm  of 
lire  IK»W  occasions  no  confusion  or  misgiving  in  the  mind-  of 
our  citizen?,  and  very  few  go  to  it.  onlv  asking  where  ir  is 
located.  They  all  fee]  that  the  lire  department  will  pav  it- 
re.-pects  to  the  destroying  element  and  prevent  any  si-noil?  re- 
sult. 

In  view  of  this  the  eiti/ens  of  Yineennes  now  feel  perfectly 

secure  and  think  their  residence-  and  hu-ine--  houses  are  per- 
fectly -eciire  from  destruction  Kv  lire  so  far  as  it  i-  possible 
for  human  airem-ie-  to  secure  ih"iu.  This  seciirit_v  a.ct-  a-  a 
-limulanl  to  encourage  and  promote  the  huilding  up  of  the 
citv  in  full  confidence  that  what  thev  hulld  will  sustain  no 
loss  bv  lire. 


11 1 


A    II  I.-TI  >I:Y   "i-    VIM  I:N  NKS. 


il      'J|-J.       It    i-   -tatnl    ill    1  llf   <hli-ii,'<-    alHiaU    1  hill     IliailV    llliliail 

rntivrrts  a--istri]  in  it-  fivi-tinii.  h  \\a-  huili  "f  timlirrs  -<•! 
HI  riul  ain!  tlii-  inter--! ice-  iilln!  with  ailuhc.  It  h;i'l  ;i  ilirt 
\'»'>r.  hi'tirlit's  niii!  ;i  I'm!"  iiltjir.  h  hud  DO  \vitiilu\v>  or  npi'ii- 
iiiLr  r\ri']it  tin'  ilniir  in  thr  imrtlnvrst  end  1',-irinu'  the  fnrt.  The 

M-i-'ilnl  I M^  rllUfcIl  \V;l>  litlill  ;lt  tile  l'ri|ni'-1  1 1  f  l'";lthrr  (iilijllllt. 
hi  ;l  irll'T  I"  till'  l>i-lli.|i  nf  (^llrhiT.  ihllr-1  M;1V  1  >"),  III' 

riti-:   "  \    MI-\V   |nur  fhnn-li  '-111  l>v    1'.'   fivl    lins  lict-ii   Iniili   Mini 

'    ••  ii  <:   i-luii'rh  h;i-  lii'i'ti   I'tli'il   up   In!1  inv  u>c  ;l>  a   pa-tnral  I'rs- 

!ii-«-/'      "I'lr-    sicuiiil    i-hun-li    ri-iiiaiiii'i!    -lanilini:"    until    thr 

[if  -'•in  lirick  i-lnin  I1  \va~  ['iiiit'nl  nviT.      It   \va>  thru  t"rn  iln\\'n 

;    'mill     l>-"t'l.       'I   lie    jifi-ctlt     hfick    rllllfrh     \\  a  -    |  ll'i 'ji-ct  ci]    liV     I»i-\. 

r       i  •      i  '  \  11"          ii 

•  i.    I).   (  haiii|i' iiniiT   in    !>.•).      Mr   -tici-r'nlcil    in   ra  1-1  ii'_;'   hi  in  Is 
1'"r  i'-  ffci-i  inn   ainl   MM    Maivh    Itli.    1s".'1'.  |Hilili>l)i-i|   iii>ti ••(•   in 

\Vi  -IITII  >  •':  that   tin'  rnnn  r  -imi.'  \vmi!il  IK-  laii]  mi   Mar.-li 

•  '".    }^'!<'>.      "\"-<    \vall>   nf  tlif  rliun-h   anil    thr   nml'   \vrri-   i-i»m- 

•'  i    tiiii.'   P.i-lh.n   r.riit.'  i-anir  in    !>:!  I.      'I'll.'  rhiir.-h 
:  ;  -    "'i-n   lin'-lh''!  liv  i! i tTi'i'i'iu   h'-hup-.  hut   \\a-  nut   I'ulh'  nitn- 

||'     '"il      '.:'<:  i!      !  S"'H.         'I'hrfr     ll;l\c     lirrll      'i\r     ni-lli)]!-     I'l'llll"  -In] 

.    '       ' '  :-  !  •  i-     I'fiiic.     1  [ailaii'liiM'c.      l»a/in.    St. 

I '  i        •••''.      T:  ,-...;••'  •  -•    an  '        "   n-- 

•-•''•  -    •  •  1 1  i'  1 1 1"  i  -a  1 

I ;' -'      i  i  :     •    •       _  • '        i  ,.',,',.     |  i ',  . ,  ,:  :.          ;iiii    i lh' 

1    .  ••       M|    •  i       -      :    ,  -   •  •  •   '      I'haP::'!',!     IM  t  hat    nf  "  I  iiiliana- 


CATHEDRAL    CHURCH. 


Ill, 


METHODIST    CHURCH 


l\Ki.u;iors.  117 

John  Merm.et.  Antoninus  Seiiat.  .Merctirin  Conic.  Sehast  inn 
Louis  Meiirin.  Pierre  DuJaunav.  Louis  Vivier.  Julian  Du\er- 
nav.  .Pierre  (iibault.  Louis  Pav-t.  Benedict  J.  Fla^ei.  Michael 
Levadoux.  John  F.  Rivet.  Donatieu  Oliver,  (i.  J.  ( 'hahrat.  Jo- 
seph Ilosati.  .Tol in  P>.  A(|tiironi.  Aniiiony  Pdanc.  Au^'u-iu- 
Jean  Jean-.  A.  Ferrari.  M.  Dohnii'ii,  John  L>.  ChuuipDinifr, 
S.  !'.  Laluinicrc.  Louis  X.  IViit.  Anthony  Tan-cr.  L.  1'iroi. 
John  I'ui'lif,  Colestine  Heiilandiero.  August  AFariin.  AFichacl 
K.  Sh;i\\-e.  Fi'iirst  Andrnu.  John  C'oiitin.  Bi-do  O'Connor,  Juhn 
( J  iii'intni.  Jlui.''li  IV-ytliicu.  Jainc-  Strriiili-v  and  Louis  (iiic- 

"•llcll. 

(if  tin1  above  pastors  sovc-n  ha\'c  reachcil  lii^h  posiiii'iti-  in 
i  In-  rliuivh.  l>ri!i'i|ici  J.  l-"lai;rt.  .Ilislioji  nf  r>an]sio\vi!  :  An- 
iliony  lilanc.  Aivhhi-hoi)  of  NTc-w  Orleans:  (,.  J.  I'habrat. 
l>i-lio|i  of  Louisville:  Au^'iisV  Alarlin.  ISi-hop  o[  .Narliiioches  : 
Jip~eip|i  IJo-aii.  J)islio|t  (it  Si.  Louis:  Celc-titte  llailandiere 
1  >i-ho|i  of  Vincuiiiies. 

The  coii^re^'Mt  ion  now  comprises  five  biiii("!iv-i'  t'amilie-  with 
a  membership  of  over  fifteen  hnndord  iiiembei'-. 

The  .M'eihciJisi  ehiu-i-h  was  founded  here  Aj>ril  1>.  1>'J>. 
l>e|orc  ihat  time  itinerant  ministers  o[  that  deiiomimition. 
occasionally  visited  the  "place  and  held  ?ei;viee>.  The  (ir-t  o[ 
these  \\'n<  li'e\'.  Mr.  \\'inaiis.  \vho  wa-  here  in  LM»S.  The  next 
^';i>  -'"liii  M.  liaker  in  1>K).  tlien  Thomas  Stillwell  in  1>11. 
James  Turner  in  }>•}•>.  Kic-liard  liichard>on  in  L8J3,  Zadia- 
I'iiih  ( 'hi lion  in  Isi  !.  John  Shrader  in  lSl."i.  Thomas  Davis  in 
1M(J.  James:  MVConl  in  1>i;.  Charles  Slocuni  in  isit.  John 
•d(-('"!-(!  iii  1818.  l!ut  all  the  aho\-.  came  of  their  own  voli- 
'i'"1  \vilhoni  the  appointment  of  any  authority  of  the  church 
and  made  only  passing  visits  of  short  duration,  hurin--  the 
iiiiu1  o|  the  visit?  oi  the  above  minister.'?  there  was  no  congre- 
gation here  and  no  chnrch  huildinu'.  < 'n  April  1  >.  l>-j>. 
~'"l^  Wl'iv  tiiki-n  IIP  form  a  <-onpv»-ation  and  a  lm  o 

)  i      .,          t'     '  I '  j  ,  j        ]  i       i  > 


IIS 


.•liiiivli  er.vti'd  "ii  tin'  Im.     Thi-  diiirrli  was  enlarged  Mud  jni- 

li|'o\ed     from     lilUe    In    lilUc    aild     \V;1S    Ux'd     !iV     lllr    ci  >I  I  LlTi  'Ll'a  1  1 "1  I 

until  llh'  piv-ein  new  >toiie  church  wa-  ivadv  fur  u-c  in  I!'1'1'. 
Several  vi-iirs  [uvvimir-  t"  ilii-  a  line  lot  in  one  of  the  dioice-t 
loeat  ion-  in  the  rit  v  mi  the  comer  o I  l-'i ui iji  li  and  1  Vrrv  st  reels, 
wa-  purchased.  I']!""  thi-  l"l  i  In1  con-Tc-'al  ion  erected  a  tine 
dnr.dile  stnne  rhmvli  \vhidi  will  la-t  !"r  centuries,  and  11  i- 
now  ii-i'd  Kv  the  coiiLi'i'e^'at  ion.  'I  he  comer  stone  of  tin-  >i(nie 
clini'ch  was  laid  liv  l)i-ho|>  I-'owler.  April  11.  1  >'.)!'.  and  it  was 
dedicated  l>v  r>i>lni|i  McCaiie.  April  1.  ! '. I  -i\e  t'roni  iv.- 

Kliiah   \Vhitteji.  Aaron     \V !.    .I<>lui    \\'.    ,Incks..n.   William 

McK.   [It-sicr.  \V.   II.  (Jrini.  Mr.  Walk.  r.   Mr.  l'lipi.in-er  and 

Mr.  \\  i II i-.  the  pri'M'tit   incutnheiit. 

'I  he  IV'  -hyterian  cluin-li  \\a-  rounded  |i,-re  in  !>:'.:!.  [>efo,e 
thai  dale  ill-  I'n -h\  terian-  hail  >er\ice.-  at  the  two  Indian;] 
churches  in  the  country  ahont  loiii1  nules  cn-i  o|  the  to\\n.  In 
IMII;  Samuel  11.  l{ohert>on  of  Kent  itckv.  canie  here  and  "»r- 
^anixed  liie  church  MI  the  counlrv.  lie  \\'a~  >iii-cce(led  l>v 

SillllUel     '!'.    Scott     ill     lM'1.         lie    \v;IS    -Ucccedcd     I)V     Siillllle]     I,'. 

A.]e\;i nder.  \\ho  continued   to  preach   for  main"  \ears.      liefoi'e 

\^'.\'.'<     the     I're-liVteriail-     of     \   lMcelllli>     ll.dd     rdlU'loll-    Sel'\'ice- 

tip  r  in  pri\ate  liou-e~  or  ihe  ('oiirt  llou-c  and  occasionalh 
a:t"iided  ;!,.•  upper  or  lower  Indiana  c!iurchc>  in  the  countrv. 
i'.  i  on  .laiiitarx  •").  !>:!:!.  which  date  is  the  real  founding  of 

•  cliu rdi.  t  !ie  fol |o\\  in"1  per-on-  ornan i/ed  a  '-li u  rdi  in  town, 
lii'iiiier.  Saiiiue]  liarn-.  ladia  llari'i-.  Sjiiinie]  Sninh. 
.'a  me-  K  n  vkendal  1.  Sa  rah  lla\.  l'at-\  Mill.  I'ili/aheth  I  )ed,er. 
Mi-.  ^:  ml.  u  .  John  Mc<.il'in.  |-:iix:il..-ili  \V\ant.  Miner-, 
Ifo-i  man.  Andi'e\\  (Irahatii.  Mr-,  lirahaiu.  Kli/ahct  li  ( I  rahain. 
-I  •  ^  iiler.  Mr.  hrriii.  l-'ran.-i-  [ininei-.  .Io-eph  Maddo\. 
\\  -  Small,  i:  ..  •  l!i  Smiili.  (  'alhariiie  Ku\  keiidall.  -I.  I  ). 
lla  .  If.  I)....;,.  .  Kli/.iiH-ili  MeCaM.  \Vdliaiu  If.  M.-Ciill.  .(••lin 
c.  ilo  li.!.  Kl  -  I',.  •  -  e.  Hani  ah  \Vi-e.  Mr-.  Liieree  an. I  Mr-. 


119 


CHRISTIAN    CHURCH 


N'veewa  Hirer.  A  lot  nn  ihe  corner  <>£  Fifth  ami  Busseron 
MIV./IS  was  donated  by  Mr.  Brunei1  ami  a  brick  church  was 
erected  "i!  ii.  Tin-  church  was  remodelled  frnin  time  in  time 
uud  continued  in  lie  used  by  tin-  coniavpuiun  uniil  tSG'.\  when 
;i  division  took  place  and  a  portion  ce-ceilcd  and  Uiih  a  brick 
cluirr-li  "ii  the  corner  ot!  Main  ami  Sixth  streets.  This  divis- 
ion \va-  ^uliscuiU'iitlv  harmonized  and  ihe  IW.P  congregation- 
united.  A  line  new  ehnreli  wa-  erected  nn  the  nld  location  in 
!»!.  Inn  was  not  enin]iieiri!  areunlinLr  to  plans  until  1>!'>. 
T!ie  clum-li  a-  it  stands  mday  i-  in  appearam-e  tlie  linest 
elmreh  liiiiNlin.ii1  in  Vineennes.  The  pastors  ot'  tlie  Pn-sliy- 
1,-rian  eliuivh  have  hoi-n:  \V.  \\".  Martin.  -Tohn  MeNnii'. 
Thomas  Alexander.  Sanniel  U.  Alexander.  John  !•'.  Smith, 
.li.lin  \\".  IHythe.  J.  [•'.  Jenni>on.  Kli  I1,.  Smith.  John  V . 
llemlv.  Jo>eph  Yam-e.  K.  I'.  \Vh;illeii.  (ieoruv  Knox  and  Dr. 
1 1  miter,  the  present  ] i:i-t' >r. 
The  (liristian  clnirch  was  organized  in  Is:?:!.  The  iir-i 

Illcllllifis  of  tile  ehiireh  Were:  Henry  1  ).  \Vheeler  and  wife 
Airs.  Harriet  Jmlah.  Dr.  John  IJ.  Mantle  and  Steplien  Bur- 
net.  The  eongre^at ion  worsliip])ed  in  jirivate  houses  ami  in 
llieTo\vn  Hall  until  1S-K5.  when  a  Ini  \\'a-  purchased  nn  Sec- 
<i\\<\  stn-t-t  and  a  oriek  chiireli  erected,  'i'he  lir-t  trustei'S  o]' 
the  ehnivh  were  ileiirv  [).  \Vheelei'.  John  I{.  Mantle  and  Al- 
plien-  hrapei'.  In  1>1>.  the  church  Imildin^'  was  improved 
liv  an  addition  in  fi'oiit  and  a  io\ver  and  suliseijiit-nt  1  v  a 
ha  !>t  i-1  rv  and  pastoral  residence  Were  el'i-cted.  Ill  1SKI1.  Clar- 

cnci'  \\.  [\essin,u'er.  one  of  the  meinhers.  donated  to  the  c-on^re- 
^'atinn  a  hit  on.  the  corner  of  Third  -ami  l>ro;idway  street>. 
np"ii  u'hich  it  i-  inieiided  to  erect  a  line  church  at  an  e;irl\ 
da\".  The  I'linds  I'm-  ihi>  |)iirp<ise  are  liein^  raoidiv  uuthetvd. 

•  1  . 

The  fii!  lowing  persons  have  hcfii  pastors  ot!  iliis  church:   l-'.li- 

jah    (- (will      1'.    K.    Dihhle.    |.    M.    M;ltlle\VS,    \\  .    \\'.    Kccles.    <  >. 

A.    I'.artlK.lomeu-.   T.    T.    II.. It. .11.    \V.    II.    Tiller.    Tlh.in.-is     -I. 


Hie  pari-li  iif  S;.  Jaiii"-  nl1  tlir  hpi.-enpiil  ehuivli  \va-  ni'Lraii- 
•'\-  Hi.  lli'V.  .lark-Mi,  Kemper.  i>etuU>r  M;.  l*:>!t.  The  I'nl- 
1. .\\MI--  iiieiiiiiers  weiv  elected  ve>trv  men:  ( ii'iii'Li'i-  I'a\i>. 
(ii-Mpjv  I'mik-hank.  .Inliii  ( Tniki-hank.  James  \\'.  (Jreeiilmw. 
Samuel  l.an^don.  Aimer  T.  Klli- ami  JuM'pli  Sunu-s.  (imrp- 
!>a\i-  and  Jame-  \\  .  (ireeiilmw  were  elm-en  wardens.  JriM-ph 
Sniiirs.  treasurer  ami  (Jror^v  \\'.  Iiaililmiif.  clerk  uf  tlir  \otrv. 
Tin'  u«r  nl'  ilic  Tuvvn  Hall  \\'a-  uliiaim-il  and  iiitr<l  up  a-  a 

:  >':}••  •  <  if   \\  i  M'-li  i  ]  i.       Sci'viro   \Vt-ri'   rnlllllli'llci'il    In   IK'    1  !;•!(!    ill    ill'' 

'1'i'U  11  llall  nil  I  Iif  ~>\  !i  F'  'liniai'v.  1  >  ! ( i.  ami  wciv  cominiird  in 
In-  hi 'Id  I  hi'i'r  until  Auu'ii^l.  i  v  I  •!.  A  \<>\  \va-  piu'cliascil  nn  1 1n- 
i-iinii-r  uf  l-'miril]  and  l>H~M'i'"ii  -tri-ct>  and  MI  thi-  lnt  a  lirirk 
rlni  ivli  ua>  '  •  PI  -i  -I  cd  in  1  v  ;  '•'<.  and  lias  licril  improved  f  n  iin  1 1  nn- 
in  linn-  !'\  ad'lni'in-  and  im|iruvrnirnl>  uniil  ii  i-  at  proi'iil 
a  \rrv  ini['<-iiiL:  chui'i-li  i  di!iri\  Tin-  i-liurdi  \va-  I'liiindrd  in 
l>ll  and  drdii-ati'd  ii,  Au-iM.  1>  I-'!,  l.v  If.-v.  Ii.  I1..  Killikdl v, 
! '.  I  >..  \vlin  \va.-  tli''  lirst  ri'i-tm-.  'I'll.'  fnllnu  in^  nihcr  pi'i^mi- 
lici'ii  !>a-i"i'-  "i'  ilic  rli  a  iv'n  :  l-'ioi,-]1  Thavci'.  Mr.  Carti-r. 
Mr.  llulii-ri-.  Dr.  Au-tin  and  \^  l.mi  IJnrkr. 

T •••    Afrii-an    Mi-tlimli-t     1-lpi-cnpal    rliurcli    \\a-    nr.Li'anixi-d 

'    !  ^  :  •"'         (lev.   \\  .   r .  i ^n in n.     Thi'  fir-i   i m 'in liu is  ' 
n  'i    \vriv :     Samii.'l    (  lark'.    <  'urin'liu-     Sim>.     A.     M<-< ,  ill. 
JaiM'-^    !>MI  n-\\  !'•;-,.   \\"iiliam   .lulin.-'iii.    Mar\    .lulin-mi,     llt-nry 
Hid. •!•.  Anna    Ilid-r.  'i'.   I  'a  r\.-a  r  ami   II.   1 1.  Stewart.     Srrvin- 

•      li  !'>|       ll'dd      al       1  lie      I'l'-ji  li'llee-     "!'      !  Ill'      Illelnliel'S.          \^l\      ill 

'  v."<'  i  .,   i'ranii'  elm  rdi   wa~  '-rfeti'i !   i  in   i  he  '-urner  uf  '1'eiil  !i  and 

,          ,  ,|.          'I'       .•'....    '.'_'••  :-'  '  •!'-     "f 

:     I  »al     I'         \\      •    -luW.   I  ,.     \\  .   .In    Ill-n      .     lfulh.11     .lnll||-n||. 

d.       .   .     ••  -.   [;,,!„  :••   .1,,,,, ..  \\ .   i;.   lf,.\,.l~.   1',,-njiiiiiiii    Mill. 

K.I  ;:•  •  •       \Vi       an  -"I  .    -I'  '         T     :  :  •  r.     !'».     I..     l'.p."l  .     L--\  i     \V. 

I',;    -  -      Sll',,1     ,    -        I  I.V      -"]    .      Madi-nll       I'atl^ilH.     <  .. 


lL'3 


EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 


T.    JOHN  S   CATHOLIC    CHURCH 


\V.  Klaek.  \Villiani  .lackson.  II.  !',.  Smith,  -I.  II.  Alexander, 
J.  S.  Lewis,  Jesse  Bass.  II.  11.  Wilson.  .1.  If.  Ferguson  and 

Jason    1)11 11(1  V. 

The  African  IJaptiM  church  was  or^ani/.ed  here  about  IstH). 
A  frame  rlnnvli  wa>  erected  I'm'  the  congregation  on  lentil 
-treei  ;iini  has  heeii  oeciipied  bv  the  congrcii'at  ion  uniil  the 
proent  time. 

St.  John's  Catholic  ehuivh  was  orpmi/.ed  in  ls."»l.  1'rioi- 
lo  thai  lime  ihr  (icrniai)  Catholics  of  N'ineennes  \vorslii)i]ied 
;ii  ihe  r;ii  h;  dral.  Thi'\'  wi'i'e  served  hv  Ch;irle>  ( )|i|ienn;in  in 
Isli;  and  afteru'ards  Itv  Conrad  Sneiderjeans,  In  1  <-O  1  Nicho- 
l;is  Straiilier  hnili  ihc  iir-l  church  of  lirick  on  M;iin  streel  he- 
iweeii  Kiirht  li  and  Ninth  streets,  lie  \vas  succeeded  hv  Leon- 
ard Urandi .  and  he  h\-  \\'illiam  Hnp-ln.  \vlio  rem.-iined  nniil 

iMi^l.        li'e\.    Aeu'idill>    Mel'X    look    cll;ll'L;'e    ill     Se|  il  elll  her.     1>'^!, 

and  remained  until  hi-  death  in  l>'.'i.  lie  made  many  addi- 
tion- and  improvements  to  the  chmvh  and  also  Imilt  a  |ia>ii">ral 
I'esidc'iiee  and  a  lai'^'e  -cliool  lunldin^'  all  of  lirn-k.  Thi' 
church  [irojicrtv  of  thi-  con^repn  ion.  considering  its  line  lo- 
cation and  snrrouii<lin!jf>.  i>  unqnestioiiahlv  the  linest  clntrch 
|iro|iert\'  in  the  citv.  Tlie  con^' relation  i>  also  the  larii'ot  in 
the  city.  '1  he  ]n'e-ent  rector  is  l\'ev.  Meinrail  Kleisclimann. 

St.  Johns  Lutheran  clunvh  t'or  a  numhei1  of  vcars  held 
services  in  the  To\\  n  Ilall.  A  hrick  cliurch  \vas  Imilt  on  the 
corner  of  Li^hth  and  Scott  streets  and  \va>  u-ed  for  smne 
years  h\'  the  Lutheran  and  Kvanjielical  cliurclu's  jointh".  I>nt 
in  L^.")!i  a  division  of  the  con^'i'eii'ations  took'  jilacc  and  the 
Lutheran.-  remained  in  possession  of  the  church  propenv  pav- 
ing the  Lx'an^e]  iea  I  hraiich  a  consideration  agreed  upon  for 
their  interest.  The  present  eonLnvpit ion  was  or^anixed  Au- 
.ITUSI  5il.  1ST)!),  by  K'cv.  Peter  Send.  lie  was  succeeded  hv  J. 
D.  L.  Mayer  and  he  hv  J.  \\'.  Mueller.  Carl  Kretxman  i>  I 
proem  pastor.  The  'ir-l  hi'ick  church  was  torn  do\\  n  in  LS7(! 
and  the  present  substantial  edifice  erected  in  its  stead.  This 


ci  >l)i:Te'_:a  i  mil  !i;i-  ;i  hirn'e  -ehim]  hnildilli:'  ;iinl  maintains  ;i 
llnii  n-h  1 111:  -, -limit  I'n!'  liuys  and  u'irl-.  ;niil  ihe  ehmvh  i-  in  a 
HI  >n  n-li  1 11-  ei unlit  mil. 

Si.  Jnhll"-    Kvailirel  ieal   ehmvh    \va.-  nl'-an  l/.ed   nil    the   separa- 
tinll     n|'    Si.    John's     K\  :l  llll'd  ic;l  I     I  -111  heran     dlllivl)     ill     All-ll-t. 

1>.V.|.  I iy  [fev.  ( '.  Unll'mei-ler.  Thr  I'-adin-  iiiiMiilii-r>  i>!'  the 
cliurdi  ;ii  thr  lime  nf  ipf^aiiixat imi  wen-:  .l«'lin  ll.-mim.  Ki-cil- 
crick.  I'.-trr  ami  \\'i  1 1  iam  l\ittrr.-kaiii]i.  .lamli  Uri'iilian.-.  I  .niii- 
l>nn>il  ainl  Atiii'iisl  Kin-h'T.  A  frame  diun-li  \va-  iTi-ctfil  in 
1  >ii'.'  nn  the  en  I'll  cr  nf  Ki  fill  am!  Scuti  -i  ivri-  a  i  ill  ucciijiii'il  liv 
1  !M'  mirjTcn'al  mn  mil  1 1  I  lie  i-rt'ct  imi  nf  i  he  -i  ilem  I  \<\  lirn-k  >t  nie- 

(Ul'e     nl)     the    enl'llel1  (if       |-"if|h       illld       Shi'UiV       r-tl'eetS      \\'llidl       i  r- 

an  areh iieei u ral  ornament  t<>  ili'j  en\.  lln-  ennuTe^'at ion 
ha-  a  larn'e  and  mmmodiiiiis  pa-inra!  resilience  and  a  tine 

1  I      1          '  1     '  "  I  '        t       '  Ili'l  1*1 

M-li'Hil   I  iiii  |i  1 1  n;_'  and   mai  ntaiiir-  -elmolr-  I")-  Imih  lmv~  aim  i;'irl>. 

This   rnllnTril-ai  inll     i-il|     a     1 1 '  <\  I  ri  -1 1  i  1 1  -•    i  -ii  n  d  i  1  i  nl  i .       The    fnllnw- 

ini;- ha\e  hnMi  |ia.-tnr-  nf  lh:.- diiireh  :  ( '.   I  |niVmei>icr.   K.   |>ar- 
ii    .   \\  illiam   .Inn-.    \.    I'.nrkharl.    I'.    \\'i  l.,-r.    Alherl    S.-h-.n-y 

:    I   i      ll.-nr\     Meld. 

I   In-    Uapl:-!    eluil'dl    \\a-   nl'Xailixed    in     1  v>'m.       Meetini;--.   \\'e|'e 

fir-i  held  in  ill,-  (  i;\  Mali  and  in  private  rcndeiiei-.  The 
dinreh  \\a-  fnrniai!\  nr-aiii/ed  Mar  I.  iMiV.  \\ilh  ihe  |'M]|II\\- 
nieinl,er-hiM:  Mr-.  Mary  S.  II, .herd.  Mrs.  I'.uek.  Mr-. 
I  ..rn.  Mr-,  \ii-n-tii-  .1.  \\  !-•.  Mi-  I..  Dnive.  Mi-  M.  (iilli  - 
I'ii-.  .M  i'-.  !..  'ii  i-j.i.  .  h'  \ .  .1.  S.  (  ,  ill, -pie  and  (  'hri-iian  1,'al- 
•  '  .  A  '  a-e  '  •  r  nf  I1  'l  ii  and  l>i'nad- 

I1  i         '      .      e"1:  _  I'.-^a  1  )n||.        Tlie     ]'<>!  ]nU  I  Hi;     pi  'I'-i  'II- 

-Inf-     n|'     •       :-     ehlirell   ;     .!.     S.     (,  ill, -pie.      |  ..     |   ).      |J,,!,. 

i:.-"  .   I'..    I'.  <  a\    N-.   Mr.  Siin-mi.  A.    I'.r.-m.l.-nl.nr-.   I.    II.    15m- 
i-.  T    .1.   [\.-i;    .  .1    me-    \'..   \\  ..li.-ni  and   (,.   \V.    Law. 
Si .    !,'i  I-.     (      a  in  eni      ,     i  i,  ,i          •       Si .    If,  i-e    |-'i  inah     A'-ad- 

,     , ,:'    \\  ,,r-  ,         •  i'1'n.-i-   •>!'     l'"i  fl 


LUTHERAN    CHURCH. 


EVANGELICAL    CHURCH 


|.\   tiir  rliTL:'\  alla'T.rd   in  Si.    l-'i-Miiri-  \a\iiT  rlnuvli. 

Tile     l'>apli-1      r»n-  !V-;|I  ji>  1]     di\jdrd     ;1      |'r\V     \V;11S     a^'n     illld     :l 

p.iption  M'paratcd    1'i'om   ill'-  mam   lnn]\    Mini   I'ortiU'd  ;i  iir\v  (-MH- 

!_•'•'•_;!  1  lull    r;l!  l.'il     lllf    I  Illlll.-l  Illli'l     lli'lill  ----     U.-lpli-l    rllllivll.     |Jr\  . 

rrii"iu;i>  -I.   Ki-iili    i-  i>;i.-i<»r  ii!    ilii-  i-nn^i'i'U'ai  inn  ,-niil    rrLi'ular 
~cr\ii->'-    arc    In-M    in    til"    nld     I  'r.'-n\  ii-ria  n    i-lnifrli    nil     Main 


Tin'  Kn-c  Md  hi  "  !  i-i  clnii't-li  ha-  a  fr.-imr  liiuMini:  I>M  1  '::'•  ri|i'- 
i  .•  !'  nl  I'  nil  IM  !i  a  IP  !  S\va  n  ii  ii'r  -1  1'lM-i  -  a  iii  !  iv^'ii  lar  M-T\  ice-  ar  • 
In  •  linTr  uii  Sumla  -.  Kii'i~  (  '.  iiiililiiii-  i>  t  hi-  pasti  >r. 

T  ••  U'n.-ii  Urai'l  ci.ii^n-.uiiiii.ii  ..)'  ill.-  Hflu-c\vs  havr  a  i-mi- 
L;Ti'_;al  i<ui  and  Imld  I'c^u.iar  -rr\  irrs  on  iln-  mrncr  of  Sr\-i'inh 

.•ll!':     lil'oadu'MV    >H'i'i-l-..    on     lllr    -rrond     SillldllV    of    r;|r!l     Illolllll. 

I    i    i-'iiii-'ri-^ai  ion  i-  \vi-aliliv  and  \vill  rn-i-i  a  ^yna^on-ib' 
-    "I'i  t  inn-.      M.  l.'ind-isot'f  and  Virii.r  SriiM.'iil'idd  an    lr    -•   •  - 

.-.'    •    I'..   !\         .   •  ••     -•,••'•        i-oii-'iv-'aiion. 


Yinceiines  has  always  heen  supplied  \vitli  a  -utlicient  nuin- 
her  iif  hanking  institutions.  The  I>ank  ot  Yincennes  wa-  in- 
corporated liv  the  Territorial  Legislature.  This  hank  was  or- 
:_ranixed  by  Xathanii'l  F.wiii;_r.  ('harle>  Smiih  and  other-.  It 
ec  iin  inued  ID  i|n  business  until  tlir  >iatc  irovernnient  \va>  or- 
^•ani/.ed.  Ilv  an  ad  of  the  Mate  legislature  it  was  adopicd  as. 
the  State  Hank  u.L'  Indiana.  This  hank  failed  in  .1^1. 

The  \\'alia-h  In.-iiranee  (.'umpaiiv  was  oi'pi nixed  here  and 
was  invested  with  hankini:'  [irivilep's  and  issued  notes  in  cir- 
culate as  money.  .In-rph  >"ines  was.  -eei'etary  of  this  in-titu- 
doti. 

A  hranrh  of  ihe  State  JSank  i»f  Indiana  was  located  here  in 
lSo-1  on  the  or^anixatioii  of  the  Stale  Hank  o£  Indiana,  .lohu 
lio-s  was  ear-iiier  of  this  iiranch  from  its  orn'anixat  urn  until  it 
ceased  to  exist  upon  the  expiration  of  the  charter  of  the 
State  Hank  of  Indiana.  'J'hi-  hraiich  and  all  the  l)raiiches  of 
the  Stale  \l-,\\}\\  of  Indiana  were  honestly  and  prndenilv  nian- 
ii.ycil  an i.l.  were  a  source  of  profit  to  the  stockholders. 

The  N,'e\v  York  Stock  Hank  was  orpinixcd  here  in  1  >">.'> 
under  the  law  ]«assed  liv  the  legislature  of  Indiana,  providing 
for  the  formation  of  Stock  Hanks.  These  hank-  were  required 
hy  'he  law  to  depM-it  \viih  the  Auditor  of  State  the  -lock-  of 
ajiv  state  in  the  !  nioii  and  iveeive  circnlatinja'  notes  to  the 
face  value  of  the  securities  less  ten  per  cent.  The  defec!  in 
this  law  was  that  the  honds  of  some  ol  the  states  were  mu  of 
eipial  value  and  some  only  worth  liftv  cents  on  the  dollar. 
I  hi>  hank,  as  its  name  implies,  was  supposed  to  he  founded 
nil  the  honds  of  New  V>rk  state  which  were  above  par.  In 


\       I  I  I-  ,  Hi;   ,       I  >l        \     :  N<     I.N  M  .-. 

I     i;  I  I  \     i  .-111  - 

f  i  hi-  -  *•" I ;   \\  ;i-  -' « 


•          •        lirntli  >l  '     !•   r!i;irt>T  <>i     I  hi     ^: :  '       l>;lli!<   "f    I  li- 

•'!'•;  >;, 1  i    ;|       ;|  \\      ill     1  -.">."i.    .-I''-;,  i  '  !  i  -     i  M,  •     I  i 

>I;i  |          if    |  II    \\  1!  •':,  Mi'!  !••-.        A       'HI  lli'll    «f    1  I      - 

,[i  1 11'  '--    \\  PI-  .  '.Tl''' !    i-;!-h  1>T   ; 

•  !•       ,          inn  j       ii     \\  ,       !     ciltt     i  ,'-',•        . 

;)]•-       Ii  lie  i  •!'    '"l|-i        --   ;l 

•     .  ,  '       '      i       i-'  Hi;  ||         '       '  ;    '  ,\  i  i        •  i       •        -Hi       i---  I 

,       i  i         ,||-i  Mr--.       •    ,  :      \\  ;!  -     i  ;,  \-          •        |     of         \  i-l.'l       .        i\      ' 
i-.       S]  i|  lr-     |,-|  \\  -.       i;|--ci          •       '  '      -  '     '  ' 

\    '  '•••     I !  hi  •-      \  :;  '  '  i  .  •    ::        I  i     (  \\  ;  I  -    •  >  r_; ; :  !  i  '•  /.  •>       ;|-     ' 

\\  1 1  '  r;i  I  ii  I ;  i  i        !  !  li '      \    1  ]  ]i  M  >  M  ! 

I '.  •''  '        ^lai      «f   | !"       ;     .      T    ..:.-.• 

'  '  -  '          '       :  .  .    S'j.'pi  l_ _  •  .     ,; 

•  •      '  •  •  s  '  '  "  '. T  "; 

•  '       ...  '                          I  I ' " !    "  I '   .  I  " 

\  \  I  :  - .  i ;  i    .  I .  \  \  1 1 !  i  - .    i                     .                                 ;  1 1 1 

-     I  '.     I  '•:••..'      i  i :      I  '"    '..',,'.     i.  \\  ;,  -    ;i  I  i|  M  i|  II  Ici !     i  i 

I          I  i  ,'•  •  '          •'•''••.        !  ' 

•  •  r,  ;  ;'•:.•!          .  •.,,-'•' 

.          T  i-      f;  I  \\         -       I         \I. 

II      •       ! 

•I'  :    I,'     -I      \l     K.  A    '      .    Ii       .,-  ,,i-;ii      i 

i-1:      i;     .,•-.  .1    \i  K      ,   .  i1  i, -r  K.  i.,:i'  ,-ii  i  . 
\\       '      ;  i    .  •  .    i  i ! , .  . 


Fix  A  MI:.  1:^:>) 

Heiirv  S.  Cauthorn.  on  a  capital  of  *';!.">.<>(  HI.  which  wa>  >uh- 
-.e.juently  im-iva-ed  in  s:ti  MM  m.  'I'hi-  wa.-  simply  a  private 
partnership  for  banking  purposes  am!  did  a  very  lar,v.v  ami 
hicratiye  business  iiiuil  is'1.',  when  it  went  intii  voluntary 
liquidation.  Kidiard  -I.  McKeiiney  was  the  Uisitvss.  manager 
i.f  this  partnership  frmn  iis  opening  to  ii-  close. 

The  (ierinan  Banking  Company  \\a-  orpmi/ed  here  in  l>il 
hv  Henr\  Knirilini.  Louis  L.  \Vatson.  Jose])h  L.  Bayard, 
Miinvlli-  I).  Larroix  and  oilu-rs  with  a  eapital  ot'  s."ti.nini. 
Tliis  \vas  simplv  a  partneiship  fur  !i;inkin^  purpose.-  and  did 
,-i  laru'eand  profitable  business.  .lo>cph  L.  Bavard  \vas  ea-h- 
ier1  and  manager  of  iln-  business  from  ii>  orpniixatinn  anc 
duriiiLJ'  it-  existence.  Tin-  banking:'  eonipanv  \veiii  "in  n|_'  l'ii-i- 
l;e>--  and  the  partners  interested  oruani/.ed  ill  it-  stead,  the 
Kirsi  N'ational  l>ank  of  V'ineennes  \vith  its  cajiital.  .lolm  11. 

Uabli  \vas  eleeted  pfesidelH  of  tlli>  bank  and  -lo-rpll  L.  l>av- 
;i  I1'  :.  ea-h  ier. 

The  bank-  now  lining  business  in  the  City  of  Vinrenne-  are 
tiii'ee.  The  I-'irst  National  Bank,  the  Second  National  Bank 
and  tin'  (ierinan  National  Bank.  The  l-'ir-t  National  Bank" 


in  1>!1.  as  tin'  sucees>or  <>l  the  (ierinan  Banking  Company. 
and  succeeded  to  it-  business  li'Ui>e  and  business.  ('MI  the  ex- 
piration of  its.  lirs!  charter  the  bank  wa>  re-orpmixeil  a-  ii  >-\- 
i.-t-  lodav.  The  pre-eni  ollicers  n|  ihi-  bank  are  JoM-pli  I.. 
Bayard.  piv>ideni  :  1'.  \1.  (  >'l  lonndl.  cashier  :  and  Henry 
Soines.  .1  r..  assista  nt  ca-di  ier. 

I  lie  Second    National   Bank   \\a-  or^ani/.cd    in    lx'.'-i.   with  a 
eapilal  o!'  s]  i  ii  i.  in  n  i.  and  has  been  doiiicu'  a   -a  i'e  and  profitable 

are  (',  .....  •-(•  \V.  Donaldson,  president:  William  •'.  Kreeman. 
ea>hier:  .1.  T.  l'»o\'d.  assistani  cashier. 

The  (ierinan    National    Bank  was  orpmi/ed   in    !>->>  with  a 
capital  of  ^IDII.IMIO  and  immediately  -ectuvd  a   laru'e  liiii    "!' 


-  :  ;  -    a  !!'  !    il;lr-    i  I1"!  I!    ill'      -lai'1     '  !"!lf    ;1     I II  r  I'il  1  i  \  i  •    ill  1(  i     pl'i  >-p.-|'- 

iiu-       ;-::'"-~.      'I'!,,     i>]Tir,-i>   "L    ihi-    kink   a  iv    \Villiiiin    Bak'-r. 

>"•   -i.li'tll    :      I  iiTanl      IiViltT.     \  ir.'-p!V>ii!r!ll   :     (irdl'-V      \l.      Al-i|i. 

i -,•!-'.:  !••!•:  I  Idi r\  •' .  !'•• "  '-liM!;i  n.  ;i--i-t;i  MI  ra-liicr. 

All    tlin-c  i>l'   t!if  iilm\.'    Niiliiiiuil    lljink-  arc   |iriiilfiiil\ 

•   -tlv    llialia^'1'!    .'111'!     llii\'f    lllr    runiMrllcr   nl'    llic    clltirt-    f'lll- 

' '  \  .      In  miisrijUciif..'  1  lit-v  a  ]•>•  all   tin  ML:'  a   ln';i\  v  ;ii)i  1   IH'M-- 
:  ici'i  ill-  liu-i  lit'--. 

I    liri'c  in-ri't    ilh-    roii-nliclaini    .  •>  1 1 1 1 !  i ;  \ ,  >i  i    <  i  f  the    |-'ir-i    \a- 
liiipal    r>an\.  the  Si-fniiii    Nalinnal   I'»a!ik  an«l  the  (ii-nnan    Na- 
ti"iial   Hank  a-  in<!irai«-<!  liv  tln-ir  iv purls  uinlfi-  t In '  call  <•;   I 
I'unijiirnllt.r  ,,f  ih,.  fiirr'-tit-v  ai    i'n-  r]..-,.  ,,f   Im-iiif-s  nn    !-'<">- 
ru a  r\    '.'•".  ! '. "  r!  : 


135 


<  HAl'TKR  XVII. 

CQKPOltATIOXS. 

Yineennes  has  originated  many  corporation?  in  tin-  past. 
The  Yincennes  Steam  Mill  Company  organized  August  *>, 
1>17.  for  tin-  manufacture  of  Hour,  lumber  and  spirits.  wa# 
started  on  a  irrand  scale  on  the  survey  no\v  occupied  in  part 
bv  Harrison  Park.  This  company  creeled  extensive  and  sub- 
stantial buildings  and  for  manv  years  did  a  large  and  pros- 
perous  business.  Nathaniel  K wing,  John  D.  Hay.  Willis  Fel- 
low- and  Benjamin  I'arke.  \vere  members  of  this  corporation. 
Th<-  \Vabash  Insurance  Company  jtossessinu'  also  banking 
privileges  in  addition  to  general  insuram-e.  The  Knox  In- 
-urance  Coin]ianv  organized  about  .1S.*)0,  for  a  time,  did  a 
lai'^v  business  and  would  have  continued  except  for  extending 
its  business  to  marine  ri-ks  on  the  <  i  ul  I'  of  Mexico  and  the  A1- 
lantic  Ocean,  which  so  increased  its  losses  as  to  compel  it:  to 
go  into  liquidation.  The  American  Live  Stock  Insurance 
Company.  ibr  [\r..\  ,>ne  of  the  kind  ever  organi/ed  anvwhejv 
lor  the  insurance  of  ]i\e  sto;.-k.  These  eorporatiojis  have  all 
pa»ed  awav. 

The  corpora tionr-  yet  in  existence  in  the  city  are  the  follo\v- 

The  Vinceinie-  I '  ii  i  \'ersi  t  v.  orgaiii/.ed  in  isoii.  under  an  act 
of  tht-  territorial  legislature,  is  mm  in  a  nourishing  condition 
and  doing  as  good  educational  work  as  anv  similar  institution 
in  the  stale.  It  originally  possessed  a  large  donal  :on  of  lands 
granted  by  the  I  nited  States  foj-  the  purpose  of  endowment. 
It  -larlcd  out  with  bright  prospects,  but  its  advance  was  re- 
tarded by  the  unjust  attempt  of  the  state  [egisiauiv  to  rub  it 
of  MS  donation  of  land  and  divert  the  same  to  the  use  of  the 
(10) 


A    1 1 1-  i 'ni;  v    MI'    Yi  \(  K\  s  i>. 


linll;in;i  I  mversit\  ;il  1  • ' '  "  Mil  i  n^'t  <  >n.  Mils  legislation  i-  con- 
sistent uilli  ;|ll  state  legislation  which  li;|>  Ili'VtT  heen  l'a\ora- 

hle.  Inn  i ni mica  1  in  \  iiicfiiiio.  lint  this  unlawful  misappro- 
priation nf  its  lands  \vas  partiallv  prevented  iiv  the  Supreme 
i-nurt  of  the  I'niicd  Sinjo  \\liich  dcciai'nl  this  adjitn  nf  ihr 
slaic  If^i.-lanii'r  in  lie  iiiiliuvt'ii]  and  void.  l>ni  ilic  univer- 
sity was  rri pplrd  in  its  npt-ral ions  L'or  \ rars.  I '>ui  ii  uraihrrrd 
this  storm  nf  nnt'rifndl  v  legislation  and  is  \v!  as  siii'i-cssfnll  v 
pfi-t'iM-iiiini;'  its  work  as  any  university  in  the  statr.  nm  e\- 
ci-ptiiiL:'  tin1  >tatc  I  diversity,  supported  as  it  i-  h\-  lari;e  ap- 
pmpriat ions  and  endo\vinent  t'uiiiU  frnm  the  state  trea>urv. 
The  Vineennes  liuanl  of  Trade,  ur-ani/ed  for  tlie  purpose 

I 

id'  aid  in:.1'  and  huildiii-'  up  the  ritv  in  evei-v  \vav.  i-  d»mi: 
p»iil  service.  If  siieh  an  orpinixation  had  heen  in  existence 
years  he  fore,  it  would  have  heen  of  -Teat  advantage  \<>  this 

eit  V. 

The  llmne  lluiidiriL:  -ind  I. nan  Assucial  ion.  incorporated  in 
1  >!Ki  \vitli  a  capita!  <>f  s-ji  10.01  n  i. 

The  l\n«i\  lluildinu  I. nan  1'iind  and  Savings  Associat  inn. 
inc'irjioraled  in  1  v->:;  with  a  capital  nf  ^1  .(MMI.IIIHI. 

Tin-  I'e.iples'  Savings  L"an  and  linildiiiL:'  Association,  in- 
corporated in  !>>'.i  \\ith  a  capital  ,,('  s  1 .1  IOO.IMMI. 

'  I  '  I  \T  II"  i    •  Il'li'  11  I"  1 

I  he  \  inceiHies  and  l\no.\  (  niintv  Ixiililin^  ami  Loan  ruin! 
Association,  incorporated  in  l^'.'ii  \\ith  a  capital  of  s  1  .IHIII.IMM  i. 

The  \Valuish  I'.iiildin-  and  Loan  I'nnd  Association,  incor- 
porated in  !  S'.i.s  with  a  capital  of  s.Min.iiiin. 

The  I'l-ospeci  Hill  ('oal  Mining  ('oinpanv.  opei'at  inu' mines 
adjoining  the  c i  t  v. 

T!ie  I'rospeci  Hill  I'.rick  \;irt\  Company,  operai  iu.^  \vork~ 
ie  im  mediate  \  iei  nit  \  of  i  he  cii  \ . 

'I'1  e  \  ::  ci  niies  Mutual  I' i  i'e  Insiii'aiice  Coinpan\.  oruani/ed 
f,,r  the  nnrpose  of  in-nrini:'  such  pi'opertv  onl\  a-  i-  •«iiiiaieil 
'  e  cit  v  limits. 

Tlie  \\'ahash  Mm  nal  I'-  iiet't  As.-oi-i,n ion.  The  K  no\  ( 'oiint\ 


CORPORATIONS.  137 

Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Association,  organized  in  18^'. 
and  which  has  already  held  thirty-one  successful  fairs,  almost 
equalling  the  state  fairs  of  Indiana. 

Tlio  Vincennes  (las  Light  Company,  originally  organized 
in  1^9  hy  Charles  P.  A[cC,rady.  Xathaniel  Usher.  W.  II.  IF. 
Terrell,  under  a  twenty  years'  franchise.  This  company  and 
its  property  was  merged  in  the  Citizens'  ("Jas  Light  Companv 
which  is  yet  in  existence  and  doing  a  line  business. 

The  Yincennes  .Electric  Light  and  Power  company,  organ- 
ized in  ix'.il.  and  which  has  a  fine  plant  and  is  doing  a  line 
business. 

The  City  Llectric  Lighting  Company,  organized  in 
iMi'.t.  and  which  has  erected  a  tine  plant  and  under  a 
contract  with,  the  city,  is  now  lighting  it  in  all  it>  parts,  all 
night  and  every  night. 

The  Central  Foundry  Company,  for  the  manufacture  of 
soil  pipe,  is  the  second  largest  establishment  of  the  kind  in 
the  I'niied  States  and  has  very  extensive  works  and  employs 
a  large  .fun-e  of  men. 

The  Central  Tnion  Telephone  Companv  has  a  complete 
plain  making  connections  with  all  parts  of  the  city,  and  in 
connection  with  the  long  distance  telephone  company  with  all 
pan-  of  the  I  'nited  States. 

Tin-  Yincennes  Citizens"  Si  reef  Railway  Company  which 
manufactures  its  own  electric  power  and  operates  a  railway 
extending  from  the  principal  business  portions  of  the  ciiv. 
a inl  to  the  adjoini ng  suburb-. 

The  Yincennes  Water  Supph  Company,  with  a  splendid 
plant  and  the  highest  water  tower  in  the  west  (except  one  at 
Cleveland)  being  ^ln  feet  high  and  oC  a  capacity  sutlieient  to 
throw  several  -t  reams  of  water  at  the  -a me  time  over  the  high- 
e-t  bu ild i ngs  in  the  cit  v. 

The  Citizens"  (Jas  Liu'ht  Company  with  a  line  plant  and 
d<  'iii";  a  sticcessfu  I  busiiu'ss. 


II'.S  A      HlSTollY     iiF     YlNVKNNKS. 

Tin-  Yinec-mio  I\I:L;  Ca>e  ( '<iiii|p;iii v  dojn^  a  larire  am]   in- 

CTOilMMg    I'lisille:-.-. 

Tin-  Yincenncs  Paper  ^lill  ( 'cinpnny  with  the  nmst  ini- 
|iru\ed  inadiiiierv  and  \vith  a  larirc  capacity  for  the  inanu- 
lacture  ul'  jtapL-r.  and  riniiiiii,!:  '"'th  dav  and  ni-'lit  to  sui'p'iy 
llie  demand  I'm-  its  product. 

Tin-  John  l-'.luitT  Jce  L'ompany  liavinir  a  lari:v  plant  and 
c-apal'ie  ui  manufacting  '.)|HI  tons  of  ice  cadi  dav. 

The  Ka^'le  J-)i'c\vin<:'  Company  of  Hack  \'  Simon,  nianufaet- 
ui'in^'  the  tine-t  hcer  of  anv  e-tai)lishmeni  in  the  slate  and 
:'  ••ni-hiiiLr  its  product  to  the  citv  and  surroundinjj  to\vn~. 


AGRICTLTTRK.  1:59 

CHAPTER   XVIII. 
AGRICULTURE. 

Xo  city  can  expect  to  attract  and  retain  a  dense  population 
without  adequate  resources.  They  must  have  a  sure  base  upon 
which  to  depend  to  supplv  the  wains  of  the  citizens.  Vin- 
cemies  in  this  regard  is  highly  favored  by  its  location  and  sur- 
roundings. Situated  in  one  of  the  finest  agricultural  locali- 
ties in  the  West,  it  has  in  its  favor  that  paramount  intercut 
which  is  the  corner-stone  upon  which  rests  all  enterprises. 
The  county  of  l\no\  in  Indiana,  and  Lawrence  in  Illinois,  are 
directly  tributary  to  this  city,  and  several  other  counties  in 
doth  States  to  a.  great  extent.  The  report  of  the  state  geologist 
Drives  the  first  place,  to  Knox  county  as  possessing  soil  suitable 
for  tlie  production  of  all  kinds  of  fruit,  grain  and  other  pro- 
ducts that  go  to  make  up  the  general  volume  of  agricultural 
resources.  This  great  interest  has  been  in  the  past  what  ha» 
sustained  and  built,  up  Yinceiines.  The  citizens  of  Vincennci 
for  many  years  paid  no  attention  to  manufacturing  interest-, 
and  consequently  until  within  a  fe\v  years  past  there  were  lu 
manufacturing  establishments  in  the  city.  It  has  been  sai-- 
tained.  solely  by  its  unrivalled  agricultural  resources.  There 
are  yet  in  Knox  and  Lawrence  counties  rich  and  pro- 
ductive lands  that  can  be  purchased  for  less  money  than  many 
less  valuable  lands  in  portions  of  the  far  west  where  there  tire 
no  -choo]  houses,  churches,  road-  and  oilier  accompanmient.- 
of  civilization.  The  reason  the  lands  in  this  viciniiv  h,i.vc 
been  overlooked  hv  the  ceaseless  llow  of  emigration  is  because 
they  have  not  been  advertised  hv  railroad  and  other  companies 
a- other  land-  in  les>  favored  regions  have  been.  .Besides  ag- 
riculture in  the  vicinitv  of  Vim-cnnes  is  yet  in  its  infancy. 
Although  an  old  settled  region,  for  inanv  years  Inu  little  at- 
tention was  paid  to  developing  and  improving  the  agricultural 


ivMiii!Vf>  of  whicii  ii  i-  capable.  I.arp'  tract-  of  fertile  an  ! 
productive  land-  in  l\m>\  county  were  sull'ered  to  ivmain  until 
within  a  few  year-  ]>a-t  uncleared  and  unproductive.  <>ih",  r 
tracts  were  covered  with  -wamps  ;iml  maishe-.  And  otln  r 
lands  on  hoih  ihc  \\'a!'a-h  and  \\'hite  l!i\  •!•-  boitom-  were 
p  rat/i  ically  valueless  on  aceoum  of  the  overflow  of  the-e  rivc-i  .-. 
r»ut  enterprise  ami  industry  in  th.1  last  twenty  vears  ha-  r..*i.- 

edied     lhi>.        Tile     IMVel'-     have     !iee|l     levied     and     tile     Wet      !a<:.:- 

drained  and  rendered  ill,  .for  cultivation.  This  piod  worK  ;- 
still  in  progress  and  th-  time  not  far  di-iant  \vheii  all  III,-. 
lands  surrounding  \' i  nee  n  lies  will  be  a  veritable  irardeii.  11  e 
roads  of  the  countrv  ha\e  heen  ^reailv  improvi'il  ami  otht  rs 
are  now  in  pro^re->  \\'hieh  will  make  \  inceiiii'S  acee>-ible  a! 
;il!  -ea-on-  from  ;ill  parts  of  the  surnmnd'mi:  i-oiintry  o\ei  Hue 
and  dii rai'ie  r< 'ad-. 

The  following  tallies  extracted  from  the  ollieial  -tati>tii  d 
report  of  the  Siate  ,;f  Indiana  for  !>'.».  the  late-t  ivpori  a-, - 
ce--i!ile.  -ho\\>  a  ^ratifyin-'  n-sult  for  l\m.\  county,  in  wli;.  ;, 

A'illceline-    i-    -lilialed.    ]}]    co  1 1 1  p;  1 1' i -o  11    with    eleVell    other    of 

lanresi  and  m^-t  ]i]'o>]ierou>  i-ouiities  in  tho  State  for  ill-1  piv- 
d net  ion  of  the  principal  -mirce-  ,,f  the  farmer-'  wealth  : 

\VI1KAT. 


1. el."). MIII 


AoiMCi    I.TUKK. 

HOGS. 


141 


Knox 27,31<>  Allen     .    .    . 

Greene 23.072  Klkhart     .    . 

Sullivan      29.52S  St.  Joseph    . 

Davies 27,005  I.aPorte    .    . 

I'ike lt>. i>21  Montgomery 

Gibson 22.987  Tippeeanoe 

Corvry  ACKKAOK  UI'SHKI.S 

Knox 04,052  2.S18.2SS 

Greene 55.2H5  1.990,620 

Sullivan      51,5X3  2. 0(5:!. 320 

Havies 47.73)8  1,62s. 092 

I'ike 32,5St>  I,2SS,26S 

Gibson 51,183  l,ti47,<S5ti 

Allen 52,130  1,S76.000 

Klkhart 3ti.22ti  1.37<i,5xs 

St.  Joseph      ...    .....  3S.079  1, 2:17. 72s 

La  Torte 49,2!i2  1,528,052 

Montgomery 73.640  3.00S.3OO 

Tippeeanoe 1O2.065  ;!,77i>.415 


3D.734 
17.174 
12.337 
9,62S 
4S.590 


\  VKKAGK 
1'KK    A  CUE 


44 


4!) 


And  ihr  iditivt-  is  milv  ;i  |i;irti;i!  showing  i)l'  tin-  rich  a^'ricul- 
lural  cininirv  irilmtarv  t<>  \  iiicriiiics.  and  u'hos-  products  tiiui 
a  market  here.  The  rich  Allison  prairie  in  La\vrence  county, 
lllinoi>.  eMeiidin^'  from  the  \Vahash  Ifiver  hack\\ard>  ahoui 
ei^'ht  miles  and  up  and  down  the  river  ten  miles  prodiux1? 
ahiindant  crops  ot'  all  kinds  of  irrain  which  comes  to  the  \  i;i- 
ceiines  mai'ket  and  equals  alniosi  the  amount  that  conies  from 
KIIOX  county  itself.  This  prairie  is  noted  for  the  fertility  ot' 
Us  -oil.  For  jnany  yearn  t  hi-  rich  prai  rie  was  mo-i  1  v  until  h>r 
culTivat ton,  IICIIIL;'  twice  in  the  \'ear  ovrrilowrd  hv  the  united 


142  A     Hl-ToKY    OK     V[S(    KNNKs. 

water-  of  the  \\  'abash  and  Kmbarras  Hivei--.  Through  tii- 
centre  df  it  extended  a  vast  swamp  called  •'Purgatory  Swamp  ' 
which  wa-  dilliciill  and  dangerous  in  pa--  over  at  anv  season 
of  the  year.  But  this  has  all  been  i-cnicdicd  liv  the  building  of 
levees  to  cniitiiic  the  \vahT-  df  these  rivers,  ami  liy  drainage 
and  tin-  prairie  i-  todav  a-  rich  and  productive  as  any  lamU 
in  tin-  uvst. 

The  iuuiiensr  quantities  of  wheat,  corn.  oat-,  hav  and  all 
agricultural  products  that  are  thrown  on  the  \  mceiuio  mar- 
ket at  prnper  >ea-ons  ]nit  the  transjtortation  companie-  to  ex- 
traordinary exertions  to  sold  it  to  ea.-tcrn  and  foreign  niar- 
kots.  It  i>  stated  1  iv  agent.-  in  thiscitv  buying  wheat  for  easL- 
crn  ]>arties.  and  hv  the  citv  miller-  and  owner.-  of  ditl'ereii: 
cievaii>i>  in  t  he  city,  t  hat  t  lie  wheat  crop  of  Knox  L-()untv  alone 
the  pre-ent  year  \\ill  reach  two  million  lui-hel-.  and  some  givj 
a  Mill  higher  figure.  To  this  Laurence  coiintv.  in  Illinois, 
will  add  at  least  one  million  Inishels  more. 

As  alivadv  stated,  the  countr\  aroiunl  VineeniU's  mi  bolh 
sides  of  the  Wahasli  IJiver  is  adapted  to  the  production  of  ail 
kinds  of  produce.  Within  the  last  decade  the  production  of 
watermelons  and  nutmegs  ha-  readied  such  vast  proportion-' 
that  it  i-  ditliciilt  in  season  uheii  ivadv  for  market  t"  jtrociire 
car-  for  the,r  l  raiis|ioi-tat  ion.  The  points  in  Kimx  count,' 
siiitahle  ami  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  melons  are  Decker, 
I'urcell.  N'liicennes.  Kiuison  and  Haktoun.  and  Sandridgv  in 
Lawi'eiice  coiintv.  Illinm-.  l''roin  these  \arioiis  place-  im- 
meiise  -hipiiieiit-  a  I'e  made  and  the  product  is  Inghlv  pri/e  I 
and  take-  rank  in  the  markets  o!  the  north  and  ea-t  wilh  ih'1 
produce  of  any  other  section.  'I'hc  returns  to  the  prodi:<t:r 
amotinl  to  more  m  proportion  t"  the  time,  lahor  and  aci'eag*1 
.  ;i  led  i  ha  ii  the  pmdiii-t  imi  of  wh  -at,  corn  or  other  gram 
crop-.  And  tin-  indiistn  ha-  mil\  commenced  witlim  a  few 


AGRK'l'I.TURK.  143 

rcncc  in  Illinois  have  all.  kinds  of  soil.  The  high  lands  are 
rich  and  productive  and  adapted  to  any  kind  of  farm  use. 
The  immense  hottorn  lands  on  the  Wahash  and  White  Eivers 
are  especially  adapted  to  the  production,  of  corn  and  hay,  and 
average  crops  can  be  raised  on  these  lauds  without  the  custom- 
ary rains  in  seasons  of  most  severe  drought.  There  is  no  kind 
of  produce  that  is  required  for  the  use  of  man  or  beast  but 
what  can  be  profitably  raised  in  abundance  in  the  country 
around  Vincennes.  It  is.  therefore,  no  idle  boast  to  claim  thar 
A  incennes  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  garden  spot  of  thi 
world. 


1-1-1 


Yilleemie-    ha-   ;ll\V;l\>    luvll    I'll  \'i  H'ill»l  V    lucated    fur   ruimilelVt.'. 

Tin-    \Vaha-il     Ifi\iT    ha-    heell    ;l    ]i;l1lir;l!    hi^hwav    I'eadv    I'"!'    II-'. 

When  tlkTe  weiv  n<>  roads  m1  other  mean-  <d  iiitiT-roiiiinuiii- 
cation  in  tin-  Northwest,  tin-  \\aha>h  lfi\er  was  the  Li'ival 
arkTV  uf  eiiiiinieree  \«r  all  the  inhabitant  s  almiL;  n-  rour>e. 

\\ili-ll     lllc     I'n!     lllrl!     nf     llic     fnfi'-l     \Vrl'l'    lli'l'i'     ill     t  lU'l  T    ii'l<  TV.     ]]) . 

IMI-,!-  nf  nil  llii-v  ?iuivi-vi'(l.  ilir  \\"alia.-li  l»i\rr  \\'a~  lii>  ildi^hi. 
Ili-  liark  i-aiinr  was  all  iliat  di>i  ui'lici]  ii>  crvsial  \\'ab  r«.  And 
\vhrii  lib'  white  nii-n  cauir  and  M'lilrd  almiu:"  n-  lianl\-  and 
Unit  iiji  a  ])rnlitalilc  iradr  \\iili  ilir  Indians,  thr  \Valiiish 
Ilivrr  alT'Tdrd  ill.,  oidv  nn-ans  of  cuiniiiunicalion  \\'ii!i  tin-  iiui- 
-idr  \vurld.  Tlic  "/-.'/•'/////'  >"  <>i'  iln-  "(',,,//•:>  /•'/-/•  linis."  a>  tho 
advain-1'  p^uard  "f  i-omni'Trial  men  \VITC  railed,  navi^iiii-d  it- 
\\alt-r-.  lirin^ini:'  ^'nnd~  and  inrrcliaiidixi1  I' rum  ('anada  1'ui1  ill'1 
i  n  ha  IM  I  a  ni  -  and  cari'vin^  dark  1"  ('anada  the  ]irlt'rir-  and 

n' !-    j  ''.i  !vli;i"fi  1    li'uin    ilir    Indian-.      \\  hrii    ilic   cuiniirv      in- 

iTi'.-i-rd  in  \vc;dili  and  ]»'IMI  lai  inn  ,-nnl  In  Her  ini-iiiis  u|'  ruin- 
niiiidr;i l iun  were  dfiiiandcd  ii i  answer  ilic  iiu-i'cascd  demand- 
"!'  •  uiiiiiici-i  c.  •'..'  -icainliuai  i-ainc  hi  -iipph"  the  demand.  And 

I  lie     \\  ;|  ii;|-!l      I  five  r     \\';|-     II  LI'a  1  II     tile     -J.  I1'  -a  t     a  l'lcr\     iif     c<  .)  ii  n  1 1   ;•.-.. 

I  rum  !  he  int  fuiliict  inn  uf  >te;imlioats  n  ni  1 1  i  lie  ad\  ein  u| 
ra  I  n  Kids  the  \\  ali:i-h  HIM  r  \\  a-  in  it-  n'lorv.  Steaiiilnuii^  M'uni 
N  e\\  ( trlca  n-.  Si.  Lull  i-.  LUII  i~\  il  lc.  ( 'inei  nnal  i  and  I  'ill  -Irur^ 

-     '      I'-     In    tile     Villee|im>     jinrl     ii  lin  II-'     I  he     lii.;i 

-'  a  -ui  .     a-1    '  _    a  huii  i     !i\  c    muni  h-    in    t  lie    \  i  a  r.    and    a  fl  >  " 

-    •        '  '  •       • "' ' .    and    da  m    a  i     i  he    ^'"'a  nd     ra  ]>\<}~       m  ueli 

'_'''.       '      \\  a-     '      e|        IP         llli-i  illllllul       -i'jlll      ti  i    -ff    1  lll'ee    a  ll'i      !":i  I 

-  '•     "     •    it-    :'i'"t!i   '    •    i  »i    "and    M  :--i--iii    If  i\  er-  at    I  In     \  in- 


CoMMKKCK.  145 

re  11  lies  wharf  at  tlir  >anie  time,  and  tlatlioat>  railed  "!>road- 
liunis"  to  earrv  the  produce  of  tlir  countrv  to  the  southern 
markets  could  lie  seen  at  all  time-  passing  the  town.  \\-eiiiiniu 
their  r-lu-Lri-li  way  with  the  (lowing  runvni  to  their  southern 
deputation.  In  J>.'5(i  as  uianv  a>  <si'i>  of  these  Imat-  pa.--ed  hy 
A'inreii lies  hv  actual  count.  'I'd  slmw  the  ininien--e  l>u-m«--s 
Iran-acted  on  the  \Val>ash  Iliver  hy  steamhoat>.  \ve  will  insert 
a  partial  li-t  ni'  the  lioats  thai  tv-uiarlv  ti'aded  with  YiiiceM- 
nes  from  the  various  ports  on  ih-  Mississippi  and  ohid  Uiveis 
from  l>lu  to  l>i:>:  Ar^u>.  Alpha.  Aid.  Adelaide.  Aralnan. 
Banner,  ('iiixeii.  Caledonia,  ('onvevaiice.  Companion.  ( 'eris. 
Cdiiconl,  Culia.  ('dinette,  ('atnden.  Coi'sair.  Cecelia.  Cundier- 
laiid  \~alley.  ('a-ket.  Cdiiianrhe.  Canton.  l>aniel  Ini.ine. 
1'aytdii.  Envoy.  Ejni^rant.  M.xchan^i'.  Klk.  Kxpi-rimont.  Fairy 

(^Ueell.     F'oX.     Faille.       I-'lol'id.a.        daZelle.       dell.       \\arilel'.     Cell. 

Marion.  Glc-aner.  Gen.  [fauna.  Helen  Mar.  Herald.  Men,. 
Hunter.  Home.  11-r-chel.  Harriet.  Hudson,  llilander.  Indian. 
Juniaia.  .la\a.  .lulia.  Craiiot.  .)im  lirown.  Kentucky.  I.ady 
J)ddii.  Ladv  livnm.  Ladv  Madismi.  I/()rieiit.  Lillv  Lancaster. 
Little  Ben  Franklin.  Lo^ansport.  Minor.  Monroe.  Motto.  Mi. 
\"ei-iidii.  Min-ti'el.  Mai'tha.  Manpiette.  Miiier\a.  Maryland. 
Nile.  Xiinrod,  New  Haven.  Nick  of  th.  Wood-.  Nathan  Hale. 
Niagara.  Ne\\ark.  ( isa^e.  Orion.  ()t-e^o.  Ohin.  Othello.  Para- 
-on.  IVim.  Portsmouth,  I'uinaiu.  I'iit-luir-.  I'c-kin.  Pliiladel- 
phia.  1'earl.  Planet.  Uapids.  Ko\cr.  .IJdehester.  Koaiidk''.  le-- 
-ei've.  Svlph.  Si-jeiice.  Slmal  \\aler.  Spy.  Signal.  Shyloek, 
Seioia  lielle.  Spartan.  Salem.  Sahine.  Teeumr-eh.  Tuscumhia, 
Tide.  Tc\a>.  Thauie-.  Tippccanoe.  TcniU'sstn'.  Trav.  1  .  S. 
Mail.  Victor.  \'i^i!ant.  Visitor.  N'ir^'inia.  \VatiM'I(to.  \\'vc>mini;, 
William  IVnn.  \Vm.  Ilalhen.  \Vacauster. 

I  n  \>\'-'<  ;i  cdinpanv  w;is  I'oi'iiieil  ID  ]i]'d\ide  -lack  waler  nav- 
iii'ation  at  the  -rand  rapid-  "]'  ihe  \\"aha-li  Kiver.  Thi-  com- 
!»anv  huih  a  I'u-k  and  darn  ilial  overcame  that  obstacle  in  ihe 


1  M  A     1  I  [STi  'I'.y    "F     VlNt    F.N  NK-. 

river  iiavipition.     Km   tin-  lock  ami  dam  \va-  constructed  of 

w 1  aiii!  in  the  coarse  "I   time  rotted  and  hecaiue  an  oh-taele 

iu  navigation  in-tead  of  an  aid.  Tin-  stockholders  fortunately 
sold  their  -hare-  l"  the  1'nited  State-  and  tin-  Federal  author- 
ities con-t ructed  durahle  and  expensive  work-  of  stone  in  their 
place  at  a  cost  of  near  a  million  dollar-.  Km  thi-  expendi- 
tut1'1  of  money  \\'as  n-ele-s  a-  tin-  -plendid  work-  are  not  u.-i-d 
for  ilic  {nirposrs  ori^'inallv  intcndi-d  and  never  will  lie  of  anv 
u>e  except  for  the  valuaMe  \vater  power  thev  can  furnish. 

The  \\"aha.-h  l»i\ei-  as  an  arterv  of  eommeiv.-  to  trail-port 
the  produce  of  the  \\"al>a.-li  \alle\  to  market  has  lo-t  it-  pn's- 
ti.ife.  The  advent  of  railroad-,  that  wonderful  creative  power 
that  lias  iiiiilt  up  cities  in  localitie-  whei-e  nature  never  de- 

Sijm.-ll     they    sllOtll.l     he    h.ealed.    ha>    1'ohhe,]     the     \Va.l,a-h     Kiv.T 

of  it-  iflor)  a-  a  \\ater\\a\  of  cominen-e  for  ur''iifral  purposes. 
Kill  it  i-  \'e!  and  ever  will  lie  an  aid  and  feeder  for  the  Vin- 
e-line- market.  Several  steamhoaN  navigate  it-  water.-  hoth 
al>ove  and  helow  Villceiuies  at  all  stages  of  water  and  gather 
ii[>  and  hri'iL:  to  tiie  Yineennes  market,  tin-  aiiiindant  ei'op-  of 
the  farm-  alon^  it-  hank  wh.-iv  thev  are  re-shipped  lo  the 
market.-  of  til,-  world  hv  rail.  'I'hi-  DOW  make-,  and  in  future 
will  nieiva-e  the  volume.  \  iiicetines  one  of  the  lar^'e-t  and 
lie-t  point-  for  the  piireha-e  and  shipment  of  produce  in  the 

\\"e-t.     'I'lle     jil'olitahle     aild      1'e  11!  11  1  ]  e  I'a  1  I  \  e      IlllsillrSS     "  f      \"ille"Il- 

!;••-.  no\\  vei-y  heavy,  i-  eon.-tantly  on  the  increase,  and  from 
the  nature  of  thin^-.  will  continue  to  increase  with  acceler- 
.-it'-d  force  \\ith  the  impro\ement  and  ile\  elopment  of  thi- 
''!"•.  There  i.-  no  point  in  the  Y\  •-]  thai  "11',-r-  lu-iter  ad- 
•  '  '  ;°.i>  in  all  department-  of  active  life  than  \  nii-emies. 

\\  tlile   tile    \\'ali;l-h     li'ixi'l'   ha-   ceMSed    to   lie    ill,-   ai'tef\    of    trad.' 
ill    lllerce  a-    M     Wa-    ill    llle    pa-I.    \    lllcelllle-    1-    ||oW    -llpplied 

«  '  railroad  faeilnie-  that  more  than  c.>mpen-ate  thi-  |o<-. 
1 ' . .  roads  a  ]••  I  he  ^real  a  rt  <-ri---  of  eomn  •  "•  •  .vhii-li  ha  \  ••  in -en 
,  .•••;•  .  ,  ,  •  ,  _  mi  i  p  of  ma  i  ind  '.',  :  •,  ha\  e  iv  e^rai  i-d 


CO.MMKKCK.  147 

to  the  rear  in  many  cases  rivers,  canals,  and  macadamized 
roads.  Yincenm>  is  now  connected  by  the  railroad  to  Terre 
Haule  and  thence  by  direct  connection  with  Chicago,  the 
•nvatest  railroad  center  in  the  world,  with  the  entire  northern 
country.  The  railroad  to  Indianapolis,  the  capital  of  the 
state,  and  the  second  railroad  center  in  the  West.  Drives  it 
connection  with  all  points  in  the  Kast.  The,  railroad  to  Cin- 
cinnati and  its  Louisville  brand),  opens  up  the  entire  Kast  and 
Southeast.  The  railroad  to  Kvansville  and  its  southern  con- 
nections, ripens  up  the  South.  The  railroad  to  Cairo  at  the 
junction  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  liivers.  opens  up  the  en- 
tire Southwest.  And  the  railroad  to  St.  Louis  opens  up  the 
entire  West.  These  various  railroads  and  their  close  connec- 
tions open  up  a  direct  communication  with  all  points  of  the 
coin pa^>  and  make  Vinceniies  a  railroad  (-enter  of  no  >ma!l 
importance. 


\    1!   i-fllMr-     !ia-     i  ut -II     tint  I'll     I'M  I'    I  lie     lilli •!'    nL     11-     L'ral<Tll,i! 

-<  M-iri  It-.     Thi-  i-  r\  iilciirr  nf  thr  iiiutUii!  ivi;;i  r<!  ;m<!   t'r 
-lii]i  nf  it-  en  ixrii-  I'm1  I'iich  i>l  lii-r. 

Alll'iHU    tllr-r     I'l'Mti-niitio    tlli'    l!!>l     plan'    i-    lllli'    1"    till-     M,l- 

-n\    i-  (>nlrr.     Tlii    lir>i    l'i'l:_:'r  nl'  Ma-'>n-  \va-  i>ru'aiii/.cil   lirt.> 

Mai1'']]     ol.      I>"!l.     Ulliii'f    lllr     (ifallil      I.'n|-r    nf     K.'tH  Uckv.     alli: 

u'a-  NII.   >   uiiil't'  thai    .i  11  ri-i  i  ii-t  i"):.      \\'hi'ti   thi-  (irain!    l."':_ 
nf  Iinliana  \\'a-  t'"nii'-ii  ii  r-urfriiili-i't'il  thai  I'liarti-r.  ainl  "ii  thf 
I-':    nl'  .lanuarv.    lvlv.   rcrrixnl  ntii-   I'rmn   the  (iraiul    I.-  '_>' 

I  •  il  ana  ; "  •;  "^  \  ••  >.  1 .  \vhii-li  pn  mil  i\  ••  ra  nk  n  ha-  c\  i-r  -i  iii-.- 
ii  aiinaiiii'il.      'I'ln1   i".]--  •    nirrt>    thr   tir-i     Mmiila\       in     i-;u  i: 
tii. 

Tin-   \"  i  iiii'inic-   i.''  i\  a  '   A  fi       i          itcf  N-i.   1    nii-i-t-  thr  .-IT-I] 
M  .1  >!a\   in  i-ai-li  nn  •  i 

Tin'   \'iin-i-iipc-  ('1.11111-1!    N'.i.  '.'  iin'i'i-  i  in'  i  in  r.:    M'liula 

T         \'iiii-r!iiH-    ( 'iiiiiinamli  r\      \".   ''< '.    l\  "  :  ^:  I-    'I'l-m  '•  a  r. 
11    ••  '  -  i  In1  fi  MI  n  !  i   M  i  'iii  :a  v  in  i.-ai-li  IIP  Mil  h. 

T    i-  a!"  i\  !•  ar«-  a  1 !   Ma-<»n  !••  iVal'-rn  il  ii--  ain!  niri-1  al   1  '::••  Ma- 
Ti'in|ii.-  .in  •  if  ci  inii'i'  nl'  Main  ainl  Thi  ril  -1  r'-i'l  -. 

! '      ..u  -   nii'i'i-  at   <  I'M    1-".  \\»\\    Hal!      •    ih-'  mi'n.'i'  i»l    >n 


-1  IVrl  -    rViTV        I   lir-      a  \      r\ 


>,-'.'< 


-    \Va    ,,-      \n.    i"i 


FKATKRMTII->.  149 

Jetl'ei>on  ('.  Davis  l'o>t  No.  Id  of  tin-  (.ifaiK.l  Army  nf  the, 
L'ejiiiMic  meet-  the  lir.-t  and  fourth  Fridav-  in  eaeh  month. 

I'iankeshn\v  Lodge  N'o.  !<>>  of  ihe  Improved  Order  of.  iiol 
MVu  meets  every  Wednesday  on  ihe  corner  of  Second  and 
Bfoadwav  streets. 

Tlie  Home  Forum.  .Vo.  .V.Hi,  uf  the  .Itiniie  Funim  IjeiicLt 
Oi'der.  meets  every  Tuesday  <m  vhe  corner  «[  Seventh  and 
I'M'i'adu'ay  streets. 

Si.  FraiK-is  Xavier  "Jiraiu-h  Xn.  ^."iti  of  ilu-  ('athi.ilie  lvnm:i;; 
of  Aniei'ii-a  meets  on  the  second  and  fourth  Sunday-  in  ead. 
m<>nth  at  St.  Francis  Xaxier  Hall. 

Si.  .John's  TJranch  Xo.  ."):;:'>  of  the  (".'atholi,-  Knight-  of 
America  meets  everv  seeoiid  and.  fourth  Thnr>dav>  in  each 
month  at  Si.  .John's  Hall. 

Si.  1',-iul  ( 'oimnandery  of  tlie  Uniform  Ilankof  t'lK-  Catholic 
Knight-  of  America  meets  the  second  and  fourth  Thursday-  of 
each  nn  ml  li  at  Si .  .John's  1  lal  I. 

Vincenne-  Lodge  No.  ^'.i  of  the  Ancient  <  >rder  of  Fnited 
\\"orknien  meets  every  Thursdav  at  the  0'">i'ncr  oi!  Main  mio 
l-'ifth  streets. 

\  inceiine-  T.odge  \o.  \'!il.  of  1  he  Benevolent  am!  Protective 
( trder  of  Flks  meet-  every  Thursday  in  their  hall  on  the  corner 
of  Koiirth  and  Main  streets. 

The  Yinceitne-  Council  N'o.  f!T-l  of  the  N'atii-inal  Cnion 
meet-  the  second  and  fourth  Mondav-  of  each  month  on  cnr- 
ner  nf  M;i  in  ;ind  Fi  ft h  si  reel-. 

IMaio  ('oinicil  No.  I'.i-j  of  the  ROVM!  Aroanum  in^-et-  every 
Thursdav  at  .">lo'o  Main  sti'cct. 

Molhich  Court  No.  !.")  of  the  Trihe  of  Hen  HIM-  meets  the 
second  and  fourth  Kridavs  of  eacii  nionih  at  r'dd  Fello\v^ 
Hal:. 

'I  eciiin.-eh  Camp  No.  :>'.i!.~>  nf  ihe  Modern  \\oodmon  of 
Americii  meets  lirsi  and  third  Thur-dav-  of  each  month  ;H: 
O.lil  Fellow-  Hall. 


lf><i  A    H:M'"I:Y   UK   YINCKNNK>. 

LI  m  wo,  .d  ( 'a  in] >  N'n.  '•''  1  i if  ill'1  Woodmen  of  ihc  World  moor. 
la-t  Saturday  nf  each  month  at  tin-  corner  of  Main  and  Fifii) 
-treeis. 

The  Kort  ni^ln  lv  Literary  ('lull  meet-  the  second  and  fourth 
Wednesdays  of  each  month  at  the  City  Hall  at  \?  :'•'>"  p.  in. 

The  Independent  < >rder  u['  li'nai  l>'rith  V.\v.  ('liain  Lod-e 
No.  ''n'l  inert?-  lir.-t  and  third  Sunday-  in  each  month  at  cor- 
ner of  s,.\e!ii!i  and  Broadu'av  streets. 

I  >'•!  hlellelll     Senate     NII.     "1.">II    nf    l)|'     Km.li'lltS    (if    tile    .  \llci..-!;  • 

Ksst-nic  ( Jrdfi'nieeis  !ii>l  and  t  liird  Tuoda  \  >  of  each  month  ai 
:5H»i ._,  Main  street. 

\"incennes  l.od^'e  NO.  '.i.'id  of  tlie  l\ni.L;'ht>  of  Honor  ineji- 
tir-t  and  third  \\"edne-da\>  of  each  month  at  o  1  u  1  L.  ^[ai;i 

.-1  IVrl. 

li'evie\\  LodlTe  .No.  '.\i'<'i  ^i  tile  KniLi'lits  and  Ladies  of  |[oi;.'r 
meets  on  iiie  tirst  and  ihird  Mondav-  of  each  month  at  i)!"1^ 
Ma  in  si  n-et . 

The  ('olumliian  lieadin^:  l.'in-lr  meet-  f\\\  the  second  .iu.1 
foiinh  \\'ednesdav>  of  each  month  at  the  ri>iileiice>  of  ii;o 

Illelll  lic|>. 

St.  JohnV    I»eiie\ul:'iii    SMI  ;.•••.    meets  t'\erv   Sundav  at    S, 
.lohnV  Sclioo!  Hall. 

Aaron  Mit.-heiier  LO,)-,  No.  :!:i  nf  the  I'niied  Brother^  •  . 
Krieiid-hi|!  (  colored  i  meet^  lir-t  and  i  h  i  rd  Thur>davs  of  e<t<_ h 

nth  at    1  n-M  o  l-Ji-l   Ma  i  n  -t  reet . 

Li  Hie.-  of  (he  \'a!|e\  U'ell!]i|"  NO.  Ml!.  All\lliiai'\  1"  tilO 
I"  II!  led  I  '.fit  hep-  "['  I-'rie]ldr-!l  !  1'.  Illeet  -.  -eel  <\[>\  a  lid  i' 

Tl      r-d      -  of  eae]  •      .,•    IO-M  .,   |.;J1S|    Main  street. 

The      I  lariliollic      \'i'|'.       '        •      eel  -  '       •       Col'll  M'     (if     Tilifd      ;1         , 

[)ll--ero|l     -1  feet-. 

T    .•  I'ala.  e  i   In!,  me.  •  -  ;/  :,->\\  North  Second  -i  reet. 

T  I'a-tillle    I  :  \-    »\       N'oi'tll    Seculld    ~t  I'eet. 

Tile    T-'i         |||~,  I  ',      ,    -      I  e,-t  ~    ;|t      I  llejr        io;|l      lloll- 

ef.     fi  'Ot      M         \|  .;'.-•   '  .        ;  . 


The  Teiitonia  ('lull  meets  at  St.  John's  Hall. 

The  unler  of  "Amerieano"'  was  iveentlv  initiated  in  this, 
eit}'. 

A  wandering  herd  of  N'ohle  and  JKxalted  Buffaloes  while 
pa»ing  through  tlie  city  last:  spring  were  captured,  domiciled 
and  incorporated  with  the  other  fraternal  orders  of  tlu>  citv. 
Although  it  eoines  late  it  has  made  rapid  strides  and  it  is 
stated  hy  those  who  claim  to  he  advised  thai  its  membership 
equals  any  other  fraternal  order  in  tliv  city.  \\'e  are  not  ad- 
vised of  the  purposes  of  this  ordei1.  hut  from  representations 
of  its  memhers  we  wish  it  well,  it  is  to  he  hoped  it  will  exLt 
longer  and  do  more  good  than  either  of  its  illustrious  pred<> 
eessor>.  the  ''Thousand  and  Onr"  or  the  "/,V/V/////y//x  l'r^//.s.'' 
The.  first  and  present  grand  exalted  raiiehinan  id  Orestes  ('. 
1'hillips. 


<  11  ) 


A      1  I  [-  i  "1M      Hi      VlMKNN  !•>. 


Ill-   ilitvrtrtl    his    til'-t    aUrtlliull    In    i->1;ll>li>llilli:   M-hnnl-.       (III!    nf 

li  i-  u\vn  -I-M  in  v  nicaii>  hi1  rnmiiiriirrd  five  s,-lmnls  !'<  n1  l  In1  nlu- 
ratinj]  nf  iln-  \mith.  Uiii  In-  \\a-  inn  -non  rn-allnl  in  make  any 
jH'i'iiia  iii-iii  hi-ail\vav.  \\liMi  l>i-hn]i  llpiitr  ranir  lid1"  MI  l^-">! 
in-  rallcil  in  lii>  ;iid  .-mil  a  —  i-iam-i-  the  Sisters  nf  ('hariu 
t'l'Miii  I5a i'i l-iii\\  n .  Ki-iHUckv.  ainl  n]n-iicil  a  I'I'IT  sclmn]  lop  iii,- 
1-1 1  iii-a  i !'  MI  nf  \niuii:'  lailir>.  II"  ;I!MI  njn-in'il  annthi'i"  h'ci1 
M-liin»|  fur  men  aih!  l>n\>.  'I'lif-i-  M-linnl-  vvi'iT  inaintaiiici]  li\ 
1'uinl-  -iij-ji]  ii-i|  liv  tin-  lii-lm)!  liiin-cir.  1 1,-  i-  iliiTct'nr.-  • 

lli'il      In      i-    cal  Iril     |!)i'     fa  I  IP'!'    nf     ill'.'     fl'i'i'     >  -ll'inl     ~\'Sli'|||     1 1  f     I  II- 

.   !  |i    ;i  MI  ,-taMi-ln-i!  Si.  i  ,;i!iri,-r~  (  nllr-v  hnv  iii   1  >:'.>. 
••  .  r  !•  hirali'iii  which  ua-  imi   fn-f.  ainl  uhidi  ilurin^   its 

••\ :  -'  •  •     r        i!   a    !;i  I'Ll'i1  allfiiilaiii-i-    I'l'i  'in    all    |>ar1-   nf    !  '::•     \Vr-| 

llii-  Si 
Y,  i    nut  \\  ii  h-iaiii!inu   '      -'    •      ili-iii-r-  L;i\  en  h\    ilu-  ( 'ailin 

I'niiaui-  nf  !r;i rniii^-.  ii  ha-  lii-rii  rlaini'-il  a'i'l 
i  hi-  •  L;  in  .r; i  n  i .  i  hat  I  hi-  (  'ai  h"l  ii-  rhn  I'rh  i-  un- 
'•aniiiiL1.  'I'h.i-  I  '  •  ,••  I'ai-t  i  ha  i  all  1  in- 

Lfi-'-al       •      i-r-ii  ii->    in    l-li  1 11 u'rr.-  i-~iaiil  i-lici|   li\    llii-    I  'a  jiai-v. 

Si  IMP  M  •  ~i  iinix  i-r.-il  ii  -  ha\  i  <.<  --•-•  •  I'min  I  h«-  i-"iil  mi  n  f 
1  . . '  '  i-i.i-i  -i  IH-I  '  •  '  i-'-fi  inna  I  i'  •!!.  i  'i:  I 

IM       '!     '     i-ii      IM    _   •.  •      Iii  in  n  r    '  •  >    u  h>  Mil 

•  - 

'»'       '  '  '  .     I  ."'  M  '    <     .,         '••   .    n|         "    :  •    -j      '  •    ;,  '._  •;  |'a  l.-l]     P'-r- 

'     •      I  '  !      .'"-'•       "!'    I  •       -_r  •'/.  ."-.-'      '-'.I!'-  na  --,•  ; 


"At  a  conjuncture  of  unrivalled  inteiv-t  m  the  history  of 
letter-,  a  man  never  to  lie  mentioned  without  reverence  hv 
everv  lover  of  letters,  held  the  hiirhe-t  place  in  Kurope.  Our 
attachment  to  the  LVotestam  religion  must  not  prevent  us 
from  paving  the  irihute  \vhicli  on  this  occasion  and  in  this 
place  justice  and  gratitude  demand  to  the  founder  of  the  I  ni- 
ver-iiv  of  (ilasirow.  ihe  greatest  of  the  revivor-  of  h-a-rnini:. 

1'ooe    XiehohlS    the   Fifth." 


HIGH   SCHOOL. 


And  the  I'aciiliv  of  this  miiversitv  durim:  the  present  vear 
on  ihe  celehration  of  it-  •")')( u 1 1  anniversnrv.  sent  eonipliment- 
arv  resolutions  to  I'ope  I  ,eo  XIII.  ackno\vledu"inir  ihe  delit 
of  u'ral  il  ude  the  university  o\\ed  to  the  papacv.  lo  which  the 
I'ope  appropriately  replied.  Hut  u'eiieral  piihlicitv  has  not 
IK-CM  Lriven  to  it.  Thi>  charge  a^ain-t  the  ('allmlic  church  i- 
of  a  kin  to  thai  -imilar  charge  that  the  church  does  not  rli- 
(•oura»'e  the  reading  of  the  scriptures.  The  fact  i.-  thai  all  the 


i  :ich  cccle-iaMical  •, . ',-;r.  \'<\\\  these  fal>e  charges  were  to  he 
expected  anil  \\eiv  aM  foiviohl  liv  the  Sa\iop  a-  recorded  in 
Maihew.  chapter  \.  verse  1  1.  nr  more  positively  in  .lohn.  chap- 
ter Hi.  veise  ','.  The-e  charge-  a iv  siirns  of  pivmonu  ion. 

In  addition  in  these  schools,  ai  a  lai  -r  date,  private  -chooU 
\voiv  started  I iv  Samuel  I,'.  (  ro>by.  Mr.  Knnis  and  Mr.  \Vil- 
kcixm.  These  latter  schiml-  \\cre  ii'ii  Tivr  Inn  tuitinn  \vas 

elia  I'll'i'i  1     for   attelli  !;l  lice. 

The  sehnn]   facilities  iif   N'ineeinies  ai    the   present    time  are 

1'ijiial  tu  llidM'  'if  an\'  place  m  ilic  \\c-t.  and  far  superior  lo 
man  v. 

Tlic  \  iiieeniies  I  ii  i  \'ei'.~i  I  \'  i>  \\hal  il>  name  implies,  and 
alVord-  opport  mi  1 1  v  j'nr  a  higher  edueatiun  dpia!  lo  aii\'  uni- 
vei>ity  in  the  \\'c-i.  h  ha>  an  active  a-  d  energetic  hoard  of 
tru-tees  who  are  fnllx  ;;li\i'  lo  the  interests  of  the  universitv. 
I:  .-  numerously  attended  by  students  from  ihr  citv  and 
con  my  and  embrace-  in  its  en  rrieiiimn  ma  n  v  fnun  other  states. 
\'>  in.~t  it  in  ion  of  iearnin^  otl'er-  belter  faciliin-  for  a  com- 
plci"  and  lini-hed  education  ihan  the  \'ineenne>  I 'niversit  v. 

The  public  M-.hools  of  tli.-  city  are  of  a  lii^li  order.  The 
lli^ii  School  partako  :n  a  ^'r^al  nica-ure  of  univer.-itv  i'eat-- 
ure>.  AN  brain-he?,  of  learning  an-  there  laii^'hi.  In  connec- 

tion  \\nii  the  MIL:!I  Scl i  and  -iibordinale  thereto,  there  an- 

1  .-1  a  i -i  in  ra!  -dioo!  in  the  hea  rl  of  ihe  cit  v,  '.'d  i  he  \ori  h  \'in- 

ceuii''S    School,   od    the   South    \\'eSl    School    ill    (he    lo\Vel'    part    of 

tin-  cil    .      '      the    l-last    Public   School    in    ihe  !'a.-l    pan    of   ihe 

citv.    .".iii    ihe    Soiitheiisl     I'lii'lir    School    for   colored    children, 

an  1   •'• :     •    •    -i  : !    in    <  >klal  •      a.  a   -uberb  of   the   ciiy.      All 

lhe~e  «chools  ilu'oii^h   llie   uaichfiil   care  and    vigilance  of  the 
I  I1     - '  •  *  -    a  I'e    -•;  ;  i1 1       i|  .     impi-ldil     leaellers    a  lid      are 

itti  '  di  d.      The.-e    |iuidi<-   -'  hooU  are    under   iln-    manage 
n     nt    of    i  hi  e-Viciciil     board  of   i  ru>tees  : 


Knjivih'  Hack,  president  :  M"as<m  J.  Nihlack.  secretary:  ami  T. 
II.  AYillis.  t  reasnivr. 

Ill  addition  in  these  puhlic  school-  the  folln\viiiir  oilier  paro- 
chial schools  arc  maintained  and  arc  all  numerouslv  attended: 

St.  Francis  Xavicr.  parochial  school  for  l>ovs  and  St.  IJosc 
Acadcinv  I'm-  irirls.  under  the  ilirectinn  o[  the  Sisters  of  I'mvi- 


CENTRAL  SCHOOL. 
dellee.        Tlli'-e     Schools     are      (M'iU't  lCJl!  1  \       free     a>     lln     tllllliill      i- 

eliar^'cd  and  nnlv  ilm-e  \vh<>  feel  themselves  alile  are  i-xpected 
nr  required  in  pav  for  the  iniiinn  of  iheir  children. 

The  Si.  .Inhn's  (ierinan  Catholic  Schools  for  hoys  and  >rirls 
are  also  under  llie  care  of  tlu-  Sisters  of  Providence  and  are 
n  luiierolisl  \'  al  lended. 

The  Si.  .John's    Lutheran   School    \«r   liovs  and   u'irls   under 


ir>i'i  A      I  I  [-TI  iKY     oK     \'  IN<    l.NNK~. 

ilii-  direction  nl1  Si.   John's   Lutheran   ehuivh.   and   supported 
li\    tllr  coiiLnvplt  i«'ll   oft  !i;il    church. 

Tin-  Kvanp-lical   Sri  .....  I   fur  IMIVS  anil   -iris  under  tin-  con- 
trol of  llif  K\anuvlic;il  church  Mini   -li-taiiin!   l,v   ilint   (MIII--]T- 


>rl  l;l      -cimi-  ;|l'c        !irr;l\'    j  i;l  1  l'i  )|  1  1  '/.<•(       iV      lli'l!' 
rcSjK'CliVf    rilllLl'l't'^'ilt  iiHlS.         Ill     lllr    IlLl'U'l'i'U'ill:'     llli'\      ll;l\r    ;lllllii>| 

a~  l;iri:'r  ;in  altcinlanct1  a-  al  the  ]iiiliii<-  school?-. 

The  V  iiicrinir-  Shnrihaii'l  In-iiiuir  for  teaching  shoriluind 
anil  \\lnch  i-  \vrll  ]iMl  ronixi-il  a:nl  iia~  M-IH  out  iiianv  pupil- 
M'ho  ha\:'  !'I>UIH!  ivadv  and  rcnunicrMt  ivr  ciiiploviiH-nl.  hoi  h  in 
tlif  rii\  and  in  other  states,  in  all  iminrln's  of  Imsincss. 

h  \vil!  \»'  ol)>crvcd  that  \inci-niics  i-  \vrll  >ii]ipl  ir,)  with 
M-liool  I'jii-iliiirs.  atVoi'din--  all  |i«-i-sons  a  \\'idr  ran^.-  to  select 
from.  It  is  ili'-rcforc  .-vidcni  that  N'iiicrnncs  alVonls  MS  iriiod 
;f  nut  >ii]nirin]1  ad\  a  niaL!'1--  over  anv  poim  in  the  \\'c-t  for  the 
cdiK-ai  ion  of  children. 


M  AMTACTrKK!' 


MAXrFACTt'HKS. 

Mann  fact  urine;  industries  were  nui  encouraged  for  many 
years  in  Yincenno.  Within  ilu-  lust  twenty  year-  the  atten- 
tion of  her  citixeiis  ha-  been  called  to  their  importance  and 
strenuous  exertions  have  heen  put  forth  to  secure  them.  This 
dial  I!/;-  i-  due  in  a  irrcut  niea>ure  to  the  Board  of  Trade  and 
the  encouragement  it  ha-  shown  for  all  manu  I'actunnii"  indus- 
tries  and  to  -ecure  their  location  in  this  citv. 

Main  year-  ago  David  S.  Bonner.  a  very  wealthv  man, 
bewail  the  man  u  I'act  u  re  of  cotton  \'arn.  lie  huill  a  large  mill 
and  employed  manv  men  and  women.  But  his  venture  was 
not  successful  and  invoked  him  in  financial  ruin. 

Some  time  after  IMS  ( 'hri.-l  ian  Ivratx  and  William  Heil- 
man  came  here  .for  the  purpo-e  of  locating  and  establishing 
an  iron  fonndrv.  Thev  Yvi-hed  a  location  on  the  river  front 
hut  none  of  the  proprrlv  o\\  ners  on  the  river  front  would  -ell 
to  them.  They  remained  here  some  time  and  failing'  to  secure 
a  suitable  locution,  thev  went  to  K\an-\  ille  and  there  located 
am!  established  an  iron  foundry  which  was  verv  succe»ful. 

At  a  later  date  Me.— r-.  Miller  \  Cannon  came  here  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  an  iron  fonndrv.  Thev  selected  an 
old  brick  stable  on  the  wot  corner  of  Second  and  Buntm 
streets  and  lilted  it  up  and  had  their  furnace  reudv  to  he^iu 
work.  Thev  had  expended  all  their  mean-  in  having  patterns 
made  and  other  necessurv  articles  connected  with  their  busi- 
ness and  were  unable  to  pay  their  rent.  Suit  wa>  brought  and 
on  the  judgment  recovered  their  entire  plant  was  sold  and 
this  infant  industry  desi  roved.  The  old  brick  building  was 
never  used  (or  any  purpo>e  and  the  line  pattern-  were  onlv 
u-cil  for  whit  1 1  i  HL:'  pu  rpo-o. 

In  view  of  these  discoura.u'inu'   Tact-  an  enternrisinir  citixen 


iviiia  rked  th;il  \  illceniles  \Vould  never  advance  lllllil  lllere 
were  tweiiM  up  twenty-live  funeral-  aniom:  the  \\valthv  classes 
in  the  city.  \Vell.  that  tinir  ha.-  vim*'.  The  times  have 
changed  and  an  airuTessive  spirit  has  taken  hold  <>f  lh"  citi- 

zen-   lliTr.       Tlli'\'    are    How    -I  ri  \  |  n  '_f    \V||h    lllllleil    action     for    tile 

location  of  all  kinds  of  nianu  fad  iiriii";  industries.  The-e 
t-H'ort-  liave  ali'eadv  U-'ii  satisfactorv  and  the  nio\enienl  is 
irainiiiL:'  accelerated  force  \viili  the  pas-mi;-  nioiuhs.  Ainoni: 
the  pri  lid  |iai  estah!  i.-hiiient  -  alreadv  seciii'ed  \\'e  notice  The 
following-: 

I'h'    \  iiicejines   Iii'idu'e   ('oinjianv   for  llie   inanu  fad  n  re  and 
hii!  Idin^"  of  ii'oti  hi'id^es.  ardies  and  structural  \vork  \\diich   is 

>lleces.-i'ul!  V     colllH't  illll"     \\ltll       older      e-  t  a  hi  i  -h  1  1  le!  1  1  -     111     other 


The  \'i  lice  niies  (  i  la--  I''a<  tor\-  no\\   in  course  uf  con  si  nict  ion 
and    iiearinu'  coni|i!ei  inn.   for  the   ma  mi  fact  lire  uf  ^la--.     Thi- 

The    !  ni'M'-State   Ih-iilliiiL;'   t'oni|ianv   i-   one  nf   the   laru'e-t 
'    -!    llcrie-  in   tile  eoiinin   and  i-  rtiiuiinu'  at    it-  utino-t   i-;ipac- 

I  he    (  'en  l  ra  1     1-  oil  in  !  rv    (  'oni  na  n\'    lor    the    man  u  I  act  u  iv    of 
'  :•  ••'    -e\\er  1'ijie.     This  i-  the  -,-cond   largest    iilant  of  the  kind 

'      '     ."    I     lilted     Si  ale-. 

The    Kau'lf    l>re\\er\    ,,|'    Ilaci\    \    Sinmn.    \\'ho-e    [iroduei     is 
in    thi'   -tale   and    i-    hei  HIT  -n  ]  >|>l  led    no|    i  m  1  \    in 
•  ;   •  cit  \  .  hiii   to  a  II  the  -ti  rroii  ndin^  cit  ie-  and   to\\'ii-. 

T    |e    .I.rloi     [''.hller     Ice    I  'o|M|ia  II  \      fi  >f     the    lliailll  facl  ll  I'e    of     ice 

and   ha      ni'-  a  i  -a  pacji  \    uf  '.'i  in   ton-  a    da  \  . 

'I     •    Mean;    >a\\    Mill   of   the    \l--r-.  (ilo\er   \vhich   employ- 

.  rj'e   •   .rce  and   i-  doin^  a    lar^v  and    prolilahle  !iii-i  in'--. 

i    «•   \  iiicenii's  \\ali-r  Snpp]\    ('ompaiis    \\itii   a    plant   eeiia! 

to  at         '     '    e   \Vc-i    and   ha\ini:'  a    \\aier   io\\er   '.'In    fcei    ln-li 
lent    cai  iaei  :  v     t'.   -u  hpl  \~     t  he     \\  a  nt-  «i  a    cit  v   of 


M  ANTFACTrKKS.  !")!» 

The  Vincennes  Kgg  Cast-  Companv  for  the  manufacture  of 
egg  eases  and  is  run  <lav  and  night  to  supply  the  increasing 
demand  foi1  its,  product. 

The  Yinceiines  .Paper  ('ompaiiy  for  the  manufacture  «>f 
paper  with  a  splendid  plant  of  the  latest  and  most  improved 
machinery  and  running  dav  and  night  to  enahle  it  In  fill  its 
orders. 

The  A'inceimes  Klivtric  Light  and  PI i we r  ('ompanv  i-  in 
successful  operation. 

The  Wahash  A'alley  Foundrv  for  the  inanu  fact  lire  of  steam 
boilers  and  all  kinds  of  mill  machinerv  is  doing  a  line  busi- 
ness. 

The  liroadwav  Mill.-  imw  lieing  enlarged  and  furnished 
u'iih  ne\v  and  improved  machinery  and  when,  completed  will 
have  a,  eapaeitv  <>L'  '.(Hi  hari'els  of  t'our  a  day. 

The  Viiicennes  l^levator  Conijiany  fur  the  ]>urchase  and 
-lui-age  of  all  kinds  o!'  gi'ain. 

Tin-  Alias  1-llevaior  for  the  purchase  and  storage  of  wlieat 
and  corn,  witli  a  storage  eapaeitv  of  a  quarter  million  lui-hel- 
»f  grain. 

'!'he  Alias  Mills  for  the  manufacture  of  llmir  and  runniiiL:' 
dav  and  night  and  turning  out  'w*|(i  harrel>  of  tiour  ]»er  dav. 

The  Baltic  Mills  for  the  mam:  fad  lire  of  com  nieal.  and 
running  at  it-  utmos!  eajnicitv  dav  ami  ni^'hi  to  enahle  ii  to 

su  ]  ipl  \'   1 1  s  ell  -t  oiliei's. 

Tin-  Citi/ens"  (ia>  Light  C'ompam  \\"ith  a  line  plain  and 
doing  a  pro  livable  and  successful  business, 

Tin-  City  Kleci  ric  Light  Conijtany  erected  in  l>!i(.'  and  with 
the  laiot  and  iinpt'oveil  inachinerv.  is  now  lighting  t!ie  entire 
cit  \  under  a  ci ml  raci . 

The  \"iiicennes  Citixeiis"  Street  !  Jail  road  with  a  power  llousr 
of  its  own  and  running  its  ears  through  the  business  portion 

ol   the  eit  v  and  I  o  ma  n  v  1 101  in  s  in  t  h  •  \'  ici  n  1 1  \ 

i 

The  \" in cei i nes  ( ia!\  ani/.ed   I  ron  \\"oi-'k-  for  the  manufacture 


nf  -lair,  tin  ;iiiil  iron  roo|iir_r  ;in<l  ii'al  \  a  ni/.ed  iron  cornice  and 
iloinir  ;m  cMcii>i\c  luisinc»  .md  lining  lar^e  contracts  ;ii 
home  and  in  main  oilier  -talcs  in  the  North  and  Smith. 

'I'd-'  Viiicrnnc-  \n\cltv  M  a  nil  far!  uri  n--  ('ompanv  for  the 
maim  fact  11  iv  of  all  kind-  of  jc\vdrv  and  line  a  lirar  and  U-injj; 
the  niilv  cstalili-liment  ci'  the  kmd  m  tin-  ruuntrv.  and  is 
hei  PL:'  run  all  t  li  •  time  to  riiaiilr  1 1  to  .-u)i]u\  t  lie  incivasiiiiT  ilr- 
niand  I'm-  its  products. 

Tin-  Vi-o  Mill-  for  the  man  ill  aejii  iv  of  llmii'  and  corn   i  in -ill. 

The  I  iiinii  l''lf\al'T  ('(iMinanv  fur  the  juirclia^1  find  slor- 
a.i:'i'  "!'  ;i  1 1  ki  nd-  nf  ifrnin. 

The  inaehiiie  and  rciiair  -ln>|i-  ul'  (  'onvcrv  \  lleckei-  fur  ihe 
repair  and  maniilac! Hiving  nf  all  kinds  of  null  and  iiirriciilt- 
ural  inacliint'i'v. 

The  \Va-on  Works  ..f  .1.  V.  Miller  ,V  Sons  I'or  the  mami- 
laeiui'e  n|'  \\'a^iin-  and  Itiiii'^rics  and  doinir  a  Isirifc  luismcss, 
tilling  order-  imi  onlv  at  lintiie  hill  in  nian\'  l'oretL:'n  -late-. 

Tlic  \\ai:""i]  and    P>r.L!'^'\    \\o|-|<>cd    Sailer  \'  Smdep.  doine'  a 

la  I'LI'e    alld     |i|'nli  |;d>!r     I  ill-l  lie--. 

The  Ilariv.ell  l'>rn-.  ('oiiipanv  fur  ihe  maim  fact  iin1  of 
Im-korv  handl"-  and  carnaLf  >tock  p-n^rallv  and  rinnnn^' 

eoll-lailt  IV    In    keep    IIP    \\'  i  1  1 1     llle    demand     fnf    it-    )H'odlle|. 

I  he  llarlman  Maim  faet  urini;'  ('omjianv  for  the  manufact- 
ure n|'  all  kind-  of  a^ridi  It  n  ra  1  macliiiuTV. 

•  i  •  i       \  i      •         ii       i    \  \ '       i    \  i          i* 
I  •  e    Marion    1 1  a  I'd    \\ooil    \|  a  nu  lad  u  n  111:    (  oin|'an\. 

I  In1  I'.ii  iiTjin-e  Siu\c  <  oni|iaii\  for  ihe  mami  fact  urc  of 
-tn\e-  and  i  roil  \\ork  ^'ciH-ralh  m  cuiiiiccl  ion  t  !i  •  re\\  n  h. 

I  Me  hi'.  Knajip  Sanitarium  for  the  treatment  of  ail  di-- 
ea-e-  of  ih,.  ,.\ ,..  ra  )•  a  nd  im-c. 

The    I  ij'alld      i  lolrl.    olle     of    l]|r     till   •-]      1 1 ,  ,- 1  ,  •  |  |'je-     j||     1  ||e     \\'e-I. 

and   latch    en  la  r^cd  and    i  m  IIP  >\  e, !. 

Tin        I'll!.. II       I*,      n. I       Motel      ::;i-     a  I  \Vjl_-  -     c-i  ilillllil  II' !*•<  |     a      hir-e 

at  rmiae'e  "I    1    •     I  ravi    '  •  -     •".  .'  i>-  a  in  !   -t  i  1 1    inain- 
,    ,  -   .  ...... 


M  \TKKI.M.  PKOCRESS.  Kil 


rilAPTKK  XX I II. 

MATERIAL    I'K<><;RKSS. 

Til;-  progress  of  Yincennes  has  been  verv  slow,  but  >mv 
;ind  steady,  h  has  not  been  of  a  mushroom  character,  -tim- 
ulated  bv  fictitious  booms  and  ilcsi  ined  in  retrograde  when 
the  cause  hastening  the  advance  has  spent  it:-  force.  There 
lias  been  no  retrograde  movement  in  its  history.  The  I  uitod 
States  census  returns  show  a  healthy  advance.  Vineennes 
occupied  a  prominent  place  in  the  Northwest  when  the  only 
other  places  were  |)etroii  and  Kaskaskia.  Manx'  other  cities 
have  since  sprung  up  and  attained  prominence  which  had  no 
existence  when  \  niceiiiies  was  an  important  point.  In  this 
connection  I  will  notice  ;m  incident  in  connection  with  Chi- 
cairo.  now  the  second  city  in  the  I'nion  in  wealth  and  popu- 
lation. Many  years  a^'o  the  cjti/ens  of  the  then  village  of 
('hica^'o.  s<'iit  a  deputation  of  its  citi/etis  lo  confer  with  the 
citixeiis  of  the  city  of  Viiicennes  and  lay  before  them  the  rich 
countrv  around  their  \illa,ue  and  that  the  oi;l\-  thinu-  they 
lacked  was  an  outlet  to  the  markets  of  the  world  for  the  pro- 
duets  of  their  land.  Tliev  came  and  sui^vMed  it  would  he 
a  tieiuTn  to  the  city  10  aid  in  building  a  gravel  road  from  this 
city  to  their  village.  A  public  meeting  was  called  anil  held 
at  ('lark's  Jlotel  to  consider  ;he  proposition.  This  meeiiiiLr 
wa>  addressed  bv  ,)ohn  Law.  Samuel  .ludah.  .lohn  Lwinu'  and 
others  of  the  leading  citi/.i'iis  of  \  incennes  at  that  lime.  Thev 
all  look  strong  ground  in  favor  of  the  project  and  ur^ed 
immediate  action,  as  Vim-emus  to  advance  must  reach  out  for 
trade.  The  niceim^  parsed  resolutions  in  it-  favor  and  so 
far  a-  n-sohitions  went,  determined  that  the  mad  should  be 
built  without  delay.  But  nothing  was  ever  done  farther  than 
adopting  resolutions.  This  was  in  !>'*>. 


'I  !n  iv  ;iiv  main  ran-'1-  ilia;  tan  In-  a.-^iirned  I'"!1  the  -h>\v 
advance  ii|  \  1 1  iri  'i  i  MI  •-.  Sniiir  M|'  ihe-..  arc  rxtrniiil  anil  ha\e 
":  n'l'a  !'•! !  u'ithoiil  anv  I'aiih  of  her  cit  i/.en>.  l>ni  nian\'  can 
i !  iliivrt  I  v  at  !  In1  door  of  her  o\\n  people.  \\}\<>  hv  t  heir  in- 
diil'ereiic"  and  non-action,  permitted  golden  opportunities  in 
pa--  \vitlnnil  takiiiL!'  advantage  of  them.  It  i-  an  "Id  >a\niL: 
thai  liirlitnini;-  seldom  strike-  t\vice  in  the  -ame  phu-c. 

'['lie  capital  iif  the  Territon  \\as  t'uu!ishl\  ivnui\-c.|  t'rnin 
V'incriiiH'S  tn  ('iirx'i^nn  in  lxl  !.  "!i  account  of  an  inia^ina  r\ 
iVa  r  nf  an  I  mi  ian  11  pn-i  nu'  that  iii'Vcr  iiai  1  a  n  v  iva  1  t'nun»lat  inn. 
'1*1  -  m»\  1'iin'iil  \\a~  iii'i  niilv  UM«ij)pusci|  i'lH  in  fad  >aiic- 
•  .  n!  !i\  her  citi/.ciis  mi  the  ^rmin.!  ihat  I  he  ivcnnls  "f  th,. 
Territorial  ( iovei'innt-nt  nii.u'hi  he  ile>tro\ed.  The>>  i-ecorcl- 
!•!'  .1':'  value  ai  the  time  iiii^'hl  have  heeii  pin  in  a  -mall  ho\ 
a!i' !  !  i  i>  1 1  !en  in  a  liol  lo\\  t  rec  a>  1  he  charter  of  ( 'oiin  -ct  iciit  \va~ 
11  ihe  n  li-liraieil  ('harter  ()ai\.  \\\\\  the  removal  louk 

IM    the    ^'I'ea  !    lie]  ri  Illell  t    of    \    1  llcelllle-. 

\    i  llri-lllle.-.    alllloll^h     the    lil'-l     -i'MI     of    i  •  I  \  1  I  !  /a  1  I  «  11    ailii     rellpLr- 
jul]     ill     ill.'     \Ve-t.     lia-     tle\c-l'    liei-n     faVofnl     liv     1 1  'i:'l  -  I  a  t  1 1  ill .         N  » 

ai-;   nf  ( 'miLi'i'e--   \\':i-e\n-  pa>-ei]   LI  i  \  1 1 1  _;   ii    material   aiil.      'Ihe 

n«'/li'd    ha-a!>o  lieeii  oli-i-r\  etl   hv  ih''  Male   L"^i-lat  ion. 

\\      •      i:i.-    Internal    I  mprovenicni    -\~ii-ni    \\a>  uViermineil    nn 

-  i !;~i-ri m i na  1  ion  au'ain>l    \  iiiceinii-.   aa-  c|i-arl\    inanili'-leil. 

\  .  .•    •  i  if  • :  i'  \  i  r  ii    -     n  pro\'einriii  -  en  ii-ri-d    n  pon    and   ca  rried 

-tale    a!'         .       r|        lellelllcd     llli-    pbliv     ill     I  he     |ea-l.         Ta  ke 

\    •  cci  in  -     and     \'e\\      Alhan\     maeadami/i'd    mad    a-    "iif 
-'    •  That    road   \va.-  to  hr  luiilt    Kv  fund-   rai-i-d   hv  ta.xa- 

\    illei-ni   r~     \\a-     the      Illn-l      poiillloll-     and      Uejlllhv      place 

1     i  n  rn  i-hi'i  1    'ii   I  a  \a  t  ii  ui  n  1 1  >\'  •   than  a  n  \    I  h  i'ee 

1  !  ii--  i  in  t  he  line.      !  In  i   IM  .;  a  d>  i|  Jar  i  >f  ;  he  nn  >ne\    t  hu-  t'u  r- 

:     -    •  '   .     A  a  -    .  •  •  ' "  ;  ii  'i  'i  i    a  i     l  h  i  -    end    of    ;  i  ;•      n  iad.    hn  I     all     \\'a- 

-!"!.!     '  ill     I'le     i-a-tem     i-Hi  i     ,,  e     I'ojn  j      i  l'"|||      \--\\       A  lha  II  \ 

\    ,  -       .     '    in    I '  i. '      and    HM    fa  ri  '  i-r. 

I       •  '     •    .-   \\  ,i   ia-         '        l-'.rii    (  'ana'        \Vln-i     ilii-  e\i 


MATKUIAI.   I'KO(;KKSS.  163 

sioii  of  thai  i in j >r< i\ vment  to  the  Ohio  [liver  \\";is  determined 
on  from  Lafavetle  south,  an  immense  sum  of  nionev  would 
neeessarilv  In-  spent  alon^'  it.-  course  and  this  expenditure 
\vould  hi'  a  u'lvat  advantage  in  build  ing  up  tlni  localitie>  where 
it  would  he  Gxpondod.  I'or  sonic  cau-e  unknown,  \  incenne' 
was  left  oJI'  the  line  of  this  canal,  and  it  was  diverted  eastward 
from  Terre  Haute  and  thus  left  Vimvniie-  oil'  iis  course  Tbis 
diversion  made  the  length  of  the  canal  longer  and  added 
greatly  to  the  cost  of  construction.  Water  to  supply  it  had  to 
be  supplied  by  artificial  reservoirs  and  larp1  tracts  of  rich  and 
valuable  land  overflowed  lor  the  purpose  which  could  have 
been  supplied  bv  the  Wabash  Kiver  at  Jess  cost  and  without 
damage.  The  immense  amount  of  nioncv  required  to  makti 
the  extension  to  Kvansville  was  all  expended,  but  Yinccnnes 
received  no  benefit  1'nuii  ihi>  immense  expenditure  which  all 
went  lo  build  up  rival  towns  alonu'  its  route.  This  immense 
output  of  money  was  a  irrcat  benefit  and  rich  harvest  for  the 
towns  and  counties  through  which  ii  passed  during  the  time 
it  wa>  beinLr  spent,  but  that  was  all  the  benefit  they  ever  re- 
ceived as  the  canal  was  a  practical  failure  and  with  the  advent, 
of  railroad-,  was  abandoned.  These  causes  operated  against 
\  iiicenncs  but.  were  mailers  over  which  her  people  had  no 

exclusive  collt  rol. 

lint  there  were  other  causes  operating  ai;'ain>i  Yiih-eitn-'- 
for  which  tliev  were  solely  n^ponsible.  It  is  situated  in  one 
of  the  richest  agricultural  districts  in  the  West.  Thc-c  rich 
lands  tributarv  to  Viiicennes  on  both,  sides  of  the  Waha.-h 
li'iver,  in  Illinoi-  and  Fudiana.  threw  upon  her  market  an- 
nually, the  rich  and  valuable  prodiict>  of  their  -oil.  The-e 
were  marketed  here  ;ind  bought  up  and  paid  for  bv  the  deal- 
er>  and  inerchanls  of  \'inccniie>  and  the  farmer  paid  for  them 
in  hi^h  priced  ^oods  purchased  in  the  eisiern  cities.  Thi- 
proco-ss  resnlied  in  a  golden  liar\'est  for  the  merchants  and 
traders.  P>m  the  projit  ihev  reali/ed  i'rom  resourecs  trilmtai11. 


14 


A    II  [-TI  n:\    UK    V  i  M  KS  \  [•:-. 


In    (hi'    phlee    \\    'IV    iml      llivotctl     HI     I  111  I  list  I'M':-    MIHl     IIKt  II 11 1  ;U'l  II- 

rie-  eal'-nlated    in   liiiilil   up  ;iii'l   advance  tli-    |ilarr.   Inn    were 

i-e|\'      ]n;;iled     Mill      In     ellltTpl'lH  11  LI"       MleU      111      TelTe      llaille. 

K\  ;i  M-\  1 1  ]c.    ( 'iiii-iiinai  i   and    even    I'hiladelphia.      '1'lir    inniiev 

-  Inaiied  wa-  ii-cil   !>v  th'  hnrrower-  in  establishing  inanu- 

•  irii  -  in  the-e  eitie-  in  tlic  detriment   i'f  \"iiieeimes,  \\heiv 
:    .    golden  i •--•  that  enabled  ill. -in  l"  d<t  th.'-e  ilnii-s  wa>  lanl. 
A  i!'1    ii    i-   a    \\ell   !<iin\vii    fart    in    iii;iM\    i-iiixi'iis    i'.i'\\'    IIXIIIL;'    ni 
X'iiii-i-niH1-.   that    fur  main    vi-ars   th.i-  "Id   iiirrcliant>  and   hii-i- 

IH''~     Illi'll     iif     the     [ilarr.    tliscnlU'a^'cil      the      localiutl     "I'     Iliailll- 

t'ar'i  urit1-.   hriT   fur    fear   thai    lhe>e   ^'mnl?-   ma  MM  I  ad  11  ivil     here 

.    •        Id      i-iinie     ill     ei  mi  ]  let  I  1  jiii;      .\'ll!l      their     Wil  IV.-     |U1 1'clia.M'il      111 

i  a-li-rn  i-ilie>  and   lliil.-  diiiiini-h   liieir   [irntii-. 

lint  all  the.-e  i  Ira  \vhaek  >  ha\  e  >|ient  i  hei  r  f..i-ee.  hi  -pile  of 
l  •  '  the  i-'n\  lia-  iiiaiiuauied  a  >l.-ai!\  advaiiee.  niilv  >liinu- 
!at"d  li\  i'-  "\\n  natural  ro^ouice-.  Ii  i-  evident  in  the  must 
ra-iia!  n!i-i'r\er  ilia;  a  hetter  feeling  ha>  ilawned  iijimi  the 
phi'-e.  \e\\  in  MI  i'i  eiiier|iri-<'  and  pn-h  ha\e  enine  and  inau- 

_'    I'ated     a     lle\\      [iru^'ra  Illllle.        Ill     the    |ia.-l     lifteell     VeaiS    all     tile 

'  -     i\  Ilieh    a  I'e    II'  i\\     tile    pride    (if    1  lie    el  1  \     have    enllle. 

\  '   .       I  In  -  •     I  Ml    il'i  i    •   II   e||t~     I'eeeix  ei|     MI  i    a  'd     n|'     elleiiu  ra^'ellleiil 

•     I  1    •      ael  i\  e    iiH|iu-i|  inn    nf    tile    Ueail  ll\     eit  l'xell>    i  if    tile    :  i 
'I' i;i      i;   .i  _  :  :    '',    'i  •!'  !     -\  -I  i 'II I    iif    Water    \\  i  i|''..--    \vlliel)    ha  \  e    heell    enli 

-ir'ietei  .   haxini:'  i!"  -u]ierii>r  and   liiii    l'e\\    eijual>   in   am    eitv. 
\\  a  -    \  M  '!  •  1 1 ;  :  \    i ippi  i-ei]    a  I'd   nid \    -ecu iv<l    1 1\    a    -mall    ma  p  M'i  I  \ 

.    '      ,        pup]      a  T     e|ee|  inn.         The     ~  I  reel      |';|  i  !  mad      >\  -lelll      \\  a-     Mill 

M     eiieiiii  ra^ei !   I  iv   ma  m    and   \\  -i  -  -  -eii  red  h\    l  he  ei'ier- 

llal    ell  I/ell-.        Til"    -lile||i|  id      deel  I'le    !  iL;'ht 

-••-.'•  i  d    la-i    \--ar.    linlil  i  IIL;'  l  he  eit  \    i  n  a  1  i    i  l  ~ 
_:   •  t .   u  a-  -eeii  r-'i !  alter  a    ]<  >\  i '_   and 
iiMi-itini  :    -pi  MI      '  -    fiiri-e.      The-  •    and    n 

'    •         Hi       •     ;.  _:    ni'    a    nimlern    eti  \     ha  \ ,     al  read 
I     e     a  re  MI  iv    npera  1 1  MU  a-  pn\\  erfu  I    fa<-tnr-  in 
1     i  r  i         i '  i     1 1 1 1 : 1 1  •  1 1  \  •  n  1 1  •  n  l .        \  •  >    - 1 1 


MATKKIAI.  PI;<H;KK».  l(>-"i 


Hl'ort-  will  lie  renuiivd  ID  be  put  forth  in  t'uiui'i1  to  secure 
additional  aids  as  were  required  in  obtain  the  ones  we  now 
have.  Thes.'  an-  as  it  were,  levers  that  have  lifted  the  city 
nut  nf  the  mire  of  perdition,  stripped  it  of  its  swaddling 
clothes  and  put  i>n  it  the  garments  nL'  a  rising  giant. 

The  material  stnielmvs  of  the  eity  are  being  changed. 
There  i>  tint  in  the  eitv  a  solharv  landmark  reaching  hack 
bevond  1MM>.  The  oldest  house  in  llie  city  is  the  Harrison 
mansion,  ereeted  in  isiil.  and  that  substantial  structure  is  a 
hall'  century  older  than  the  one  erected  just  after  it.  All  the 

old    time   houses   have   d  i>a  ppca  red    and    their    places   have    heeil 

taken  hv  modern  houses  of  architectural  designs,  and  present 
a  ne\v  and  lieautifnl  ajipearance.  The  real  propertv  of  the 
eitv  has  in  a  considerahlc  extent  changed  owners  and  this 
change  is  eontiniiouslv  going  on.  It  mav  he  said  that  in  th- 
\>;\-\  tweiitv  vears  the  realtv  of  the  citv  lias  passed  out  of  the 
hand>  of  ihe  original  [n'oprietors  into  ihe  [inssessioii  of  enter- 
prising men.  The  material  >i  niet  ures  of  the  citv  are  up  to 
date  and  present  as  attractive  appearance  as  anv  eilv  in  In- 
diana. 

Ihe  hotel  interest  has  caught  the  improvement  fever  and 
\viihin  ihe  past  year  the  (irand  Mote]  has  lieen  enlarged  and 
improved  at  a  irreat  mil  lav  of  mone\  >o  that  \  iiiceniie-  now 
possesses  what  has  heeii  so  long  \\'anted.  a  lirst  elas>  hotel.  Tin- 
hotel  is  rea 1 1  v  an  advertisement  of  the  citv  a>  strangers  pas>- 
ing  ihi'otigh  a  place  see  more  of  it>  hotels  than  anv  other  of 
iis  buildings  and  form  llieir  impressions  of  the  place  from  the 
character  of  its  hotel-. 

\\itliin  lliree  years  pa-l  more  -uiista  nt  ia  I  buildings  have 
been  creeled  in  \  inceiiin-  than  in  anv  l  \ventv  vears  ph'vious 
thereto.  Thi>  building  boom  i-  con>tantl\  on  the  increase 
since  it  siarted  three  years  a^o.  Mach  sitetvedinu-  vear  sur- 
passes the  number  of  buildings  el'ecled  the  previous  vear. 
During  tin.-  [)i-esenl  vear  all  previous  records  have  been  broken 


inn!  the  iar^e-t  iiiitl  ino-i  co-tl\  bu>iiiess  hou-e-  and  residences 
lia\  c  I  teen  erect  ed. 

Some     (if     the     \vll<  ilesa  K       hll-llle--     llollr-e-      !1"\\       111     1:<>UI'M'     (if 

erection  arc  coiistruc.ted  on  a  iiiiiniiiinil)  scale  and  of  MS  lar^1 
1 1  i  meti-i'  ni-  as  can  lie  found  ill  anv  cilv  in  Indiana.  Tliev  are 
al-o  Im-ated  with  an  eye  to  lm.-ine>s  and  economy  in  n-rciv- 

ini!'  ami  -liijininL1  Li'ood.-  \vith  a   private-  spur  to  them   from   tin- 
i  i       ~  •  i 

main  railroad  track  ^>  thai  in  lli1  reception  and  dist  I'ilnit  ion 
of  -oo, i-  a1!  dravaiv  \vill  lie  avoided.  Tin-  mode  of  lunldin^ 
i-  original  here  and  will  Ue  inniaicd  m  tin-  citv  and  el>e- 
u liei'i:  as  its  advantai:'e>  ai'e  apparent  and  will  make  \  incciuics 
an  exceptional  point  for  the  rapid  and  cheap  distnhnt ion  of 

And  tlie  end  i-  not  vet.     The  improvement  of  the  citv  i-  in 
11-  infancy.     Tins  necosariU   i'e>ults  from  ihe  natural  and  iic- 

•  jllired     reSOlirceS    of     'lie    cJtV     \Uliell     oll'elS     hettep     i  IK  1  lie! '  1 1  let  11  - 

than  anv  othei-  citv  in  the  slate  a'  ihi-  lime  for  anv  one  seek- 
1111:  a  location  i'oi-  activt.1  liiisiiies.-  or  ui-lnni:'  to  eiijo\  ln\- 
"  o  1 1  ii  1 1 1  e  1 1 1 1 1  d  i  IT  n  i !  a  t  e . 

\\ini'  \"ilice'i!ics  ha-  a  \<'lierahk'  pa-t  on  one  side,  on  the 
oilier  -ide  r,  :.-  on  the  veru'e  of  an  opeiiintr  future  full  of  votnh 
and  vitalitv.  \\hile  it  ha-  a  liistorv  reaching  hack  to  a  time 
"\\  liet'eo!  the  iiieiiinr\'  ii|  man  runneth  not  in  the  conlrarv. 
it  i-  no\v  like  an  old  man  \v!io  ha-  laid  o|T  In-  old  clotliL's  and 
put  on  iiev  one-. 


PERSONA i.   M KNTION. 


167 


cilAPTFK  XXIV. 

PKRSONAI.   MKXTIOX. 

Tlii'  Following  is  a  list  of  thr  hoad-  of  Families  sell  led  at 
Post  Vincenne<  on  or  lie  fore  llie  1st  of  Au^usl  1?S:>.  |o  each 
of  \v!ioni  were  donaled  -100  acres  of  land  in  the  old  Donation 
tract. 

Louis  A  la  ire.  .hxeph  Ainlrex.  Francois  15rouillei.  Francois 
Horave.  Jr..  John  P>aplisie  Kinetic.  Charles  lloneau.  Vital 
llcuelier.  Marie.  wido\v  of  Loiii-  I5a\rr.  Anialile  Uoulon. 
('liarle>  15 u^ard.  Mitdiel  I5;ii'delo\v.  Milcliel  llrotii  I  let.  I-'ran- 
cois  I)os.scron.  l-'raiu-ois  Borayo,  Si1..  Anloino  l>urdalo\\.  Sr.. 
Loins  Broiiillot,  Louis  l>aver.  John  Baptistc  Cardinal,  Fran- 
cois ('oder.  Pierre  ('ornover.  Joseph  ('halioi.  Anloiiie  ('arv. 
Francois  ( 'onipau'iiial.  Jacques  C'ardinal.  Joseph  Chartier, 
Nicholas  ('hapard,  Joseph  ( 'harpont  icr.  Pi<'rc  ('hartier.  Sr.. 
Moses  Carter.  Antoine  Droneile.  John  P>aptisie  l)uliois.  John 
P)aptis1e  Piiclr.'lie.  Charles  F>iol|e.  Charles  Oelisle.  Piei'l'c 
I  )a  iL''ncau.  Anloine  |)orr\s.  Louis  he  Chuiricr,  John  15apuslc 
hcio\  icr.  llonore  horrys.  (  harlo  l")ude\-oii'.  AmaUe  hidisle. 
Jact[iies  heii/.e.  Joseph  hiicliarinc.  1 5ona\  cni  uiv  h rosier. 
Nicholas  hitart.  Francois  hesauve.  Louis  l'",dcline.  Joscpli 
Flanielin.  John  I5aplislc  Ja\alc.  Paul  (iamdin.  Charles  (iu- 
-illc.  Toui-sainl  Coder.  Anloine  Camrlin.  Paul  (iainelin. 
Aiuahle  ( Jaun|iiipie.  Alexis  A.  (lallinoi>.  Pierre  (Jilherl.  John 
l'»apii-i  1 1  arpi  n.  Joseph  Ilunoi.Sr.,  Ft  iciine  ,)acipie>.  Fd\\ard 
Johnson.  Jat'ijues  Lutrinioille.  l^rancois  F^oii'iion.  .Joseph  Lou"- 
iioii.  Jac(pie<  Lacroix.  1'ierre  La  forest .  Anthonv  Lund'ord. 
Charles  La  iiu'Ucdoc.  Jaci|iic>  Lainolle,  Andrt^  Lan^'iiedoc. 
Pierre  Lanirlois.  Jo>eph  Leveron,  Loui-  Lndvi'ouie.  l-'rancoi- 
Lai!L''!!,'doc.  Loiii-  Laiuere.  John  l>apliste  Man^'eii.  Pierre 


MaMei.  Anioine  Mallei.  A  mire  Munijiloir.  l.uui-  Mete\er. 
Kraneoi-  \\mie.  .l,,iiM  I'.aplMe  Mallet.  Nirlmlas  Mayat.  Kran- 
eoi-  Mallet.  Joseph  M  iehael.  Antoine  Marirr.  Kivderiek  Malil. 

Jo-eph      Mallei.     John      KaptiM"      \|.iy,.>.     Miehael      \,.;,ll.     .lulili 

I'.apti-te   Oiiillet.   Joseph    IVrnl-aii.    ( .  u  i !  la  nine    l'a\v.-.    1'ienv 

I 'el' l'et.  A  IIK1  hie  1'elTol!.  I'i-ITe  Oil  !  \  .  •/.  >  I1. .  .1  <  'I  i  !  I  \'>!\  pt  i>te  Si  . 
Marie  It'aellle.  1'lelTe  lii'^llrX.  I'  !';  I  !  1 .  •(  1 1  -  I'acillc.  I'irl'l',1  Alull'i1 

Ifarinc.  l.uin-  |{a\  d  Iriic.  Li>ui>  liau|>iaii!t.  .|M~,M,)I  |Jai:\.  .ln- 
-.•;i|i  Si.  Marir.  .lit-,'|ili  Salidlc.  John  P>a|iti-tr.  Si.  Aiiliin. 
Kii.-iiiii-  St.  Marie,  Kraiicui>  Tur|iin.  l-'ran.-'ii>  Tni.li-l.  .l«>>,-|.]i 
Tmi^as.  !/i>aiici»i>  \'arliriic.  .IM'III  l»ajiti>i«'  \amlrav.  .Fulin 
I  In  i >!  !-!<•  X'amlrav.  .1  r..  l''rain-i>  \  \^<>.  Alcxamlcr  \allrx.  An- 
ininr  \'ainlrcx.  John  |>a|il'-!i-  \"ilray.  A  n-vl  ii|iic.  \viilo\\  of 
l-liii-iiiii-  I'liillih  TI.  Mai-v  Limisa.  \vnlo\v  of  \irhola>  1'n-rol. 

l-'rlicilc.     \\ldo\\       of      l-'ra  lii-i  i]~       I'i'llli'l'.       A  lIU'cl  ii|llr.     \Vhlo\\      of 

|-'r,-!  iic-oi-  r>;i-iiii'l.  Mai'ir.  \vit|o\\  of  \jcho|;i~  ('aniinal.  Sn- 
-a  i  •  a.  \\  n  ]o\\  of  I  'in'i'c-  I  'oiler.  Maria  n in-,  \viiln\\  of  Louis 
I  d-i!o\  mi.  Marie,  \\nlo\\  of  1 1  vai-i  in  lie  l>enovoii.  \  erunii|ii". 

\\iiio\\     of    (  i  II  i  I  lea  Illlle     I  l;l  I  lel'oli.     |-|'ailio|-.     \V|i|o\\      of     A|||liro-i' 

I  lail'i'lU't.     (  n'lirX  |e\  e.     \\ii|o\\      of      I'lel'l'i'     (  I  I  i-IIH  H'r.     Allll.     \\  : (      i\\ 

of    Mo-.--    IIeiir\.  Calarine.     \\idn\\     of   John     I>apli-le    Lal'oii- 

iailie.       MadelilH'.      \\lilo\\       of      St.      Jeail       Le^ai'ile.       \'el'ollii|!le. 

o\\    of   (i;i'nri.'|    La<  I  ra  inle.     Marie     Loiii-.     \\ido\\    of  Jo]  t 

II  •   Marie   Laii'ra-.    Lmii-e.   \viiio\\    of   Antoine   L''fe\  re.   I  at- 
•  .  \\  ii  !o\\  of  A  ma  '•  >|e   I  ,;i  ri] OK  •.    Mauel  i  ne.  \\  ii  |o\\    of  Jo-^ph 

•>lo|i,-.    (  ir||e\  ie\c.    \vi  I'e    of    Jo~f|i]|     I  .;.:,.    '  --    ,  ••  .     '      ,  ,       i|i 

-'•rli  il.     li'elli'X    l,oi|i>|le      i]e     1'ailtlall.       A:.;'     .     \\iilo\\      o|     Aln;il'|e 


o|  |o\'.  i  |ll.r     Ul'l'e     l!ii  1'eel  '  '         '      ..         -      to     (  'a'll  . 

1 '     •  •  •    <  ia.'m  !in'-  •  itini'aiM   ;i;    |'..-i    \' i  n.-i  n>ie-.  J  u  !  \    h  h.    I  1  IHI  ; 

1  •  '  '  •'  ''I''!'    \\    \  II  II  I  .   e||-  !  L1  H   '.     I  'el  ef    'I'llol'li.    -.    !'-  .  •;  I  t  I  I    ;     I  '  '.'•   > 

rL'eaiit  :  Ji  I-I-IH  ial     M  ;i    >-.  -er-,  ;,  •     ;    i;',  .1       n~on. 

•  :    l.'i.l  erl   John-oil.  Jo-,  |,      i     ,,i,,  .   I  i;,    ,,     |',,,.  Jo|M     |.,,,-. 
'••       I'-'t.T-.  Jolni    \!     •    •      .  J..    •!...'          .  I1, ..- 


1119 

(icor^-c  |};i r;_'vr.  IVirr  IJar^vr.  frudc'rick  .Mull".  l>i'iija- 
IVrkr.-.  KoU'rt  l);iv.  IvUvard  Sherbrook.  -lolin  \\"<ist  fall. 
I-JI\\;ii'(l  Jolnisoii,  ploslmn  Ihii'iiin.  Jolm  liobhins.  John  Mar- 
tin. Abraham  \\'c<t  I'al  I.  .lanns  \Vatts.  'I'lioma-  .Ini-ilaii.  \\'ill- 
iam  Smith,  hanicl  Smiih.  .laino  .'ulinsnn.  K/,-ki(>|  llolliday. 
Micliacl  'I'lmrnc.  Solomon  Thoi'iic.  Daniel  Thunie.  ('liai'li.^ 
'I'liuriic.  Christian  Bark  man,  Abraham  Barkman.  .Inhn  Iiin- 
.fniio.  J'atrick  Simpson.  .Inhn  \Yilinoiv.  Frederick  Lind>av. 
Mat  I]LC\V  hibbons.  Iln^li  I  Ji'inscv.  .lolin  Culbnt.  HoliiTt  '!ra- 
rr-vl"  nii'l  I  suic  ( 'arpcntcr. 


HI- TIN'.  I'lsil  HI"    I'KK-oNN  HI.. 

\    lllrrllllr-    ha-    I  H't'll    a     rulnlllnn     rrlllrl1    ID     ulllell     i   "  1 1  IT  I'epl  1  r  i 

an  arrav  of  aide  and  determined   in  MI.      M"-i  of  thoe  heeain< 

'••rnia  in-lit     ri'-ideiii-.       Manv    after   a    -lion    -ojourn    u'eiil     ii 

ever\    direction   to  lav   the     foundation-    of    -o.-ietv     in    oilir 

i's.   !o   frame  ron-lil  in  mil-  ,ind    law-   for  the  \\  dl    lieiiiL:   " 

_:•  'Mr  ra !  mn-   of   n\di/.ed      people,    and     lo     eXeiviso    pnwer   alii 

ant  liorit  \   over  eoiinl  ries  <>|   \  a-i  extent. 

ll    i-   impo->ili|e    in  a   proper  limit    to  ennui  Tale  all.      (In! 

ellOM'll    example-     1  I  I  1 1  -  !  HI  !  I  \  e    of     llir    (pialltie-    of     tile     Illell     \\  1 1 ' 

laid   tin-   fi  li'nda!  ion-  of  n,i 

IK  \N<  ul-    \l 

'I'll  i-  d  1-1 1  ii". i;  i -!  i  e'l   man   \\a-  a  Canadian   :>\    liirth.      lie  \\a- 
a    tru-trd   oilieer    in    tin-  -er\  ice  of    the    Kin--  of    K  ranee.      ll<- 
•a  me  here   111  eoniiiiaiid  of  i  he  I  roup-  nf  i  he  k  i  ii".   to   luiild    I 
"Id   for  I   in   1  ,  ii'.'.      He  ea  i  in-  and  1m  i  It   the  for;   n-ar  l  lie  pre-rii; 
-  |e   ",:    the   Cailio'ir  rlnii'eh.       Mr    dhi    inn    remain    alter 
forming  ;hai    -M'\n-e.  'ail    returned    lo  I'anada.      Mr  was   ih'i'e 

i;'ii-iid    \\!tii    an    expediliuii    a-ain-t     ihr    Indian-    near    !'•• 

ll'oit.     \\lll-ll     \\a-    -llrrr-- I'll  I  .        d'llr    |a-I     mention    of    him     ill     the 
I    a'Mihall     feriil'd-     !-    li\      I  .r     I'olllerie.     \\llo    -a  \  -     lie     \\a-     -'    ill 

-     deal  h.        Mr     ma  rriei  I     a    .  la  UL; ':  i :  "i    of 

•    1 .0 iv.    of     !\a-ka-kia.     I  Ilinoi-.       Mi-    I'al  her-in-lav, 

nl'  :!'.'  a          rfi   a   hiri;e  r-lale   \,  hieli   \\  a  -  di\  ideil  ; :  - 

-  •  '     Idivn.      'I'h  •    ri'e.ird-    in    ihr    |{eeorder'-  oili  •<•  at    Ka-ka- 

al     i  Ii       \  -ell  II"    \Vi-lll     I  llel'i      lo     look     a  ftef    hi-    \\'  i  fe'- 

'!''•-:    a  I        '    at         -    u  i  I'e    u  a-    I  hen    ,-i  i    i  !ir    I  "o-i    her".      The 
•    •    MI    for        '    '  •  •  -  •       IHT  JKI  iv   \\-;i.   -,.|ii    lii-re  a  nd 


-iuned  it  hd'orc  witnesses.  This  receipt  is  still  preserved  in 
the  Recorder's  ollice  at  Kaskaskia. 

In  Ko<>  the  French  wen-  at  war  with  the  Chiekasaw  In- 
dian-, inhabiting  the  countrv  to  the  south.  .De  \iiicenne 
went  with  the  troops  of  the  fort  here  to  attack  them.  An  en- 
gagement with  them  near  where  Memphis  now  stands  was  dis- 
astrous and  he  was  taken  prisoner,  .lie  could  have  e.-caped 
witli  the  remnant  of  his  force  that  retreated  under  he  Yoisin. 
a  French  oillcer.  and  wa>  entreated  to  do  so.  \\\\\  ]1:.  refused 
to  leave  his  wounded  soldiers  and  was  hurned  at  the  stake  on 
Ka>ter  Sundav,  Kofi.  This  place,  had  never  hcen  called  Yin- 
cc lines,  until  after  his  death  in  Kofi.  \\'hen  the  remnant  of 
his  troop-  returned  here  the  place  was  named  in  his  honor. 

After  his  death  his  widow  returned  to  her  relative-  in  Ka-- 
ka-kia.  lie  left  an  only  daughter  named  Maria  Louisa,  who 
married  Louis  he  Lisle,  and  left  a  large  farmily  of  children 
at  Kaskaskia.  Some  of  his  descendants  were  .-till  residing 
there  in  ls.".fi.  and  thev  all  prided  themselves  on  their  rela- 
tionship to  him  and  added  to  their  signatures  the  charmed 
words  "he  Yincenne." 

This  celebrated  and  gifted  ollicer  is  generallv  referred  to  by 
hi-  title  de  Yincenne  and  not  by  his  familv  name  Franco^ 
Morganne.  Hut  this  is  very  natural  and  is  the  general  prac- 
tici  in  all  countries  that  were  under  the  inlluence  and  opera- 
tion of  the  feudal  system.  This  is  evident  from  Robertson's 
history  of  Charles  the  'Fifth  and  llallam's  Middle  Age-  and 
oilier  writers  concerning  that  -\>tem.  \\  e  have  instances  of 
it  in  our  own  political  hi>lnrv.  All  our  school  children  have 
heard  of  Count  de  (Jrass.  who  rendered  such  valuable  service 
to  our  father-  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Hut  thi-  appella- 
tion i-  his  title  and  not  his  familv  name,  which  was  FrancoiV 
•  Joseph  Paul.  Again  in  the  case  of  Counl  de  Rochamln-au. 
His  familv  name  was  .lean  Baptiste  honatien.  Again  in  tin- 
case  of  Marquis  de  La  Fayette.  after  whom  -o  manv  countie-. 


.  •:  i  i  •-  a  !:d  |ii\vn-  ill  lln-  i-i  ni  ill  rv  arc  na  med.  1 1 1-  I  ami  1  \  name 
•A  as  Marie  .In-.-ph  IJo.-h  (.ilheri.  'I  in-  eu-lmii  anum^  the 
!•' reiie! i.  \\  hidi  \\  a-  mie  nf  t  he  muni  rie-  u  nder  i  h  •  feudal  -\  -- 
it-m.  i-  fully  exemplified  hv  that  e\hau-l  im_;'  work  e.m- 
lernim:  ihe  Fr-nrli  in  Aniei'ira  dunm:  the  l!e\  nlui  mnar\  war. 
>\  Thmna-  I'al.-h.  in  \nl.  ''  of  his  w»rk.  And  the  same  prar- 
li.-e  ohtain-  to  tin-  dav  in  Filmland  \\dii.-h  was  al-n  under  the 
nni-ratioii  of  the  feudal  -vslrm.  'I'n  refi  r  in  a  iiolilemaii  hv  ln- 
;itle  i-  the  hi'_d>e-i  eninpl  inieiit  ill ar  ran  l>-  LMUMI  him.  .Inhn 

"iat  1  le   nf    1  (lellheilll.    \\  a-    eliohlrd    ;Mld    !_ri\  en 

Marlhoi-oiiM-li.      Arthur    \\Vllr-Iev.   aft  -v 

'Ion.     was     LHVen     tile    title    nf     Dllke    of     \Vel- 

I  i !!_!  'iii.  and   <  le.  ifLi'e    \  .   *  u  r/'  in   on    in-  a  p|>nmt  men  l    a-    \  i.-.  - 
r..\    .if   India.   \\a-  L:'I\'-H    the   till-  of    l.nrd    l\edle-inn,  aiii 

•  title-  a  n-  al  \vav-  addrr--i-.|   and    ref.-rred    to.      This  .-u-- 

•.iin  i-  rel'i-nvd  in  li\    Sir  \\"a]t.-r  Scot  t   in  hi-  \\"a\  erl\    im\ .  '  .  >f 

"  I  he   Anii.|!iar\.      And  -u.-h   \vas  the  ra.-r   \\"ith    He   \  inr.-nn.'. 

'I  ha  l  In-  fa  mi  1  v  na  me  \\  a-   |-"ra  n.-oi-   M  nr-a  n  lie  i-  -la led  1  >\    Fd- 

id     Mai  let    of    tin-    (  'a  i  i-nl  1     I  n-t  it  ule    .if    \\'a-h  in-imi    ( 'it  •  . 

in   ha-   made  a    -jie.-ial   -lud\    ..f    Frriieii   ('anadian    famil:.--. 

i-   i!i''   ne-i    aiithorit\    on    that    -uhje-.-i.      Al-n    h\    Ili-h"!'- 

I'.      n    an.     lii-hnp    I  lailand  i.-i'.-. 

l'I  KKKK  i.l  MAI    1  T. 

M  •    ,-a-  '  ni-n  al    Mnni  ival.  (  'anada.  Anrd   i  ih.    \\'-\\.    I  le    -a- 
-I-  i-.      i-a  i.-d    .-.  ' 1  !i    r.-fi  r.-ne.-   1 1 1    m  !--inaa  r\    w.  irk   a  m.  in_ 

•  ',••    In.     a  '.-    nf    •  ;  .      Xni't  !i\\  e-| .       i  I,-     \\  a-    ni-da  i  n.-d    pi'ie-i    al 

II  .    i.-r.     \lai-.-h     !  '.M  h.     }  '.  <'^.       I  mm.-d  ia  n         a  fna     h  •    \\  a  -    an 

i          •     -     .  i    i:t  r.  .      II    -i-t  mil    I'.i]-  t  In     iiehi  of  h  i-        ••  "  •>: 

h  .  i    Fn-n    h    -,- tiler-    in    in.-    \'..rth\v.-i.      II. •   M  r- 

'     •     - '  --,      • .    .     ,,.!•_    i  '.  i'i ^.  a  ni  1  n]i   I     a ' 

.  '      :       .       (  'i  I  U  I'i'll      n  ''     I  !|,-      1  111  Iliai'l  ' 


siiKi)  PKKSONNKI.  17l> 

Conception  is  mad;1,  lie  found  church  mailers  in  irreai  i  011- 
I'usion.  Inn  l»v  his  eiter^v  and  /.eal  in  all  the  French  >eitle- 
nients  un  the  M  i>>i»ippi.  he  brought  order  out  <d'  e<m  fusion. 
In  ihe  spring  of  1  i  i  o.  he  eanie  to  \  i neei i lies,  and  \vith  slight 
interrupt ions  remained  liei-e  as  tiie  paMor  of  the  eliurch  until 
li>!'.  lie  was  unquestionably  the  aiilesi  man  in  the  North- 
west at  that  time.  Me  had  v/ivat  inlhu'iu-a  over  all  tin-  l-'reiu-li 
iuliaiiita  nts  in  1  he  North  \ve-t.  lie  \v;i>  here,  as  [>arish  priest  in 
I "  1'S.  when  !ie  heard  of  I  he  American  Revolution,  and  with 
tlie  ill-Millets  of  all  |- reiiclinieii.  he  espoused  the  cau-e  of  the 


Pierre  Gibault. 

Aiii-.'i'icaii  coionies.  Me  called  a  puUic  nieelin^  to  take  place 
in  the  old  fort  here  \vh ich  \va>  then  u n occupied.  Me  add ro.-ed 
the  meet  in  ii'  and  explained  to  i  hem  i  he  nat  u  re  of  t  he  >i  run'^'le 
am!  lh. MI-  duiv  a-  Frenehiuen  and  lovers  of  iheir  native  land. 
>o  as  to  induce  them  in  unite  \v  t  h  the  >i  ru^u'l  i  un'  eojonies.  and 
In-  adminisiered  io  iln-iu  the  o-ith  of  allegiance  to  ihe  Anu'ri- 
i-aii  cause.  Tlie  svinhol  of  the  [{evolution.  a  red 
and  ^reiMi  lla-.  \vas  then  hoisted  over  ihe  old 
fori.  'rin-  \\'a.-  in  liiS.  \\heii  news  of  ihi-  reached 
ihe  ('anadian  authorities,  (luv.  llein-\-  Mamilton  \\'a- 


-dil    heiv    \\nli    an    armed    !<>ivr   !|:    cuiml.'rMf  1    the   muvemfiil. 

I  If  i-M MM-  Mini   retool;  !  lie  ft  ii' I  M  Mil  MiToifd    KM  I  hf  r  ( !  iliMiilt  and 
lidd   him  M    |iri.-uinT  for  -uine  linn1,      lie   liii;ill\'  MIIIV.M]   in   iv- 

IfM-f    llill!    if   hf    \\nllid    IfMVf    l!lf    |i|;|i-r.       To    llljs    ^Miller   (iiliMllll 

Mifrifd  Mii-1  he  reiiini''d   to  I\a-kaskia.     This  expulsion   \VMS  a 

!  T"\  H  lelll  1;!  1     lia  |i]>fll  1  Mil     ;:lli!      placed      llilll      111     M      po-llh>||     \\'h'Te 

In-  inlhiflicf  \\  a.-  ffjiinllv  i!'iv;il  and  ndieiv  he  eiMild  render 
< '  'ii.  ('lark  -II'I-IM  M  I  lal  aid  \\  he  n  he  M  IT!  ved  \vil  h  his  nnal  1  and 

I 1  red  army  .lul\    iih.    Ills.      Il   \VMS  ffi'lMiulv   through   ihc  111- 
lliifiiff  i'l   ihis  i  n  tl  iieii  I  ;M  I  and  niMii'iifl  ic  man   ihai   ihe  LTMtf-  id' 

lliMl     1'ol'lii'ed     ji|;lee    \\.-|'f    njielird     In     I'fffiVf    llilll    \\"itll(H11     i  i  I1  i  1 1  _!' 

a  Li'iui  up  lii-ni'j'  a  man.  Th  •  -Mine  inilucnef  induced  all  the 
l-'i-fiich  M-illi-mi-iit.-  mi  iln  Mis-i-.-ippi  lo  dn  ihf  SMIIIC  I  h  HILT. 

!i    \\'a-   iitiiiiii'St  ioiiiihlv    l'"ai  her  <  i  ihanl  I    ihai    siiL;',L:'fstfd     and, 

i    \|ied  ii  inl!     In    fil  Ml  !i  IV    ihe    (.hi     ful'l     here.      Tlli-    \VM- 

nui  111  ihe  I  i  iif  nf  ( if  ii.  ( 'lark's  iiist  nif  i  iun>  ;iml  had  iif  vc  r  hrcn 
iii'Mil  mile  i  i  h\'  him  or  MIIV  '>!  hi-  coiiiniiiiiil  nniil  aller  ihe 
h| l]i--  I-M  j  M  iin-  i  >f  K;i>k;i.-K'i.-i.  1 1  \\'Ms  i  c  rlM  i  n  1  \  hi.-  inline  iicc 

lliat     I'll  I'lli-lled    <!ell.    <'hlli<    \vilh    l\\'n    enlll  |)MllifS    nf    l-'l'f  lli-lllllf  11 

i-iiii  1\  a-!.a>kiM  Iii  aid  him  in  hi-  CM  |»i  i'.rf  of  ihf  furl  In-rf.  1 1 
i-  uell  kiinuii  ;hal  I-'alher  (.ihaiill  Mihlresscil  the  lruu|)>  un 
i!  •  '  d"|iarinrf  I'min  Ka-ka.-kia  f"r  ihf  \\';iliash  and  u'a\f 
hi-  ilf--iii^'.  I  !••  iinliici-il  hi-  f  riciiil  and  \>;\  \  isliimii'i1. 
l''raiiei-  \'i;_:'n.  an  Indian  trader,  at  the  nn-eiil  .-iie  uf  Si. 
! .  in  •  -  •• ':-}}  ini'Mii-  lu  M!I|  liif  f  \|ifilil  iun.  I  Ic  also  fnr- 

ed    LJ'liide-    In   eultdllel     I  lie    fnl'e  •    n\  f !'    I  111'    oVf  r  lIuUV  1 1    Mini     ie\ 
i -I'!  H--    In    I  h  i-    lihlee.        In    II.    (  'hi  1'k    V  I  1  il     ill-    -HIM  I  I    Mild     U  ul'll 
n      '      f'll'ee    ;iri'i\'ed    I  li'I'i  '    nil     l''ei  il'lla  l'\     V  i  .     1  1  1  '•'.    Mild    nil     I  I'M 

-  .       fiiin  hi'l  l<'d    I  iu\ .    1 1  a  MI  i  1 1  "ii   In  -n  n  i  ndf  r   I  lie    furl    fnr  \\  a  nl 
i  ii  in-  uf   •••  MI'  M  ml  n  •!•'  --M  i",   -n  |i|d  ii-.     The  HMLJ  u|    \    r- 

L;   n  >a.  i  if  rha  ]i>.   \\  a  -  ra  i-ed   u<   •  i    lii-1  «\< !    fnri   lie  re  and   1 1.\<     I1.  ML;- 

>il     \\  ;l-    ill     Mil    elld     fn|V\  i-r. 

l-'.-ilh'1!'  <  iihallll   di  'd  Ml    \e\\     Madrid.    M  i--uliri.    i'l    IMI 
MM!  \-    \VM  -  -fill    in  (  'M  nai     .  .,  •  •     ' :  •  •  -   Li'ra  ml    h  ;-lui'|ea  I   *  ' 


DISTINGUISHED  I'KKSONNKI.. 


(,KX.  (IKOKHK   KOCiKKs  c|,AKK. 

lie  was  a  (K'sci-iidant  of  a  Virginia  family.  x-ttlcd  in  .  \lir- 
niaj'lc  and  ('ai'olinc  c-ountics.  II*1  was  cominissioiioc!  li\"  Pat- 
rick Ilciii'N".  (  lovi'i'iKii'  of  \  i  i'(u'ijiia.  to  oi'u'anix^  a  tuilitan 
force  and  |M'nc;'cd  to  capini-c  ilie  J-Ji^'lish  fort  at  Kaskaskia. 
lie  undertook  the  task  hut  failed  to  u'athci:  the  f<>nv  or  ininii- 


Gen.    George    Rogers   Clark. 

tions  of  wa  r  aul  horixcd  hy  his  com  miss  ion.  I  Ic  only  .-m-n  vdc,; 
hv  his  own  account  in  raising  l.'iii  men  and  \vilh  tlii-  force  lie 
-la  r  lei  I  fi-iini  the  Kails  of  the  Ohio  II  i\-r  at  I  juii>\  il  le.  in  ojien 
hoat.-.  on  .Iiuie  'fs.  lii>.  and  after  a  tedious  \'ova.^'e  of  li\, 

da\>  do\\'n    the   ()lllo    !Jl\'el-.    lie    'eft    hl>    hoais  a   J'eW    link's   h'.'lou 

I  he  mouth  of  the  TelilK'SsiH'  lii\cr  and  proceeded  hv  laii'i 
without  a  roail  and  throuti'li  a  deseii  country  to  Kaskaskia. 
lie  arrived  thereon  the  opposite  hank  of  the  Kaska-kia  liiver 


in  .1  n  1\   :'nl.  1  ]  '.  >.     'I'lir  iir\i   i  In  \    lie  cfi  i«>c(  1  i  lie  n\  i'  r  a  in  I  o  li- 
ed  |>o--e--ioii  u|'   l\;i>!\!i.-l\i;i   \vithniii   lirinji  ;i  1:1111  IT  lo-mi: 
man.      Thr  -amr  thi'!Lr  lir  aiTOiii|i!i-ln>(l    in  ihr  same  Nood- 
le manner   in  nil   the   KiTiii-li   M'li  li'indits  of  liic   M  i>- i>si|>|ii 

1,'lMT. 

lie  ilii-n   f«Tiiii'i]  an  exiu'dii  inn   m  t~.i\>\  HIT  ihr  old   I'm1!   IM-IV. 

;llereal    kr;     !u    lln-    !',ii  —  '  —  lull    uf    ihr    X  i  >l't  ll\\Vst .        \\'illl;l     foiT<- 

ii'iiinl  liv  l\vii  i-iiiiii'MiUi-s  I'M rn  i-h.'i!  linn  ai  l\aska>kia.  \\<- 
-iai'lrd  l'i-lirnar\  ~>.  II"!'.  i\\\  \\\-  .-a  mpa  IL;'II  a^;iin^l  llie  1-.  HL;'- 
li-li  I'u IT  liriT.  lit1  ai'i'i\i'il  lii-i'i'  al'l  •  i'  main  liai'iUlii|is  in  -iiI'Mil 
:"  tin'  D\( Till i\\Til  i -i mil itii)] i  u|'  ;  he  i -i  in  n!  ry  uii  iln-  '.'  llh  n|'  I-  ••  • 

.  K*'J.  and  on  ilir  NI-M  da1,  i-oiii|trl!cd  (Jo\-.  I  lamihi'ii. 
lln  |-!n-li>li  roiiiiiiamh']'.  to  sun-'inlrr  tin-  i'»ri  and  hoisfil  ilif 

-"I  the  lo--  of  a  -in-lc  man.  The  Mn^li-li  lost  tin1  ciilin1 
XiTiln\i-i  trrritor\  mil  of  \\hi.h  ihe  li\e  ^rr.-it  and  |io]uiloiis 
-la"--  of  n  o.  hulii  .  I  oj-.  \[ii  i--an  and  \\'i-i  n 

a    .    !n -i    i   fun 

(it'll.    (   'hi  I'1,     I  '  '!'    !  11  i-   -el''    lee    \\  11  -    '_  I'.  I  I  ;1  ei  !    ;]     1  a  I'Ll'i '    t  I'M  I '1     o  f 
'       II  I'       eo',1  Hi  \  .     I  '  :<  '  ;:,:.;:.    \\     I  It'll    \\  ;|-    i  I  j  '      lied    a  III' 

•      '      111        •  I  I  e    '      •  .    '        :  '  lal  loll     e;|  I  led     "  I  ,,0,-U-l 

1  i  '••       '  |e;|  ]'     I  ,o|l  l-\   i       e.      i\  e':  ;  ,li     s      .     oil      llle      1  '.' I  I  I     of      I''  •  1  1 1'      . 

!  O  -. 

i  i:  \\t  i-  \  ion. 
•    "I     \loiido\i    in    lli      l\      _'  ioin   of   Sard  i  n  ia. 

-'','.        \\-  .     • 

'  •   S;,;  li-led    a-  a    Sii.-mi-li    -oldier.      \\  :  • !     hi-    ,  om- 

ea  II      •      io      \e\\       I   >rle.-|ll-.  Me        ,      '|       ll|e      III  i  !  itlM'\ 

en!         i    ;         M  i--i  — iimi    II        r        -       oeaii          'an 

I       '  >  '      el       _  :|      la  Hi!-     o!        I  he     -i  !••     of     f  he     ]i|T-r||1 

1     •      of  >: .    I  .MI    ..      ||,     f.emi  n   io  i  rade    •    •      '    ,     I  ndian-  a  inl 
•'."•:•.          i  -          •'.'•.       a-   a    -          -  I  radiT.       II 

'  _  •    i  -'    ;  •     l'or  ;     ;i  1  i  a  ri  v  i  la  \ .      Me  \\  a-  a  t 

".e    n|!     ]  hi       \ji--i--       i!ii      I  .'  '      iT    V      It'll     (  ii'll.     ( 


PKRSONNKI. 


arrived  ;ii  Ka-ka-kia.  and  without  diflieulty.  obtained  pos- 
-ession  (if  lhal  French  village.  After  ( Jen.  Clark  had  ohtained 
pni.^osioii  of  Kaskaskia  and  tin.-  other  French  villages  on  the 
M  i--i--i |)]>i  Itiver.  ii  \\as  determined  to  undertake  an  expedi- 
tion from  Kaskaskia  lo  capture  the  old  fort  on  tin-  \Vahash  at 
\'i in-emies.  When  that  expedition  was  planned.  Col.  \  iu'o 
\\'as  indiu-cil  to  furnish  aid  and  nican>  to  carrv  n  on.  It  is 
-afc  to  claim  that  the  influence  that  operated  on  Col.  \  1^0 
\\a-  !-"atlier  I'ierre  (iihanli.  (Jen,  ('lark  was  not  kno\vn  to 
Col,  Viijfo.  lie  \vns.  however,  a  ineinher  of  Father  (iihanlt's 


Francis  Vigo. 

conn-relation  and  he  had  u'real  inlhieiiee  over  him.  Father 
<iihanli  at  the  reipiot  of  Col.  Yivj>.  had  erected  the  (irst  Cath- 
olie  church  in  ihe  Indian  village  when-  Col.  Yi^o  resided. 
!lo\vever  ihi>  mav  he.  i;  is  certain  thai  Col.  Yiu'o  furiii-hed 
money  and  support,  if  ( 'on^'re^s  approivriat  ions  are  lo  he  lie- 
li  'Veil,  to  aid  the  ex [icd  ii  urn.  A  fter  ( .en.  Cla  rk  ca  pi  ured  the 
fort  her,-.  Co].  Yiu'o  came  to  Vincennes  and  localeil  and  con- 
tinued to  reside  here  until  his  death  in  l>:!(i. 

lie  wa>  induced  lo  come  and  ku-aie  here  in  coiise»pieiu-e  of 
tlie  land  grants  of  ('on^ros  lo  the  I-'rendi.  and  he  hepm  to 
trade  \\it!i  ihe  Indian-  and  the  French  inhabitants  \vlio  had 


heeii    granted    land-    hv   Congress.       Me    wa-   again    successful 

and     h\     tile    Illlle    the     I     lilted     Stale-    Ci  Ulllll  1--I'  HUT-    eaille    ll'Ti 

to  adjust  Freiidi  land  grant.-  in  l>nl.  he  had  Income  the 
largest  land  pro]irit tor  here.  Me  wa-  successful  when  tradim: 
with  the  red  savage  or  the  ignorant  Frenchman,  Inn  when  he 
came  in  ciiiitact  with  the  educated  class  that  came  here,  when 
the  territorv  was  nrgani/ed,  ;ln-  vast  estate  disappeared  as  the 
IIP  inn  HIT  ini-l  is  dissipateil  hv  the  rising  -un  and  he  died  in 
!  ^-'i.  an  ohject  i  if  diaril  v. 

\\h'ii  (i>l.  \  igo  eaille  here  lie  was  u ii ma iTied .  Inn  he  mar- 
ried a  Mi--  Shannon.  She  li\ed  Inn  a  -Imrt  tune  after  th- 
marriage  and  hotv  him  no  children.  At  hi-  death  he  left  n« 
heii's  of  hi-  liodv  am!  im  kimwn  hlood  kindred.  The  onlv  re- 
lative- he  I  'ft  were  hv  a!linil\'  with  hi-  wife. 

\\heti  lie  came  and  IMIIL;  before,  lie  was  a  dev<nn  Catholic. 
h  wa-  through  hi-  exertions  that  main  priests  were  sent  h  r. 
liishop  John  (  YilToil  ,,f  lla  It  i  IIHMV.  hefore  and  after  I  i  i'»I. 
lie  \vas  a  ver\  X"a ion-  Catholic  in  all  church  fu  net  ion-  and  hi- 
naine  appear-  mi  the  church  register  as  godfather  at  main 
hapti-m-  and  as  witm-.--  in  main  marriage-.  Tin-  continued 

•  liecanie  i Id  in  attend  tn  -iieh  church  mat  NT-. 

\\h"ii  the  church  here  \\a-  incorporated  in  1VI|1.  lie  \va- 

ele.-l''d     l. He     of     |||e     tlMI-lec-     aild      -u    CO)  1 1  I  1 1 1 1 1 'd      lllllil      IS".''.'     aild 

aiii'iided  all  mcciim_r-  of  the  trii-iees.  ^'et  lii-  hod\  after  hi- 
dea:  h  >va  -  !  iii  !•]  'i  1  in  a  1  *n  ne-taiit  ecinetcr\'. 

Me  i\  a-  i r  and  \\  a  n!  i  ng   the  iieces-arie-  of  li  fe  a  I    the  1 1  mi 

nl'  hi-  deal  h.      \Vlieii  !  lie  liranch  nf  tin    Stall     l»anl<  of  I  m 
.,,-    n-uanixi'd  heri      •     I  -  ;  !.  ' ;  •     lir-l    liv  •  dollar  I. ill    i  — m 

•  e    ira  iieli  \\  a-  made  |  m  va  li|e  tn  (  '.  >|.   \"!L;O.      I  Ie  \vnii  Id   imt   11-1 

' '  In  mu'li    in    d  i-t  iv--.    hii|    di'po-itc|    the    h;  1 1    in    the 
e-  i  if  the  \  i  nceii  n  •-   1 1 1 -I  i  inc;i !  and  A  ni  mua  rian   Societ  v 
.1-  a    relic.      It   remained    there  fur   man\    \ears  alter  the  -  • 

•  :'    I  'nl.    \  •  _•  >.       It    wa-   a  i'-i  railed    from    I  lie    a  I'eh  i  ve-   nf    t  ha  ' 

• .     .     .    .1, .;  '     |  i  .  nn  ii'dilat  ini         I-. 


I  M<TiN<;rism-:i>   I'KKSONNKI..  17!* 

were  made  lo  secure  its  return.  Inu  \vilh  what:  success  is  not 
known. 

('o].  Yiii'o  hail  a  claim  before  Congress  for  remuneration  on 
account  of  the  advances  lie  had  I'arnislu'd  (ieii.  Chirk.  It  \vas 
never  paid  iinlil  forty  years  after  his  death.  At  the  time  of 
navaieiit  liv  Congress  he  liad  no  blood  relations  to  become  ben  - 
'•ticiaries  ol'  tlie  appropriation.  He  had  employed  John  Law. 
Abner  T.  Kllis  and  F  Ait  her  IF.  KYed  as  attorneys  to  prosecute 
this  claim,  who  were  to  receive  their  compensation  out  of  any 
;unds  Congress  miirht  appropriate. 

In  relation  to  this  claim  he  frequently  stated  that  the  gov- 
'•rnmeiit  was  slow  in  allowing  it  and  that  he  had  become  too 
"Id  for  n  to  be  of  anv  use  to  him.  and  that  if  over  paid,  the 
('atliolic  ehaivli  should  have  it.  He  made  this  statement  to 
Hi-hop  Brute  wh'ii  mi  bis  death  lied  at  the  bouse  of  Betsv  La- 
1'lante.  .But  the  claim  was  not  paid  until  1'orlv  years  after 
his  death  and  the  churdi  n'ot  nothing  out  of  the  aiHironriatioii 

•  -  III 

made  bv  Coa^i'ess.  In  1  s:>  1  be  executed  what  purported  lo  be 
his  last  will.  But  this  document  on  account  of  remarkable 
provisions  in  it.  was  thought  by  his  friends  to  have  been  exe- 
cuted when  he  was  "mm  compos.'  \\hen  Mr.  Knglish  was 
here  looking  up  data  for  bis  bistorv.  be  requested  the  author 
to  accompanv  him  to  the  Catholic  cemetery  and  show  him  the 
u' rave  of  Col.  \  ip>.  \\beii  informed  ('ol.  Vi«'o  was  not  imricd 
in  the  ('atholic  but  in  th,1  Protestant  ii'inetery,  he  expressed 
surprise  lie  was  accompanied  to  the  Protestant  eemeterv  and 
ais  neji'leeted  ^ra\e  hunted  up  and  after  cultnic;  a\\a\  the 
briers  and  -craping  awav  the  moss  on  the  plain  slab  Ivm^'  on 
in-  ^'rave.  we  found  the  date  of  his  death  erroneously  »'iyen. 
This  |;lrt  satisfied  us  ihat  the  plain  slab  had  been  placed  there 
bv  -onie  i^ood  Samaritan  not  acquainted  with  the  facts 
connected  witb  his  death.  In  the  remarkable  will  ijv- 


li>.  -hnllld  In-  u.-ed  in 
lining  a  -mail  hell  l«r  the  ('mirt  Il<m-e  uf  \  !:_:'(>  Coimtv. 
Indiana,  whieh  ua-  named  in  lii-  Imiiiii1.  and  the 
eiitjiv  halaiiee  -limiM  In-  paid  in  l-'ranei-  Mekee  and, 
Aivliiliald  MeKee.  Tiic  will  appointed  Alhert  l'>a.|.»ll,-t. 
(ienruv  \\".  I-:  \\in--  and  .  \ivlidiald  Mekie.  mie  of  his  devisees. 
hi-  rxrrniiii1-.  MI  -.-is.  r>adni!i'i  and  Mwin^  in-vi'i1  i|iialitii'd. 
MI!  \|1-Ivir  did.  and  iniik  npnii  liini-cif  tlir  -fie  cxcciit  ion  «\ 
llic  tni-t.  T!i.'  will  al-n  ciuiiaini'd  ilir  |irnvi.-i(»n  ihai  al'icr 
di'aih  hi-  I  H  id  \-  -liniild  lir  I|IS|KI>IM|  id'  in  an\  manin'i1  his  i-\fc- 
iilnr-  mi^'lii  -ct'  pntjicr.  Thi-  i-ljuist-  |>;irl  imlarlv  caii-rd  n-- 
mark-  and  hi-  fririid-  ilmilit.'il  hi-  sanitv  ai  ihc  luiir  <>\'  n- 
f\i'fiili(Ui.  Mi'dird  ai  the  l)<ni-e  id'  l»i-tsv  l.al'lanii'.  \vlm  lived 
:n  a  ri'iili'd  frame  hmi-i1  i>n  the  MHith\\"e.-l  .-ide  n|  Main  >ti'eei 
mi'Uvav  lft\vci-n  l^nnrih  and  Ml'lh  streets.  She  \va.-  a  |i<>nr 
!•  r"iieh  \\niiiaii  and  attended  him  in  hi-  la-i  ^iekness  and  until 
hi-  death.  Mai'eh  '!'.'.  I"-'!'!,  and  iii'vcr  received  an\'  coinjiciisa- 
ti«iii  I'ur  hi'i1  -er\'iee-.  .\ndre\\  (iardiier  \\a-  ihe  undiTtak"!' 
\\liu  liiirieij  hi-  remain-  and  I'nr  hi-  -er\  ice-  charged  the  rea- 
-i>nah|r  and  innde-i  -urn  "(  t\\eiil\  dullar-.  lini  tin.-  small 
1  ,\a-  iml  paid  u  n  I  i  I  t'i>rl\  \  -ars  after  hi-  death  and  i- 
n!  "  ill'  the  fe\<,  ildit-  a-'ain>t  hi-  e-tale  that  \vi-rc  e\er  paid. 

!  !     -    i  •\eelHuf   a  Hi  I    de\  |-ee     lle\  er    111  -d    a  !  I  \     I  II  Veil  1  1  H'\     1  1  f    ll  I-    i  -- 

late  :  ,,-  made  a  n\    lina  !   repuri   i  if  i  he  a  nn  m  nt    (  'uii^'re--  al  Imved 

•     'he  elaim  "r  ihe   manner   it    \\'a-  di-hiir-ed.  and   did   imi    pa\ 

i  he  i  -i  i-l-  nf  t!i  •  ad  m  i  n  i  -t  rat  inn  «r  1  lie  pn  n'  i  IIL;'  "I'  the   l'u  neral 

iii     ei-.      Senainr   \"iinrlire-   -tated    ill.-  .li'i^inal   elai  .....  f    Cul. 

V'.:..    f.i|-   -pppli.-    fiirni-lied    (ien.    (  lark    \va-  s>.'Mi;.         I'.in 

ia-    nut    alluded    iiniii    1  x  1  ~>    when    n    \\a-   all<i\\'ed 


i  r-  a  !  ter  ihe  dea  1  h  nf  (  'u|.    \  IUH.   u  !m 

i  •  i  a  1  1  1  1  1  1  -    1  1  i       •  '  '         .  i  U  e  1  1  1     1  1  1     pe  I 

-h-l-i-d    1  d  1-1  I'e--. 


KO   PKRSONNKI  .  1s! 


(iKNKKAL  W.  JOHNSON. 

He  was  a  native  of'  Culpepper.  County  of  Virginia.  He 
came  to  Yiricenne<  and  permanently  located  in  KS)>.  He  wa- 
a  prominent  member  of  the  bar  and  was  the  first  attorney  ad- 
mitled  to  ]  tract  ice  in  the  courts  here.  I  Le  filled  many  ollices 
of  1 111  si  under  the  borough  organization  and  also  under  the 
territorial  government,  lie  was  tvriee  elected  to  the  bench 
a.s  ['resident  -Judge  of  the  Knox  Circuit  Court,  .lie  was  fre- 
quently elected  to  represent  the  county  in  tlie  legislature,  lie 
\va-  an  enthusiastic  Mason.  He  compiled  the  lirst  code  of 
laws  of  the  Indiana  Territory,  lie  I'esided  on  the  west  corner 
of  First  and  Hart  streets  in  a  house  that  was  lorn  down  the 
present  vear.  lie  died  October  ''(ills,  IS.'!:!,  and  was  buried, 
with  Masonic  honors. 

OKNKRAh  HYACINTHK  LASSKI.LE. 

lie  was  a  Frenchman  by  birth  and  came  to  the  \Yahash 
(•(tuntrv  from  Canada  in  K!'".  lie  remained  here  in  business 
until  iSo.'l.  when  h;1  remo\cd  to  Litganspitrt.  Indiana.  lie 
was  a  practical  ('alholic  and  was  one  of  llie  trustees  of  the 
church  as  long  as  he  resided  here.  lie  was  in  the  militarv 
service  of  the  government  when  /acharv  Tavlor  was  com- 
mandant of  Fort  Knox.  When  Col.  Tavlor  was  promoted  for 
his  gallant  defense  of  For  I  Harrison  in  is]:!.  (Icn.  I.assellc 
was  promoted  and  succceiitd  him  as  c(tinmandant  of  Fort 
Knox.  He  erected  a  verv  large  frame  hotel  on  the  west  corner 
of  Second  and  IVrrv  streets,  which  was  the  principal  hole! 
of  the  I  own  a<  long  as  he  remained  here,  h  was  dest  roved  hv 
fire  in  isil.  (leu.  Lass.dle  was  one  of  (he  mosi  active  and 
inlluential  citixen's  of  the  place  and  his  removal  to  Loganspori 
^'as  "'enerallv  regret leil 


II.  \>a~  ii.ru  ill  r>urkrlry.  Virginia.  <>n  tin-  I  tanks  of  tin 
l.-iiiH1-  l\i\  T.  llf  ik'srrinlril  I'fiiin  a  ivvi.liit  iuiiarv  aiircsirv 
1 1-  father,  lii'iijamin  llarri-on.  was  our  <>f  iln>  si^iUTs  of  ilii 
><•  i;irai]"M  nf  I  iiilf|ici)i]rl)(  r.  Mr  \\a>  nhicatcil  in  \' i  i-^'i  n  ia 


G.-n.    Harrison. 

'      '    •    |  ii'i  iii-i|i]c>  iif  i  ii  •  -  i'1  a  I   nii'ii  ul'  i  hal  >!a!r.     1 1 1 

•  ,    '  '  I.  li.ul  ^n-ai    iiitliii'iii-i-   in   t In 

•  •,.'.'    , ,  Hi !     '    1 1  ii  in.    ."i '  i(     dial  tin  I    Ii  mi    ! '  i   i  ii  it  a  i  n    hi  i]  ii  M'a  i  iji  •   a  in 

I  |.     \\  a-   a  |ijmi  nti-i]    i  he   !ir>i    C,i>\ 
••'.     •      •'    \      '      •       T-'iTitur     .:    • :   i-a  DM'    in    I  iii-    hlarr    in    1  MI] 


I  MSTIM.I  i>m-:n   I'KKSONNKI..  lf-3 

When   he  came  lie  found    Vim-emics  in   reality  ;i   French   vil- 

la ire.  as  tllel';1  Were  Itllt  few  person-  in  llir  place  who  spoke  or 
U  lldcl'-li  lod  ;inv  lailJi'lUlii'e  except  tile  French.  \\llell  lie  e;lllle 
ihel'e  wa.-  not  ;l  brick  house  ill  tile  phlee.  lie  erected  in  lM>|. 
on  his  plantation  called  "(  Jrousoland,"  adjoining1  the  village. 
a  tine  brick  mansion  which  yet  stands  and  will  hear  contrast 
with  anv  brick  structure  in  the  city,  lie  was  the  patron  of 
I  -ami  IILT  and  education  and  was.  instrumental  in  founding  the 
Vinceinies  Library  and  the  \iiicennes  I  Diversity.  Me  com- 
manded the  troop-  in  the  bloody  battle  of  Tippecanoe.  fought 
with  the  Indians  in  November.  1S.11.  lie  was  the  candidate 
of  th->  \Yhiir  party  in  the  memorable  political  contest  of  1S-10. 
when  he  was  elected  the  ninth  .President  of  the  I  nited  States 
over  Martin  Van  lUtren.  by  a  larue  majority  of  the  electoral 
vote.  lie  was  inaugurated  President  on  the  !th  of  March. 
I  s  1  1  find  one  month  after  on  April  ith.  is  I  ]  .  he  died  in  the 
presidential  man>ion  at  \\  ashing'ton  Citv.  lli>  remains  were 
brought  to  Ohio  and  buried  on  his  homestead  estate  at  North 
!>end  on  the  Ohio  River,  a  few  miles  below  Cincinnati.  (Jen. 
Harrison  had  represented  Ohio  in  the  Senate  of  the  I'nitcd 
States  before  he  was  elected  President.  He  left  Viiicennes 
the  latter  part  of  October.  ISI  I.  on  his  way  to  fiidit  the  battle 
of  Tippeeanoe.  and  never  returned  IH.MV  to  reside.  lie  was 
soon  after  the  battle  of  Tippeeanoe  appointed  a  major-general 
in  the  I  niteil  Slates  armv  and  was  en^'a^'ed  in  military  oper- 
ation- in  the  North  and  foiiiihi  the  battle  of  the  Thames  in 
which  Tecumsch.  the  celebrated  Indian  chief,  was  killed. 
ough  he  never  returned  to  this  place  to  reside,  lie  was  held 
hi^'h  esteem  by  the  citizens.  In  the  residential  election  of 


larii'e  \'oie  in   this  citv  and  count  \\      lie  \'i>ited    Vim-eimes  in 
!So."j.  and  wa>  at   the  house  of  lllihu   Stout,  where  the  writer 
-aw  him    f  reouetit  1  v. 
f  i::  i 


1M 


HI-  \\a-   ln»rn  in    Lam-aster  County.    lYim.-ylvaiiia.   in    M;i\. 
11  !".      Hi-   \va>  appointed    ihr   lirsi    Seri"iary   n|'  ihr    Indian;, 
Triritnry  aiii!  ramr  heiv  \viili  lien.   liarri-"!!  in  IMI!.      11.  •  n- 
inainnl    hriv  until    .\]'i'il.    1  >  1  I.   u'liiMi    a-   HI-IIIIL;"  (invernor   "I 
ihr  T<-rni"rv.  hr   ivnioved    \viih   th-   ra|>iial    I"   Cnrydnn.      Hi 
\\a-  an  hoiie-t   man  ainl  i-apaUe  oilirial.      iMirni^  In-  IHIIL;'  nili- 
riai  life  In'  \va>  a!\\a\"-  al">vr  irn:|>ia!  inn  IT  >u>|iirinn.  aiii 
an  u'i':-ial    rt'i-onl    \vit!i.»ui   a    lili'ini-li.      llr   had    \vcin    ihrmiu 
>i'Vci't'   and    ii'V'in^   XTVICC   in    variniis    Indian    \vai'-    II-I'IIIT    in- 
i-ani'1  IUTC.      llr  \\'a~  i!ir  i  nirri  M'r|rr  io  \vlnnn    Ln^'an.  ihr  crlr- 
liratrd    Milieu  cliid'.  dr]i\Trd   ihr  >|irccli   \\diidi   ha-  ln-ri 
iiini-ialixrd  liv  .IrlTrrsnn   ill  hi-  iii)ii->  "ii   \'ir-inia.      llr  d;« 
••I»raddiH-k>  l-'irld-"  near  ilnj  Citv  nf  1'itishuri:1.  !>rnn>vhania. 
ai   tin-   ri-id-'iin-  nf   (  Iror^f   \\allar'.   In-  >-iii-in-la\v.   "n   Apr  . 


I!-   \va-  '"'!'n    in   tin1   I'nv  nf    (Jrnr\'a.     S\vitxrrlan.d.   in   ihr 

,r;    I1     1  1  .'i>.         1  |r    \\';i-    ihr    >O|1    "f   ;  |     1  .11  i  llrTa  1!    lllilli-i    'I'.        A    -1  I'"!  <  'J. 

P  and  ,11  lachnii'iil  -ITIIIIL;'  MJI  ln-t  \vccii  liiin  and    \ 
Ha    alin.      '1'hrv  caiiic  In   ihr   I'liilrd    States   tn^rihrr  and   a  r- 
••  •  al"'iii    1  1  1  ii       !  I  r   ti  r-i   -rii  ird    in    I'eiinsvh  ania   and 
1  _"   !;:-    I'r-nlriire    ihiTf   \vas   i'i!ini-ti'd    \viili    \arinii-   -lair 
>:]'.   •  -.     'rhrmiLi'h  liir   inihimrc  -ii    hi-   fi  '•    id   AllnTi   '  . 

a-  apl'Ciintfd   ihr  li  |--i    K  "_;-!-l  ra  r  '  <l    ihr   1'nilrd   >i;i  ',<•- 
«:]':'•<     ill    liii-    I'larr.   and    ratnr  and    |irriuannil  i\    lii.-aird    hn-i 

Ili-d     II  111  i  I     hi-    dralll.         I  lr    lii-rlia  I'^'ril     !  i|r    n  "|!  !  '!  !'    a  1  n  i 
i;       !  !'   -    nf    i  li  •     ||c^i-1  I1;  I  I1'-    nllirr       \      I  ]       -    '  r.VIrl  t]r~-     '          '      .      i   r] 

I'"!'-  •        irr]|    '(rlrrli   dill  -         .  ""   ..        I  i  .  •    r,  i  ;  ;  -      IJi-^i- 

.    \     •  •  •    !',    dn  [ri.  \va-  a  j'j.ninird   j;    ;  :-  |i!ar  •.      II-  \\  a-    <\  • 
--'"-.  '  •     .     I    •  '  •         Si;iii-  !<i  a> 


KKSONNKI.. 


iier  of  the  convention  tiiat  framed  the  lirst  Constitution  of 
Indiana  in  IMii.  He- served  on  many  important  committees 
in  thai  convention  and  \\as  an  iniluential  and  useful  member. 
He  died  universally  reuTetted.  -Ink  -2!).  1S:>;. 


XAT1IAXI  KI,  KW1XO. 

lie  wa-  appointed  the  lirst     Receiver   of    1'ublic  Monies  of 

I  he    land  ollice  here.       lie  came   here   lo  discharge   tile   duties   of 

that  office  and  remained  here  until  his  death.  He  was  one  of 
the  I'niied  Stales  Commissioners  to  adjust  land  titles  in  the 

Vi  lleeline-    I)i-trie1.        He    W;1S    OJle    of    tile    lliailV    ahle    llh'll    wllo 

came  here  during  territorial  days.  He  was  full  of  resources 
and  \vas  always  readv  to  encourage  any  enterprise  calculated 

to    hellelil     the    place.        He    died    AllLTllSl     <i.    lS|C>.   at     his    cOUllt  V 

seal  four  mile-  east  of  \  incennes.  His  remains  were  brought 
In  ilii-  cilv  and  Imried  in  the  public  ceineterv  and  a  line  mon- 
ument erected  over  his  uTave.  He  left  six  children,  three 
-on-  and  three  daughters.  Caroline  married  |)r.  (leor^'e  \\  . 
Mears.  of  Indianapolis:  Harriet  married  .lame-  Farriniflon. 
<>f  Terre  Haul'1:  and  Sarah  married  .John  Law.  C.eoi'Lre  \\  . 
Fwmv;  was  elected  1'rohate  .lud^v  and  acquired  the  title  of 
the  "Orphans'  Friend."  William  L.  Fwini:  went  to  Si.  Louis 
ami  ensured  in  banking'  and  accumulated  a  lar^v  foriune. 
•  lames  Fwmv;  I'-mained  here  and  was  a  successful  business 

X.AOHARY  '\'\\  I.OK. 

He  wa-  a  \  i  rin  n  ia  n  bv  birib  and  was  a  descendant  of  Rev- 
olutioiiary  ancestors,  lie  came  to  N'iiifi-iim's  a  stranger  to 
fortnnc  and  fame,  as  a  Iniied  Slates  military  ollicer.  lo  lake 
(oinmand  of  Fort  l\no\.  lie  be^a  n  his  military  career  here 
and  Drained  Jiis  lirst  distinction  l>y  his  ^allani  defense  of 
Fort  Harrison  in  is]],  which  brilliant  achievenicnt  se- 
cured his  promotion,  lie  resided  in  \  incennes  with  hi-  fam- 
il\  ami  here  In-  daughter.  -Jessie  Ta\lor.  \\'ho  afterwards  mar- 


I  Mi 

riiil  .Ir !i'rr-Dii    l);i\i-   in  a    I'uiiawav   inalrli.  \va-  Imrn.      Mr  h'l'i 
IH-IV   \\iih    hi-   family  al'!.-r    1  -s  1 '.'  ami    \va-  -latiDiird  at    l>ainn 

(in!!'       Mr  \va.-  in  '.•oniinaiiil   hrrc  at    ihr  Invakinj;  mil    nf    ihr 
Mi-xiraii    uar   and   cuiiiniamlcil    ihr   annv   at    the  >l 


Zachary   Taylor. 

Maiamora-  am!   ihr  hatllr-  n|'  Sallilln  am!    Mii'iia    Yi-ia.      Mr 

\\a-     rlrrtn]      ill''     !  \\vlfth      I'l'f.-iilrlit     <>\'     ilic     I    Ilitnl     S|;l!r-     ill 

1^  !^.   am!    \va-  inaii-u  raid!    Man-li    I.    1>  1!».      ll<-  ilinl   in    lln- 

'•\>  -I'll  l  ;  \  !•    ma!)-i'>n    a!     \\  a-li  I  nu'i  "ii    ('ilv    ilui'il)^'    ln>    li'i'in.    nil 

.lulv  till.  IS.MI. 

i.KMRi.K    l;i  id  KK>  i   I.  \  UK    --I    I.I.I  VAX. 

II'-   v.  a-   in TH  "ii    tin-   I'anii    "f    hi-     lalhrr.     (iriirnil     lli'nr\ 
Sulli\iii!.  i:«-;ir  Luiii.-\  ilic.   Kmi  iick\ .      llr  -tiitlird   la\\   am!   ua- 

a'illliltrl!      ID      I  i|'a:-|  ir .-.  Mr        \\a.-       a        li|'D|  !ir|'-l  ||-|;|  \\      1 1 )'      KlHlll 

StDiit.    ;iin!    raillr    llrl'r    ;iml     |  )|';irt  |cci  I     111-     I  >  I'D  |'r--  |  D  1 1     |n|-    !liail\ 

r;ir-.      ||i-  \va-  liDiiurri]  \\hilr  hrpr  \\nli  iiian\    mark-  D|'  |ID|MI- 

•      'a  .DI-.  |  |,.     \\;i-      iifti-ll      rlrrli  i|       ID      Dllirr      limlrl'     lllr      n|i| 

ILlll     allil     \l.a-    ulH-    nf     llir     i:r-l      jin-l  ma-liT-    nf     \    Illrrllllr-. 

! !  •    \\  a-  -cvrra  I  I  itm-^  i-ln-inl  a   m  -inhri1  nf  l  hr  Lr^ir-lal  mv  ami 

-D        I  'l-D-i-    -111  ill-       AllUI'lllV.  Mr      \V;|-       \r]'\       - 1 1  I  •(•(-- f  1 1  I        III        Ili- 

1    'l         '   '  :     hail    I  hr    |v|.||la1  iii||    n|     ln'ilii;    <illr   D|'    1  hr    HID-]    flu 

'       -  .  1   Ir      \\  a-      rill  1  lll.\n  !       I  !)       I  ||l' 


I)is'riN(ii'isiiKi)   I'KRSOXXKI..  1ST 

ilefeii-e  in  irrave  en  mi  n;il  casts  at  home  and  abroad.  In  oin 
of  such  eases,  lie  received  as  a  1'tv  the  portrait  of  liis  namesake. 
( icon.;-*'  Rogers  ( 'lark.  This  \vas  one  of  the  onlv  two  that  \vere 
t-ver  painted  from  life.  He  lirouu'lit  it  to  Yinceimes  and  ii  i- 

.[  ' 

now  preserved  in  the  \  inceiines  University.  He  married 
lid  MI  Vanderblli'g.  one  of  the  daughters  of  Jud:<re  \ander- 
inii\u'.  and  .raised  a  larue  family  of  children,  lie  removed  from 
here  and  \veiit  to  Uuinrv.  Illinois.  \\'here  he  died.  Main'  of 
his  descendants  no\v  reside  there  and  occnpv  prominent  places 
in  society. 

ALKXANIiKl;   HI  CKNKK. 

lie  \vas  horn  in  KciiUickv  and  \vas  a  iiicinhci1  of  the  cele- 
brated I>iickner  family  of  that  state.  He  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  har.  lie  came  here  to  practice  la\\".  \\heti 
the  capital  \vas  removed  to  (.'orydon,  he  left  and  located  at 
C'harlestown,  .Indiana.  lie  continued  to  practice  law  there. 
When  the  Urand  Lodu'e  of  Masons  \vas  oru'anixed  he  \va- 
eli-cted  the  lirst  (irand  Master.  He  remo\ed  to  Missouri  and 
when  that  state  was  admitted  into  the  (.  nion.  he  was  elected 
one  of  iis  Senators  in  the  1'nited  States  Senate.  He  died  in 
the  prime  of  life  of  the  cholera  in  IS:>:>.  and  was  huried  at 
ni^'lit  hy  neu'ro  servants  in  a  lonely  ^rave  which  remained  un- 
marked until  a  few  \vars  a^o.  The  'ii'and  Lodu'e  of  Ma-oti- 
of  Indiana  in  IS'.i^.  took  adion  in  the  matter  and  appointed 
a  com  m  it  tee  to  i_>:o  and  seek  out  hi<  loiudv  ^'rax^e  and  erect  over 
his  remains  a  suitable  monument.  This  commiltee  of  which 
Ma-op  .1.  Xihlack  of  this  eitv.  was  chairman,  \\ein  in  the  dis- 
diar.Lj'e  of  their  dutv  and  found  Ins  londv  .n'raxe  and  traiis- 
ferreil  his  remains  to  St.  (ierard  cemetery  on  the  Mississippi 
IJner  and  erected  over  this  ne\\"  made  jirave  a  sintahle  mon- 
ument properlv  inscrihed  to  mark'  his  linal  resiinu'  place.  Tin- 
action  of  the  Masonic  (irand  Lod^-  was  ereditahle  to  ihe  order 
and  negative?  the  oft  repeated  saving  "()iu  of  si^hi  out  of 
mind." 


UK  N.I  .A  MIN  i1  \I:K  K. 

II.-    \\a>    Imril     ill     \e\V    .lel'seV,    September    '.".'.     11^1.    Jill.!     IV- 

iiiii\ci]  in  ihi-  place  iii  isol.      lie  liiirii  iiianv  ollires  umlpr  the 

i.-rritnl'ial    L!'o\  eminent.       1  le  \V,-1S  elerlnl   ;i   deli 'pile  In  (  'i>!):_nv-- 

i'l'Hii)  the  Territory.      II'-  rr-nl  -.1  In- IT  in  1  he  I  muse  mi  I  In-  ei  tr- 
uer nf   Kir-l   MIM!    liar!     streets,    \vhieh    \v;is    kimwM    ;is    •'I'jii'k 
ri:i:-i-.-"      <)n  ill.-  orpin  ix.it  ion  of  ihe  -late  ^nveninieni   lie  was 
liuteil  ilie  lirst    l-'eili-ra]  .i  mlp-  for  tli  •  1  M-t  riet  nf  1  inli;iii,-i. 

'Ml    p.-r.-i  \  i  1IL''    I  II  is    M|i|ioi|ll  lllelll     III    "I1'  i.T    1  "    lie    llejll'el1    (  ''  >1" 

'      i    '          ill'    1  lh-    si, 'lie.    1|.-    !TTH(i\ei!     ).  i     S;|  |clll.     \vll  M'e     lie    r.'ll- 

ie,|  ID  iv~i,lr  until  his  ilentii  . \iiLMi-i    P.'.  !>:',:..     II-  \v;i> 

I  >i-tl'ie!    .hid  HV  iif    hl'iiiina    111    ille   lillle   nf    111-   ile;Ull. 


!!.•  u;i-  Imril  iii    Marvhind  ;\\'<\   \va~  an  a--'-'Hiiiil  i-h--. ;  -el 
!a\v\'ei'.  a  in!   \  ei'\    .-I.  .]iii  'i!  i .      II.    ma  rrieil    inii  i  t  lie   fa 

:  H-nilt-lli-e.         I  !.      eallle    In     \    i  1 1. '( -|  I  1  le-    \\  i  I  1 ,     ill-     fa  llli 

i!if  -l:i!i'   Li'iiveriiliieni    \\';i~  i  iru'a  n  !/e. !   an.]    \\a-  ailin  it  i.'d    1.1 

elV     ill      1  -^  i  ^.     alii!     i-i>llllllelle"i!     1  lie     1  il';li-|  i  c -e     i  if     I  a  \\      ''•!'•. 

II-    ;•".  MI   I1-  -.-  I .  i  i  In-   f  iri  iin    ra  iils  of   In-   HP  >fi--ii  in.       \ 

1  •  -  -  .        '•'  '    •.  'I'].--' 

'    •  •    -       (     i-ve-    I  la ;•>••  -  ••  .      She  \va-  a    \> 

(  , ,  ' 
i  '-.-•.       \  1 1    "     •      i  hi'   n; iii'M'  Inn!    ii" 

'                            i'i        ...         lli'iii-'iit    In   liav. 
[••a  lull-  i'i\  a  I-.  il   - rai.-i 

fi  •    a-    t  i  i     I  II'        i -i  II!     ti  i    I  e| 

•     •     '      ,,  ini   I'i'l  !t  rti    In   t: :-    na  l  i  \  "  stall-. 


Leu'irdature  and  was  made  Speaker  of  the  ILou-e.  lie  was 
the  first  IVe-ideiit  .ludii'e  of  the  Kimx  Circuit  Court,  lie 
wa-  a|ij)ninU'(l  September  10,  ISK,  one  oi'  the  .Indies  of  ihe 
Supreme  Court  of  Indiana,  to  lill  a  vacancy  causod  by  the 
death  of  John  .lobiisnn.  lie  remained  continuously  on  the 
bench  of  the  Supreme  ('oni'i  until  January  3d.  ls.~>:>.  lie 

I  * 

was  a  I'lerwards  appoint. -d  one  of  the  Judges  of  tlie  I  nited 
Stales  Court  oL'  Claiin<  at  Washington  City.  He  was  not  a 
speaker  ol'  anv  L'oi'ce  and  made  few  specclics.  but  was  re- 
garded as  a  well  read  lawyer  and  safe  counsellor,  lie  will  he 
reip.einliei'ed  in  Indiana  on  account  of  ihe  manv  able  decisions 
he  ivndep-d  \\'hile  on  the  Supreme  r.eiich  and  for  the  ei^'ht 
voluiiiesof  the  decisions  of  that  court  which  bear  his  niinie. 
1  f e  married  a  Miss  ,lohn>ou  of  this  couniy.  hut  tlieir  marriage 
relations  A\'ere  inn  plea-ant  and  ih.'v  separated  main"  vears 
before  his  death  and  ne\'er  lived  together  after  the  separa- 
tion, lie  had  one  son.  (ieor^'e  lUackl'ord,  bv  his  marriage 
with  Miss  Johnson,  who  was  linelv  educated  bv  his  father 
;md  Li'ave  indications  of  bcconiin^1  a  \vortliv  successor  of  hi> 
father  bill  died  before  reaching  manhood,  -lud^'e  I^lackfoi'd 
at  the  time  of  hi-  d'ath  \vas  very  wealthy  and  owned  much 
\aluable  re;il  estate  in  the  busines-  center  of  Indianapolis. 


This  learned  man  and  able  lawyer  came  to  Yiiieenncs  so m 
after  th;>  organixat  ion  of  the  state  government.  lie  was 
elected  President  .liidgeof  the  Kitox  Circuit  Court  and  dur- 
ing hi-  lerm  pre-nled  during  the  trial  of  Thoina.-  Mdvimiex 
for  the  murder  of  .lame.-  P>ovd.  and  during  the  trial  ol:  Wi'l- 

lam    ('ox.   a    colored    man.    lor  cominii  I  IIIL;'  a    ra| n   a     Mi-- 

Smith.  Pxith  were  convicted  oj;  the  charges,  against  them  and 
were  sentenced  to  be  hung  and  were  accordinglv  executed. 
McKimiev  on  the  "?'.'''  of  Uctober.  bs'''J.  and  Cox  on  April  '.'. 

1'^'vl.       1  hese   were   the   onlv    iierson-   ever   executed    in    Kn.ov 

i 


i-i'iintv  in  accordance  \\nli  the  -i-nteiiri'  of  a  eniirt  until  the 
execution  of  Sylvester  (iruiih  in  April.  1>^'J.  Judp'e  ('all 
Was  elected  to  ('mi^Ti  —  frolll  llli-  di-lriet  OViT  Tlloma-  II. 
1'dake  in  1>"J-1.  He  ua.-  iicvcr  married,  hut  at  the  time  of  hi- 
di'Mlh.  wa-  eii^'M^ed  IM  M  i>-  l-'.lleii  l\L:an.  a  ladv  residing  in 

LeMll^'toll.      Kelilllekv.          He      Welli      ih'Te      for      the     pUfpo-e     of 

iieimr    married    in    !>•.'•".       He    die.1,    very    -nddenlv    hefore    the 
fd    and    it    \va-   iTt'iierallv   -upim-eil     h. 


\V.\I.I.KK  TAVI.i  >\i. 
He     \\;|-     ;|     !l;lll\e       o  i'       Lll  lll'lll  HTtT       ^'olllllV.       VI  I'JJflll  jil.          HI- 

studied  |;i\v  ;ind  eMiii'1  here  in  territori;il  dnvs  to  prju-lii-c  ld- 
]iroj'e»ioii.  He  rii-c  nniidly  in  puiilie  est iiiialiitu  and  \\a- 

eleeted    .Illd-V    of    tile    Colllinoil     1'lea-    Court.       When     tile    -tate 

\\'a-  admitled  into  the  I  nion  in  1>lii.  In-  was  elected  one  .if 
the  I'niied  State-  Senators  a-  the  colleague  of  James  Ni>lde. 

11  •    look    hi-    -eat     ill    tile    Senate    of    tile     ['idled    State>.    heeeill- 

ln-r  r.Mli.  1^1(''.  and  dre\\  the  IITIII  'ApirniL;  March  1th.  iSl'.i. 
He  \VM.-  tin-  lir-;  and  milv  1  inted  State-  SeiiMtnr  eleeted  whu 
ri'-ided  here  wl'.cii  'l"ctcd.  II.'  died  at  hi-  mother'-  lion-e  in 

!.     nellhel'L;'    Ci'lltllV.     \irullllM.    Al'^li-I     "Jii.     l^'.'ii. 
TIM  P.M. \S   ItANlHil.l'H. 

lie    v.a-   ;i    native  of    \  ir.u'inia    and    a    hlood    relation    of    ih. 
•  •    '    u-aled   John    l.'andolph   of    h'oan.ok''.   ,-iinl   al-o  of   'rhonia- 

.1,    |Ter-"l    .    '  ;;"    author    of    |h  •     I  >eehiral  in|      of    1  lldepelldellee.     I  |, 

\\n-   a    la\\'\'e]'  of  -uperior   aoililv.   ;i    line   -ehohir  and    foiviUe 

!•!•.      II"  \\a-  I!H'  1'nited   Stale-  .\!toriie\    fur  iln-   i»i>!riel 

of   Indiana       I  i:    I  S|i!>  h"  \\  n-  M  e;indida!i'   for  del  'Liat'1  in   (  '«:•- 

•j  }••  --      :    an  -i     .loDMlhaii    Ji'ii  ii  i  ir_:'-.       I'd'ini;'    ;i     \  ir^'inian     li\ 

•  •  • .      •  ••  .  •         «i     ( in\ .      I  la rri-"ii.    \\  li-i    \\'M- 

:    II'  >\\  I!     to     he     I'M  \  .  i|'M  hie     |i  .     the     -U-pell-joll     of     |  he    i  i|  it'l'a  i  |.  ,<       n\ 

!'n-  n       !  1  v ',  .      f"!'hidd  i  IIL:      -ia\  i  T\      \"r    a     li'i'iu      o| 

••-.hi      >  a-   i        •  .  '  •  -n       M  :     Jem     n--   In   lir 


DISTINGUISHED   I'KKSOXNKL.  I'.M 

secret Iv  in  favor  of  slavery.  .Mr.  Randolph  denied  tlii>  chari: • 
and  challenged  Dr.  McXaniec,  an  ardent  supporter  of  -Jen- 
nings, who  circulated  the  charge,  to  light  a  dud.  Hut  Mc- 
.Xaniee  refused  to  accept  the  challenge.  A  paper  was  stalled 
here  to  dppose  .Randolph  and  assist  in  the  election  of  -Jen- 
nings. '1'he  contest  \vas  verv  hitter  and  resulted  in  the  defeat 
of  Mr.  Randolph  !»v  a  majority  of  l-">  votes. 

KI)\V.\KD   A.  HAXNKOAN. 

II,'  was  horn  in  1  he  State  of  Ohio,  hi  early  li  IV  lie  removed 
to  Lexington.  Keiituckv.  lie  studied  law  and  came  here  and 
commenced  his  hrilliani  career.  lie  was  married  here  In 
Re\.  Samuel  R.  Alexander,  on  April  1th.  IS'J'.i.  to  Miss  Mar- 
garet' ( '.  I>',incan.  After  practicing  his  profession  here  for 
several  vears  he  removed  to  Cnvingtoii,  Indiana.  He  \va> 
elected  to  ill-  '>'}(]  ami  '.Mih  Congresses  from  his  district.  In 
1S4:>  he  \\-as  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  I  nited  States  to 
succeed  Oliver  II.  Smith,  and  served  one  full  term  of  six  years 
in  that  l>odv.  lie  wa>  regarded  as  the  most  eloquent  meinlier  of 
(lie  Senate  during  hi>  service.  II.'  delivered  an  exiempure 
eulogv  on  the  death  of  llenrv  ('lav.  the  "(livat  Commoner." 
which  was  regardeil  h\-  the  counti'v  as  a  master  performance, 
huring  the  presidential  election  of  is  I  I.  the  Democratic 
parly  declared  in  favor  of  lixing  i  he  Oregon  hoiindarv  line  a! 
,"i-l  degrees,  in  minutes  or  light.  l)iit  after  the  election 
Mr.  Polk  yielded  to  the  demands  of  (ireai  Hritain  and  the 
boundary  line  wa>  iixed  ai  l!>  degrees.  l'"or  ihis  concession 
Mr.  Ilaiinegan  denounced  the  I'resideni  in  a  speech  of  ^reai 
|)ower  on  llie  lloor  of  the  Senate  ill  tile  course  of  which  he 
used  the  memorable  expression,  "liv  this  aci  of  pcrlid\  the 
['resident  has  sunk  himself  so  low  in  popular  estimation  that 
the  hand  of  resurrection  would  never  reach  him."  Afier  ihe 
clo-e  of  his  senatorial  career  he  left  the  stale  and  located  at 
Si.  Louis  !o  practice  his  profession.  Hut  soon  after  lie  died 


-AM  l    KI.  .M    DAM. 

I!,.  \va>  iiorn   in   ihe  Cil\   of  New   York   in    lil'S.      II, •  i-a 

lo   Indiana   and    lir-i    located   ai    Mernm    in    Sullivan   Couniv. 


MILD  eanie  hriv  and    loeaied  ;i!n!    ivmaiiied   linv   iiniil 

ili-  dealll.  llr  \va>  iv-'ardrd  as  O]ic  of  |||,.  allies!  lawyer-  in 
liic  Mali'.  lli~  I''1]  'ill  ;i  I  inn  \\a-  n»|  eoiiiinei]  in  the  linii|>  of 
ili'  -lair.  !!'•  \v;i.-  freiniriil  I  v  i'iiiplo\  cd  in  iniiiorlani  t-;i.-c>  in 


•    .-I1  MJiti-.       Ill  '        '    hiTr  In-  \\;is  '--inpl'ivi-il   mi   Hlir   -idr 

II,     ..;i-    i  .  •   .-1    rf  co  M  -,.|    .  M    ,],,  ,.,]     ,     ill,     Vii  ,-,  mi—    I'ui- 
rr     111   I  In'  IMII^  in;,  I    i,  •!  I  i  on-  liliua'ion   -(irin^  IIL;    t'l'nii,    I  In1 

-;  a !  l  i'i:i  ]  p|  "I   l  In'  Indiana    I  .,••.:  i-'a  HI  r.    io  ,  :i-j  x/\  \ ,    i  In     \  in- 

!•-    I  '  'i  i  \  ,-i--i  i  ••    n|'   ih,.  -T;I  111    nl    lain!-    mad*'  to   1 1    li\    l  'oii- 

L:)I'-~.      \\  hi'ii    ill,-    i -a. -!•    \\a-    in    llii     -i;ii,.   mi  in-.    \lr.    .ludah 

n't'oi'i'    a  n    ii  n  frii'iid  I '     l  n  i  111  na  1    and    1  In-    dn-i-i,  MI-     \\ITI- 

-  - '     ii  i  in.       1'iin    '      '    , !  ;  -,-i  ,i:  ;•;;  -,•,  I    i  i\    1  Iir   ad\  ,T-i  'lie 

'      i       -lair     i-ol]  |'l  .         •          irr-r\    •  |'rd     a  lid     a  |i|ira  Ird     |o     1  ||r 


DisTiNor ISIIKD   PKKSONNKI..  I'.1:; 

1'u!  and  linallv  prevented  the  state  from  diverting  the  land 
grants  for  the  benefit  of  the  Indiana  l/nivei'sit  v.  Mr.  .ludah 
married  Harriet  Brandon,  n  daughter  of  Alexander  Brandon. 
and  three  sons  and  three  daughters  wen1  the  fruit  of  this 
marriage.  Of  the  daughters,  Airs.  Alice  (Mark  alone  survives. 
The  three  sons  are  living.  John  M.  .ludah  is  a  leading  at- 
torney of  Indianapolis.  Xohle  .ludah  occupies  a  prominent 
position  at  th.1  bar  and  in  political  circles  in  Chicago.  Sam- 
uel I?,  .ludah  resides  in  Yine-eimes  and  is  the  Deputy  Revenue 
Collector  of  this,  district  and  collects  monthly  about  a  quarter 
million  dollars  of  internal  revenue.  Mr.  .ludah  died  at  Yin- 
(•:•  lines,  April  2-L  lsii!i.  and  was  buried  in  the  citv  cemetery. 


II<-  was  born  in  New  England,  lie  came  here  and  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law.  He  secured  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice  and  accumulated  a  large,1  estate,  lie  was  for  nianv 
years  President  of  the  P>oa  rd  of  Trustees  of  the  Borough  of 
\incennes.  He  was  an  active  promoter  in  orgam/mg  the 
\Vabash  .\a\igatioi!  ('oiupanv  and  in  building  the  lock  and 
dam  at  ihe  grand  rapids  of  the  \Vahash  River.  He  was  one 
of  the  IK.TSOHS  who  advocated  the  building  of  the  Ohio  ami 
Mississippi  Railroad  connecting  the  Ohio  and  XTississppi 
River-  bv  a  railroad  extending  from  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
through  \  niceinies  to  St.  Louis.  He  was  instrumental  in 
procuring  a  charter  from  the  States  of  Ohio.  Indiana  and 
Illinoi-.  in  author!/.-  the  build  in;.:  of  the  road.  lie  was 
elected  the  jii's)  president  of  the  corporation  formed  to  build 
it  and  was  re-elected  several  times.  The  mad  was  linallv 
biu!t  a;~,d  in  irreal  part  through  his  active  support.  11  •  was 
elected  Probate  .hidim  of  knox  Cotinty  and  also  a  Stale  Sen- 
ator from  Knox  Coimtv.  After  an  active1  life  and  ike  ac- 
ilation  of  a  larire  estate1,  lie  died  in  this  cilv  in  October. 
1  in  einba rrassed  circumstances. 


194 

,li  -NATHAN    I'  >TY. 

!  [  i  •  u  a-  I  »  i  I'll  111  Si  mil  TV  illr.  N  e\\  .IIT.TV.  and  \\  a-  ;i  L:T;II  hi  - 
ate  of  I'ri'iceion  (  'olle^e.  I  !  •  ran  ic  10  \  im-eime-  \\  lim  a  \  ery 
VIIUIIL:'  in;in  Inn  nniM  li;i\r  had  u'innin^  and  attractive  man- 
ner- n-  he  \v-i-  elected  -  .....  i  iiftrr.  and  iiivame  l're>ideiit  Jndue 
if  K  n<>\  Circuit  Court.  I'-ui  Ir-  did.  not  hold  the  po-hion 
ver\  lipiii;-  a-  lie  died  d  urn  in'  hi-  lenn.  |-'eliruar\  ''''.  l^'.'V. 


lie   came    in    \  iiit-einie-    dui'iiiu'   i  ei'ri  1  1  >  p  i  a  1    da\'-   and    cnni- 
nieneed    In-   active   iiii-ine--    life    IK.-  IT.      II  •    ua-   a    lawyer    l>\ 

'e-.-iilll.  He      Was      elected       I'l'e-idelll      -Illd-V      (if      llle      KllM\ 

('ii'cilit  Court  in  IM*.  He  \\'a~  a  \"|IHL:'  man  \\dien  li  •  canie 
here  and  inai'i'iei]  Theroa  I'unvea.  a  dauu'htcr  of  one  M)  \\\, 
old  re-idem  Kreiieli  families  of  V'mcemie-.  Tlie  family  r  •- 
-ided  "ii  ilie  corner  of  Main  and  Sixth  streets,  where  ilu- 
!'re-li\  ii'i'ian  i  >a  r-ona^e  now  Maud.-.  'I'll:1  father  and  inoi 
i~  wife  li\ed  i"  an  advanced  a^e.  lieiiiL:  o\er  niiietv  \eai> 


di-i  riei  iii   1  >'.'  !  .  i.nl  di  M!  i  luring  In-  lenn  of  oil  ice.   \\'heii 

-11  Coiinl\    \\a-  or-ani/.-d  in    IN1">.  .Ind^e   Prince  removed 

there   with   In-    I'annlv   and   "  I'rineeion."   the  couiitv    -cai    \\a- 

n    hi-  honor.      He   lefi    -ur\  iviiii:'  him.   iwo   daughter-. 

on.    of    whom    married    Sainiie]    Hal!,   om-e    I  j  •iiteiia  nl  -(  io\  .T- 

nor   of    Indiana,   and    after\\ard-    1'rc-idciii    of    the    Kvai:-\;l|e 

'I'erre    Haute    IJailroad.       \fan\     "i'    i;:-    ilesceiiilaiit-    a  i'< 

I'rin.-eion.      He  died   in    !>•.'  I. 


.'iiiie-.      ||e  ua-  IM.I-II   in    I,1,  in  e-.   I'ranee.   Mardi   '.'M.    ]  ;  ]'... 

•  .  •••  '  i  ;  ,i  _e.      1  1  e  -.\  ;i  -•'':••'     eiliii-a'ied  and  I'oi 

•-..•',--,  ,•:   .-;•.'.        •  i     nal  :\  •   coiiiii  r\ 

!  ie|         ie''i  i|'i       •       m.          I  '.II  1          .       I  ;1  I'llei  |      hi-       f,\i  ,,'"':      il 


I ) i  STI N( ;  r  i  s 1 1  K  n   I 'i: RSI  INN  HI.. 


determined  IK  ruler  ilir  ministry  and  lill  up  tin-  ranks  de- 
pleted bv  ill.'  t'urv  of  the  French  Revolution.  Jle  iirrived  al 
!>ait  imore.  Md..  August  in.  lsii!i.  lie  wa-  first  eiiLraired  in 
teach  im:  in  a  -eminarv  in  Baltimore,  Imt  was  soon  transferred 
in  Mt.  St.  Marv's  ('olleire  at  Eiiiniitsburg.  lie  built  up  thi> 
college  and  made  it  oJie  oi'  the  principal  seats  of  learning  in 
ihi-  coimtrv.  a  reputation  it.  still  enjoys.  A\  bile  quietly  eni- 
pldVt  d  at  i  his  college  lie  was.  against  his  wishes,  appointed  tbe 
iir-t  l>i-hop  of  tbe  newly  created  Diocese  oi'  Yincennes.  then 
in  an  impoverished  and  unor^ani/ed  condition,  lie  wa.-  con- 
-eeraied  bv  Bi-hop  Fla^'et  of  Louisville,  at  St.  Louis,  and  in 
rniiipanv  with  Bishops  Fla^vt  and  .I'urcell.  came  here  and 
tool;  possession  of  bis  pauper  diocese,  saying  bis  first  mass  in 
the  unpla-tcred  eatbedral  on  November  ~).  .ls;>l.  lie  soon 
gained  the  esieem  id'  the  people  iivnerall v  and  liv  bis  charita- 
ble and  vinuoiis  tlejtortuient,  acquired  the  reputation  of  sanc- 
tity.  He  died  on  the  ^C>ib  of  .lune.  is:!!),  and  his  remain- 
are  eiitomiied  in  the  basement  chapel  oi'  the  cathedral. 

KT.  KEY.  CKLESTINK  KKNK  LA  I'KKNT  <i  I"  IN  KM  KKK  I)K  LA  IIA  1  LAXI>1  KK  K. 

Me  was  the-  second  I>i>hop  of  the  Catholic  Dioci'si^  of  \'in- 
ceimes.  lie  was  born  in  the  'I'own  of  ('ombor^.  France. 
Mav  '?.  Ill's.  The  l-'reiicb  IJe\  olut  ion  was  still  desolating 
!•' ranee  and  the  IJeiirn  of  Terror  was  oxterHiinatin^  the  priot- 
hood.  ]>ein^'  of  nohle  birlb  and  a»ured  of  an  honorable 
career  in  civil  life,  he  determined  to  join  ihe  ministry  and  fill 
up  it-  thinned  rank.-,  lie  wa<  ordained  priest  at  I'ari-  on 
Mav  ?S.  !s •;!.'>.  When  liishop  I'rnie  was  in  France  seeking 
prie-ts  for  bis  diocese,  he  met  him  and  determined  to  accom- 
pany him  to  this  country  and  aid  him  in  the  work  of  Imild- 
in.i;'  up  hi>  diocese.  lie  arrived  al  Yincennes  in  the  fall  of 
Ls:'>ii.  lie  \va>  assigned  to  work  as  parish  priest  al  Yin- 
cennes  and  continued  to  labor  in  ihat  portion  until  ib;1 
diatb  of  lii-hop  I'rutc  Al  ih.it  time  he  was  in  France  solic- 


I'.n; 

_      I'lllld-      fill1     till'     dl'iee-e.          He     \\a-     ;|  j  i|  M  1  1  1  )  1  ,  •,  [     [he     Seciillll 

;>i-h<>p  \vhile  in  Kraiiee  and  svas  cnnst'crated  ,-it  the  ('hapel  nf 
tin-  Sacred  IIi-jn-i  in  I'm1!-.  I  iy  I>i.-hnp  Jaiisnn.  a>.-istcd  liv  ih<- 
Ill-linn-  nf  \  er-a  i  !  le-  .'Hid  Beaiivais.  Sunn  after  hi-  collse- 
i-ralinn.  lit  Marled  !<>r  \  niceniies  and  arrived  heiv  \n\eniher 
1  1.  !>:'.!>.  Mr  had  succeeded  in  cull,.,-!  in-  a  larue  >um  <«f 
iimiicv  in  Kraih-r  \\diidi  hi-  u-rd  in  lini-ln  HL;-  llir  ralhi'dral. 
!!••  \va>  a  man  nf  ld>rra!  idea-  and  ii'mul  jinl^MH-iii  and  t'urc- 
-iu'ht  and  |iriidt'iitlv  purchased  real  olatc  in  all  paii>  nf  \}\c 

dincoc.    \'.!lirll    \va-    nf    -I'lMl     \ailli'    In    llic    rlllll'rll.        lie    riinllll- 

•.i  nroidc  over  llic  diiM-r—  until  1>1>.  \\hrii  li^  I'csi^'iicd 
tiir  sec  and  I'i't  11  niril  tn  Ins  aiu-cslral  Imnii'  in  I-'IMIH-C.  Ili-i1'' 
iii-  lived  in  r  •  1  1  ivmciii  un  In-  c-taic  ai  Triaiidin,  l-'raiu-c.  untd 

lie  died  i>n  MIIV  1.  IsS".'.  He  never  for^nt  the  dincese  nf  \'ili- 
eeinie-  and  everv  veal1  -eiil  li'nin  Ins  privale  mean-  coiisulera- 
iije  -uin-  nf  nm!li'\  In  aid  tile  dincese.  lie  al\va\>  e\pl'e--ed, 
a  \vi.-li  tn  IK-  liiiri'd  in  \  nicennes.  In  accnrdaiice  \viih  tin- 
de-iiv.  hi-  iiephe\v.  l-'.i'ne-i  .  \iidraii.  \veni  In  l'"ranee  and  |im- 

elll'eil  In-  I'einain-.  and  lil'oil^hl  lllelll  In  \  illcelllli'S.  and  nil 
llle  •.'•.'d  nf  Nuveiillier.  !>>"v.  tlle\  \Ve]V  ell!  i  ilnlieil  \\llll  appl'n- 

nnale    IX'li^'i'ill-    -erviee-    in    llle    lia-elll  'ill     rliael    (if    the    eallle- 


I:T.  UKV.  .IAM  i-:s  M.  MAI  KM  K  I>K  1.1  >NI  .  IM  »T.  r  \  i.  A  i>. 
II'-   ua-   ill-   fmirih    r>i-hn|i  nf   Vinceniie-.      lie  \\-a-   liorii  at 
!  .a    S;i  !\  ,  la!    in    llie    I  lim-e-e    nf    \lmii  pelier.    in    i  he    smit  h    nf 

I''  I       II       '.       \n\e|||her      1  .">.      1  >  1   1  .  ||e        \Va  -     l|i>   'elided      f|'ii|||      all 

tm'ile    !'a  MI  1  1  \  .      ||i'  enii  Id    i  race   hi-  anee-i  r\ 
i'ie-.      Ill-   fa  111  1  !  \    \va-   \\  ea  ll  h  v.      lint    I  ie  <\,  . 
I'ia  1   i-nii  r-i  •  and    I'm1  I  hi-   pn  rpn-e   \va-  ediicaled   .1  1 
:he  :-,         •  ,  led   Seminar'    nf  St.  Sulpii  e  at    I'an-.      I  le  lini>lied 
-    •    •  .       -  '    •    •  -    at     i  h  i-     -eiiiina  r\      and    \va-    nrda  i  ned 

-1     •      I  »i-hi  ip   Hi     '•  en   he  \\  a-  nn  a  \  i-i  |   |n    |-  ra  pee.       |  |. 

ei        •  ......  •         \  '  -  i  -Hllia  111'         :  '•:!;•      \\'e-l  . 

:  I  ••   •  .-,  '•,-..    \     ••.  -   a--iL:'iii 


par;>  of  the  diocese,  lie  was  for  some  time  ;U  Chicago,  when 
it  was  a  mere  village,  lie  was  afterward-  ai  Logansport  and 
other  small  missionary  stations  in  the  state,  undergoing  all 
the  hardships  and  privations  incident  to  pioneer  life  in  the 
wilderne--.  He  was  on  the  death  o[  I5ishop  P>a/in.  appointed 
the  fourth  I>ishop  of  Yincenni's  on  ( >ctol»cr  •'!.  184S.  On  the 
1-ilh  of  .Januarv.  'IS  I!',  he  was  consecrated  Hishop  in  St. 
Francis  Xavier  Cathedral  by  !>ishop  Miles  of  Xashville.  and 
Bishop  Spaulding  of  Louisville,  lie  numediatelv  entered  on 
the  discharge  of  his  duties,  lie  soon  gained  the  good  will  of 
all  with  whom  lie  came  in  contact,  and  of  all  denominations. 
He  was  the  ino>t  unassuming  and  approachable  man  that  was 
ever  known  in  \  incomes,  lie  seemed  to  he  as  innocent  as  a 
child  and  always  had  a  pleasant  word  for  anv  one  lie  met. 
He  was  connected  with  the  Diocese  ol'  Y.iiiecnnes  for  41  years. 
1-'!  of  which  he  spent  as  a  inissionarv  priest  in  a  wild  and 
spar-elv  >'ttled  countrv.  and  '.'S  as  head  of  the  diocese.  He 
died  very  suddenly  at  St.  Mary'-.  Academy  near  Terro  .Haute. 
.June  ".'S.  .IS*  i'.  and  his  remains  were  ontombed  in  the  base- 
ment chapel  of  the  cathedral. 


lie  was  the  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  of  this  place, 
who  died  December  :!n.  IS'J).  rTbis  good  and  ivxemplarv  pas- 
tor was.  virtually  the  builder  and  organixer  of  the  Preshv- 
tei'ian  church  and  congregation  in  \  inceniies.  \\\  hi-  pure 
holy  and  e\emplai'\  life  he  endeared  himself  to  all  clashes  of 
jwiiple  and  hi>  death  was  universal  i\  regretted.  \Ve  extract 
from  ihe  \Votcrn  Sun  of  .lanuarv  1"'.  ls^,s.  fi-om  an  oliiiuar\ 
notice  of  tbi>  trulv  good  and  pious  pastor: 

"In  the  death  of  this  \vorthv  and  pious  man  ?ocietv  i- 
bereaved  nf  one  of  it-  most  ii-eful  and  amiaUe  member-. 
J  lie  general  gloom  -spread  o\cr  the  countr\  !  the  numhcr 
laru'er  than  \\'e  have  ever  witnessed  here  on  a  similar  occasion 


win,   a-M-lllMed    I.)    |i;l\     tin     ileeeai-ed    the    l;isl    M>lellll!    [riltlltrof 

their  iv-j>eci  :  liir  tear-  "f  ail'tvi inn  and   lrieml>hi]i  -hed  upmi 

111-    LJT;l\V    HIV    e\  idellee-    Stroll^    ill!'!     rlfJir    nf     tile     Wnrtll     nf    mil' 

i  !cpa  I'tei  !     friclll  I." 

II  KNKY    M.   >IIA\V. 

11''  was  il)'1   pa-tm-  n|'  ilic    Kpi-i-iipal   chuivli    licrc    I'm-  mam 

'Hi-.       In    .-nil!  it  H  MI    in    In-    pa-tnral    dutio    lie    conducted    a 

-ciiiiiiarv    I'm-  ilic  ciliu-atiuii  of   vnimi1;   ladio.      lie  \\;i-  one  nf 

ill'1     lll'i-l    cldllllclll     tllell     \vlln    CVcr    ll\ed     ill     \    illlTlllll'S.        ()ll     tile 

pn-c;i>in]]  of  La I'avi't tc's  vi>ii  in  iln-  countrv  in  l>'>'i.  lie  wa- 
-cli'dcd  I  iv  inc  ein/en-  here  in  -'i  i  to  LI  iii  i -\  i  I  lc  and  deliver  a 
welcome  addi-e»  mi  ihc  i  n-ca-n  ui  n|'  In-  visil  In  lliai  i-itv.  II-1 
\\  Mil  and  ilcliviTi'd  llic  ad drc.~-  u|'  wclcnnic  \\liieli  \va>  |irn- 
niiiiiiced  li\  Lafavcth'  and  llic  many  wlm  heard  il.  in  have 

iieell     llle      lille>I      adill'c~>     delivered      nil      >ll;-li     i  icca>|i  ill-.     aillnllLl' 

the  manv  \\diieii  had  lieeii  dclivrcd  in  diH'erenl  jiari.-  nf  ihe 
eiiunirv.  lie  \va>  clceh  d  in  reurc.-ciii  tin-  di-iriei  in  the 
Senalc  lit'  Indiana.  After  a  loii^  and  hrilliain  career  lien1,  he 
'''•I'TIliilled  In  u'n  In  Te\a-  and  Ineille.  !!'•  started  \\ilh  hi- 
I'ainih  hut  died  nn  ihe  wav  and  hi-  I'ainiK  returned  In  ri1- 


•  'd  a  line  idiicatinn  ;md  \\.-i-  appninted  ,-i  eaplain  in  tin- 
l'>r  !i-h  armv.  iMinnu1  hi-  inilitan  MTV  ice  the  Uallle  of 
\\atefliio  \\a-  I'miLihl  and  hi-  iv^inieii!  w;i-  in  ihe  lhicke-1  of 

the    nattl'-.         lie    r-ee]\ed    a     -C\C1V    \\niilld     illld     Wil-    earned     frnlll 

'la-    field    and    il    was   ihrncjln    he   cmiM    ii"i    rccnvcr.      I'm'    hi- 

•  r   hi  -ti  lied    in   hi-   -nle  and    nui'-"d    him    llirmi^h  a    -ick- 

i--   nl    man'    mnnth-.      After   hi-    fei-i,\  ci-v.   he  determined    I" 

liiiir     e;i  rcer  a  nd  hccnnic  a  mini-ier  nf  i  he  -•(  i-pd. 

!  I  •    '•'-::'•       hi-  enm  m  i--mn    in   ! ;  ••   Hn  i  i-h  a  nn  v  and   weiii    I  ii 

'    '     ^i-n          •  ^  ' .   >  ; ! ; '  '  i     ii     I  ',i  •-.;<'-;  nd  v    I'm-   t  he  m  in  i-- 

MI-:  e,-e]i    -!;i-l  i--;;'      -|  |ld|c-      i|c|'c.          \\(\\      liefn|V 


]!)9 

his  ordinal  ion  was  found  by  Bishop  .P)i'iih'.  then  in  France, 
seeking  priests  for  his  diocese.  He  agreed  to  accompany  him 
and.  caino  here  with,  him  and  \vas  ordained  priest  by  the 
iiishoji.  Man-h  1'^.  is;!",.  He  was  among  the  most  gifted  and 
eloquent  men  who  ever  resided  here.  He  immediately  com- 
menced his  career  as  a  Catholic  priest.  He  accompanied 
the  bishop  on  his  visitation  throughout  the  diocese, 
preaching  everywhere  to  largo  eongragations.  He  was.  first 
-tationed  at:  Madison  and  by  his  exertions,  built  up  St. 
Michael's  church.  .lie  was  afterwards  appointed  Professor 
of  Pie  lies  Lettr-'s  in  Xoire  I)anic  University  and  continued  his 
connection  with  that  universitv  for  several  years,  and  left 
it  in  a  llourishing  condition.  He  was  appointed,  pastor  of 
the  Cathedral  of  Saints  Peter  and  Paul  at  Detroit.  His 
brilliant  career  wa>  iinfortnnatelv  terminated  by  an  accident 
when  on  his  wa\  to  consecrate  a  church  in  the  vicinity  of 
Detroit,  which  resulted  in  his  death.  May  1".  1S-V>.  His  re- 
mains were  interred  in  the  family  lot  of  II.  II.  Klliott,  a 
hanker  of  Detroit,  who  erected  a  line  monument  over  his 
grave,  with  the  coat  of  arms  of  his  I'amilv  inscribed  upon  it. 

KJ.iitr  storx. 

He  wa>  horn  in  .Newark,  XV w  Jersey,  and  learned  the 
printers  trade.  He  came  \\est  and  obtained  employment  on 
the  Kentucky  (iaxette.  published  at  Lexington.  Kentucky,  by 
the  Bradfords.  I IV  remained  with  them  several  years.  Aft- 
'•rwards  he-  went  to  Xashville.  Tennessee,  and  obtained  em- 
ployment there.  lie  there  made  the  acquaintance  of  Andrew 
•  Jackson  and  contracted  a  friendship  which  continued  during 
I  heir  lives.  When  the  Indiana  Territory  was  organized  he 
determined  to  come  io  \  incomes,  the  capital  of  the  terri- 
tory, and  start  a  newspaper.  He  made  all  the  necessary  prep- 
arations Io  start  his  paper,  surmounting  many  difficulties.  He 
linallv  surmounted  them  all  and  issued  the  first  number  oi 
(14) 


-     |i;l  !>«T.    .hl!\      !.     iMl  |.         |  in-    nlli  -r    \\;l-    ilr-l  I'ovril     liV    li]v     m 

iMIll.        !',!!!     )|r    I  III  III-''  !  !;l  Irl  \      \Vr|)I     |n     l\r|]!|lrk\     ;|lli!     |  HI  I'd  l;l -n  i 

•      '       I  .         .\llii     I'll     I  llr      I  I  ll     n|'     .1  1!  i  \  .      I  M  I  1  .     llr     i-.-llni     ;i 

lllU'li'rr     ii|      hi-     [i.-lprl1.         'I   111-      \\J1-       tllr       iii'-l      |i;||irr     I  HI  li|  1-h    'i  i 

\\ilhil'     ll'r    lililil-    n|'     1  lii!  i;ll!;l.    ;llli|     lllr     lir-|      |i;t|ir|'    |  Ull  il  i-llri  I 

rl'r    III    lilr     \  tifl  h\\  r-1     'i     -I'l'iln;^     -;l\r    llh      "IJIifl'tV     Illlll" 

"I  'l  II'    1  II  M;i  i  I     <  I.T/.rl  |r."     jUl'il  isjlril     ;l  ;      (  '  i  llr  i  |i  ||;1 1  i .     <  )||jo.     ;| 

!'r\\      1 1  |i  illlll-     |i|'r\  lull-.         Tlli-       |iil]lrl'       ill  11-       fi  HI  111  In  I      h;|-     \V  i  1  1 1 

1    ill  Irfni  |i!  lull-.   ,1    culll  illlli-'l    r\i.-|;ll|rr    |n    lllr    |  H'r-rll  :    I  :  ':,     . 


DlSTIXoriSHEI)     I'KK.-oNNKl..  L'Ol 

of     till1      I.OI|L;V     here.         At'lrr     tile     nr^ail  IXill  ion     of     tile     (iratld 

Lull:.;!1  of  Indiana,  lie  \vas  elected  (irand  Master  of  that  lodire. 
lie  often  reijiie-ted  during  life  to  lie  iniri"d  hv  the  .Masonic 
fraternity.  His  death  was  \ei'y  sudden  and  hastened  hy  tlie 
troiilijfs  in  tlie  Doniocratie  j'ai'iv  in  istiu.  which  he  lu-lieved 
would  result  in  the  dissolution  of  the  I  nion  or  a  lon^  and 
h|o(,d\'  war.  .He  died,  in  Ajiril.  Istii).  and  ai-cordino;  to  his 
\\'ishes  was  buried  with  Masonic  orders  in  the  ci',v  ceinelerx. 


John  F.  Bayard. 

laleil  in  the  \arioii>  cani|iaiL;'n>  and  h.ittK's  in  which  ihi 
(irand  Army  took  part.  He  fortunately  passed  through  the 
ordeal  unhurt,  \\lieii  the  Kinpcror  ahdieatcil  in  isio.  he  re- 
siu'ised  his  eoiinnissiou  in  ihe  arin\  ,-ind  recei\'ei|  nn  honoraldi- 
d  ischa  ri:' .-.  He  ihen  deierinined  to  lease  Ij'raiice  ;ind  come  I" 
the  I  nil'-d  Stales.  Hi'  applied  for  nnd  ri'eeived  penuissioi; 
from  the  authorities  to  emigrate.  He  came  to  tin-  countrx 


-el  1  Id  !     1'nl1    iil'ief     perii'd-     Ill     dilT-'IVIll      plaee-.         lie     (ilia  !  i  X 
eaii-e    I<i    \"illeelllle-  ahiilll      1  >'.'l  I.   ;l  11' I     |  UTIIIM  IH'll  I  I  V    1'ieated.         l|. 

ried    her.-.    Marx    Ann     I'miieau     in    1  >•.'."..   and    U'l-ain:1    the 

•i1  nl'  a   lai'Lie   I'annlx'.  -i\  daughter-  and    three  -mi-.        The 

dreii   all    marri.d.      Su-an     married    \|.     A.     1'ilard.    Marx 

i-e  married    I'm-per   Klm-iv.   Adelia    married    Manvlle    I  i. 

La. -mix.   Kleanur   1'.  married   «'harl,-  A.  \Vei-erl.    Marx    \-\\\y.-.\- 

ieth    married    ll'iirx     \".    Smile-   and    Margaret    ('h>tilda    mar- 

riei     I  leiirx    S.   (  'aiitlmrn.      The  I  hive  -mi-  all    hermne   pri>mi 

•    .   '  .       • . ''  :;i  -n  t  ;a  '     -MI    ,    nn-i;.      Sa  m  lie]    \vas   president    nf   i  he 

ai'Li'e-l    liank    in    L\an-\i!le  at     the     lini"   nf   In-   death.      .l<ilm 

l-'raiiei-   \\a-  a   prmnineiii    liank  man   here  until    In-  death   and 

.In-eph    L.    liax'ard    i-    tmxx     pi'e-ideni     uf     ihr     l-'ir-t      Nalimia! 

l '  t    \  i 

.Mr.  .li'lm  I-',  llaxard  \\a-  a  >tiere--ful  hu>iiie.-.-  man  and  left 
a  . !!•'_'•  e-iaie.  M  •  \\a-  an  e\eni[ilar\  and  praeli.-al  ( 'atlmlie. 
lie  i  ii-d  h'eiirnarx  !•"<.  l>.*i.'l.  and  \\a-  luiried  in  1  he  ('allndie 

•i   ':   "1  en  . 


-ludi'e    Muni'e.  a-  he   \\'a-   iainiliarlx    railed.  \\a-   Imni   in    the 

i     •      .it'   Staanl"!].    Virginia,    in    the    \ear    1  1 vx.      lie  i-anr    \<> 

e-  at    a    \e|-\    ,-arlx    a^'e   in    time  in   enli-i    in    the  armx 

;   (ieii.    llarn-iili   rai-e.|    \<>r   the    i  i  piie.-a  \\<  »•   ('ainjia'^n    in 

'  v-  !  I  .   and    uejit    \\  ;  t  h    that   a  mix    and   lunk    na  ri    in    that    l.|«md' 

'  !e.        I  Ie   a  ft   'l'\\  a  l'i  I-     I'et  linied     !n    ill!-     |'laee    and    elll  i-li  (1     ill 

"t!iiian\     and     pcrt'nniif.l     \alualde     -er\  iee-     in    the    l'>]ac'N 
M     •       uar.      After   thai    uar   \\a-  nvri1   he  eunniieiieed    In  re  a- 

•      ili  !H       enlit  I1;!.-)"!1   iif    plllil  ji-    ;|  1|.|     p!'i\  ate    |,|||  Idi  M---.         1  [,  . 

•   '    •    !\  '  "•>    i  i  iii  ni  \   (  '"ii  n    || .  ,!'-.•.  i  Ji  •  'I'.  i\\  n    1 1  ;i  ] !  am!    Si 

•I  :,  "    '    -      Kl  I'-ei  ipa  ]      ehll  fell,     a  lid      i  il      l';|el  .     all      I  lie     pflllei  pa  I      [Ulli- 
el1'     lei       •     I  'hi'   |i  i\\  i     '•'<  •••   I  h  i  rl  x    x  ea  r-. 

1  ! '    .    -i    ' :     •    ni:  l  hat   I  inn-  li  I  li-d  ma  n\    ]  daer-  i  if  i  rii-t  a  nd   pruiit 

er  t        !'•"_'      I  i'     ^  '  I.  a      '     .    -  Tr'i-i  •.  .  Ma  r-ha  I  and 

•    .     I!'  ia  P     "!     I  rii-tee-  i  if   i  hi'    I 'n  iri  MIL;'!).    1  !<•   \\  a- 


di Tied  Judge  of.  the  K  iiu\  Count  v  Probate  Conn  ;iiul  for  man  v 
vears  discharged  the  duties  o|.'  that,  important  position  with 
tidelitv  and  general  satisfaction,  lie  was  a  careful  and  pru- 
dent financier  and  on  account  of  his  peculiar  illness  i'or  ihf 
position,  was  appointed  agent  of  the  Yinceniies  IVranch  of  the 
Siate  Bank  of  Indiana,  which  responsible  position  he  filled 
and  held  with  marked  ability  until  the  charier  of  the  bank 
expired.  \\heii  the  cilv  go\  ei'll  lileiH  \\'as  orgaill/ed  111  1S.V>. 

he  was  elected   lir-t   Mavor  of  the  (-it\-  and   was  re-elect  'd   to 


John  Moore. 

ihe  same  position.  The  citv  wa>  organised  >oon  after  thi 
slate  la\\"  was  pa»ed  providing  for  the  organization  of 
cities,  tt  was  one  of  th'  first  cities  organized  under  thai  law 

an i.l  was  without  a  code  of  ordinances  for  its  government.  Thi- 
lir-t  City  Council  bv  resolution  ri'(|iiire(|  the  citv  attorney  i" 
prepare  and  report  a  code  of  (H'dinances  for  ils  govei'imieni. 
The  wi'iler  wa.-  al  the  time  cilv  alloniev  and  was  (Migaged  for 
a  period  of  two  veai1-  in  drafting  and  reporting  such  a  code 
as  the  ordinances  had  to  be.  drafted  without  anv  iniide  in 
resoi't  lo  as  no  cilv  in  ihe  state  had  al  tin1  time  anv  code,  h 


\la-ii!l     A     ('()..    i-'  'II!  jM'l-i  ML:'    ilcroril  illLi'    i"     ri'mlltvl  inn     nVi'l1    'v'1"1 

aur-  i'l    |irinird   tn;illijr.      lirliii'i'  liif  i'\|iii';il  inn  ''I    hi-  --'mild 
:    a>    Maviir.    In1    \va-   a|>|>mn1ril      li\     I'n-idi-ni     l»iii-li;iii:ni. 

'"-'  MUM  i-r      ;M     \    IllrrmirS.      and     illirillL:'      III-     l"llr    \V;l|>      It-rill 

'li-i-h.-irL:'!11!   lii~  iluiic-  I'niili  t'n!!\   nn-l  -;ui^l';irtnri]\    in  ill.-  ,    i 
/.i-n.-.      A;   tin1  diil   M|    hi-  it-nil  as   jm.-i  niii-ir!1  lie   rdirnl    I 
;ii-l  !\  (•  liii>iii<-s>  ha\  iii.ii'  l'\'  j  triit  It 'lift'.  iinlu>i  rv  ;i  IM  1  <•(•>  <\\<  un\   M.-- 
"'  •>!  ;i    fiirliiin-  r-ulliciciit    I'M1  .'ill   In-  unlit.-.      Mr  \va>  a   nimirl 
_  :i :    i-ii  ixi-ii.  ;i   kiiul   ami  a!V  'i-l  imiair   fa  i  lit-r.      Mr   \va- 
ri1  t  if  ihr  ( 'al!n>!  ir  '  Inii'rli  a  Hi  I   a    ni-iinu-rai    in    |'n|  n  ir>. 
I  !•    din!    I  ),-,•  •iiiiicr  -.':;.    IM;  I.  and   \va>   luirird    in    ill.-  <  'all 
' •:.  •  1 1  T\    "ii   <  'ii  n-l  ma-  da  v. 


I  I.-    \va-   iii >ril       :    1 1 

\'i  l;rr|!  llf.-    a  lid     |'f  I  Iliaill'!!!  I  \      li>ra|rd.         Mr     \\  a-     pl'rn    'drd     IliMV 

-    !ii-ni  lii-i1.    .Inlin.   and    laii'i1    li\    In-    lirntlirr.    \\  illiam    •'. 
T: ••  -i  mill  •!•-   fiirnn    I  I    •      art  iirr-lii  j>  nf  -I .  S.  A    \\".  .1 

\\  •  -  -.    .  ha-    I  In-   d  1-1  iin-1  inn    n|'   a    i-iiin  niiit-d    r\  i-lfii.-r  "!' 

i-a  r-    and    \va-    n.-\  .T  -.- U  in!     i  Ml  1 1    a  fin1   i :  .1 

'  HIT-.      A    ii-r  i    i    drai  Ii  nf  \\  i!  liam  •!.  \\  i-r. 
-    •         M-  i  il'  t  in-  t!  nn.  i  In-  |ia  rl  iii-r-li  i  p  ;    '      r-  \v  MV  a>  ij  n-i .-.  i 
'"''•-    1 1!    .In    'i    and     Sa  mill  I     rr,-n\  n]     i  lin  r    ; » "'i  n  MI 
•   •        •  .      I'.iil   \\"i  Iliain  .' .   V\    -,    :  I-M  r  ma  mi  d   and 

,  '  ,    ••             ii|  .               ll-i\    •     n  Mllr~|  .     lllr 

.,--':                    ,  -        Ilii-rr-l     i       -  '                i -i       a  HI'MILT    II  I-    di          -n-. 

'd  ".     ^.    I        •         \\     -i         -  •--'  -~i  d     L lain 

.  :'  -    a        .             M            '  II'      U  a-    \  r|'  ,,  -  -             •   _    ,-,  ;   ,  ;     \\  ,-,  -     kind 

II       \  a~  a   \  i-rv  a  rdrjii    |  )r| 

;,-,,,        ,     ,.j  i     ••,!,.•      .       U  M  il  |r-        I|,-    \\  M-   ;i    LIT. -a  t    ad  n 


1  MsTiNon-HK!)    I'KKSONNKI..  L'05 

•  if  -lolni  ('.  1'alhoun  ;uii!  warudv  espoused  Ins  vie\vs,  lie  \vas 
not  an  o'lu-e  seeker,  hut  lie  \vas  a|i]><iinU'(l  liv  President  I'olk, 
I! -reiver  iii'  Public  Monies  at  this  place,  \vhich  wa-  the  onlv 
oilicial  po-ition  he  over  held.  Me  wa-  not  a  member  of  anv 
secret  society  or  of  anv  rhuivh.  lUit  his  fainilv  atliliated  \\'iih 
'lie  1  'resi ivterian  church  am!  lie  wa>  al\\'a\'s  readv  to  furnish 


lie   was    horn    ill    the    Slate    of    Massachusetts,       lie    eaiile    to 
\"i  neeniles   ;'.lld    located    permanently    in     lSl<>.       1  le   ellplired    ill 

i lie  caliinet  making  and  undertaking  luisincss  \\'hich  he  coji- 
liniied  nniil  his  death,  lie  \va>  th.e  principal  undertaker  in 
;he  jdace  during  his  life.  Al't.T  his  death  the  husincss  \vas 
>uc(vss!'ully  earrii'd  on  by  hi-  -on.  I-'.,  (i.  (Gardner.  \vho  i-  >till 
hxin.i;'  a!  tiie  ad\aneed  aca'c  of  >-j  vcars.  lie  \olunlari  1  v  re- 
lii'ed  from  busiiii'ss  and  pa>M-d  il>  ^ood  will  to  his  son.  l)e\ter 
tiardnci'.  \\'ho  contiiHtcd  it  alone  for  nianv  vcars  and  last 
year  look  his  son.  (.cor^c  (iardiu'r.  a>  partniM'.  and  thev  are 
-til!  conduct in_ii'  i!ie  -aine  business  ori^'inallv  started  in  ls]i; 
by  Andi-c\\'  (Janlni'r.  '\'\\<-  Inisincss  i>  now  eonductcil  li\-  Dex- 
ter (iardner  ,V  Sun,  wlio  are  the  principal  undertakers  in  the 
citv.  Andrew  (lanlner  \vas  a  model  citi/cn.  lie  \\'a-  fre- 
i|iient!v  called  to  lill  important  nllices  in  the  liorou^'li  of  \  in- 
cennes.  lie  was  no!  an  cilice  s.;'ei\er  and  the  positions  he 
'ibtaiiied  were  fredv  bcsto\\-cd  upon  him.  lie  \\a-  on  one  o  •- 
easion  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Trea-nrer  of  l\no\ 
I'oiintv.  The  politic-  of  ih'  count  v  was  stron^'lv  \\hii:'  at 
ihe  time,  and  thai  party  fearing  the  personal  popularitv  of 
Mr.  (iardner.  nominated  a^'ain.-i  him.  .lame-  .lohnson.  their 
-tron^'esl  man.  The  race  was  exciting  bin  Air.  .Inlnixin  was 
elected  b\  a  very  -mail  majority.  Mr.  Gardner  \vas  a  faith- 
ful member  of  i  he  Met  hod  i-t  churcli.  lie  d  ied  in  the  i-rinu 


NM    II'  »l. AS   >M  nil. 

Mr.  Smith  wa-  one  nf  llir  oldesi    >uccc.-s!'ul   ;iiiil   hi^'hlv   iv- 

-jieeled    1  Hl-i  Ilf--    III  '11    \\dlO  eVer    Vended    ill     \"  inceimeS.        1|,.    \va- 

uf  Smtcli  de-cent,  lie  \\a.-  hum  iii  the  ('ii\  uf  Newark.  New 
.ler.-ey.  Septemher  I!.  !i!Mi.  [  I  i  -  father  li»i  his  life  in  ilv 
Tas^-aic  River  when  M  •  wa-  only  two  years  old.  Me  wa<  thu- 
lliru\vj]  upon  his  "\\  n  re-ource:-.  hiu  lir  set  mil  \viih  an  carn- 
e-t  determination  in  make  hi.-  \vav  i  hruii^li  the  \vnrlil.  In 
1xlo  lie  i-anic  In  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  ami  opmcd  a  tin  sliuji  uii 
l-'unrtli  street.  T\vu  vears  \;\\<T  he  reini'iieil  on  I'mii  ID  !ii~ 
native  city.  In  1s!"  lie  a^ain  came  \\V-i  inirinliii^  to  locate 
in  St.  I.uiiis.  ( )n  hi-  \vav  }\<-  nassed  thun^h  Vinceinies.  After 
remaining'  in  St.  Lmns  a  verv  siinrl  lime  he  determined  tu 
ri'tnrn  lu  A'inceinies  and  pernianeni  1  v  locale  here.  ||, 
o]t"iied  ,i  hardware  store  mi  ilic  cnni.'M1  of  Main  and  Second 
M  reefs  and  afterwards  removed  to  the  lar^'e  hrick  Iniildini: 
\\hich  he  creeled  on  Main  si  reel,  where  lie  continued  to  earn 
ii-iiiess  nnti!  hi-  death  in  conjunct  ion  \\ith  hi-  i  \\'u  son.-. 
.lu'.n  A.  and  Kduan'  M.  Smnh.  hiirniL:'  -e\enteen  vear-  of 
:-  life,  he  cn^M.LTed  in  tradiiiL;1  and  lioaiin^  \«  \e\\  Orli'an-. 
lie  al>o  en-a'.'e,i  m  ];l|,,|  <| >ecu la  1  inn  in  Indiana  and  Illinois, 
travelling  mi  horseliack  ovei-  ihe  \\aha-h  \alle\  m 

la  I      -.     li1!'1      lieejlllle      Wl'dc]  \       !<  l|o\Vl]      ill     I  lie      \\  a  i  ia-ll      \  a  I  1  •  \      Il- 
IS  Lafavetie.      Hi-  liuatinn'  and  trading  ujieratioii-  lu   \e\\ 

I'l'leali-     Were    eundm-ted       mi      nil     eXlensi\e    -cale.     Sollle    y--,ir- 

-ei  d'ni:  a-  main   a-  !'orl\    llallmai-  down  ihe   M  i->i-.-|'|ii   Iliver. 
Me   \va.-   -iridi\    n't'-niive  tu  hi-  u\\  n   hiisiii''-.-  all'air-  and   \va- 

l|e\e|-     telnjited      lu     e  1 1  -'a  ^'e      III        l'uil(ic~       u  C     ;lll\      otllel'     nllt-li|e 

I  "r.-,       \'>\     !ii-    -a^;.'    '  ideilee    he   a  ma.-- ed    a    :a  '•- 

•  ,  ,;"  !,  :    ,      \\  ]  :     •     |eft      tu     hi-     ell  I  Id  fell.         T  \\  u     u  f     111-     -u|l-     ill'e 

-in —  in  ihi-  cit  \  and  t  \\  u  uiher-  hiiih   up  one  uf  the 
iiieni-   i  i     I'erre   I  i  a  iite.      Mr.  Sm  n ' 
-   |iui   ,        .        ier  uf  an  \    i'e|  i^-juii-  -uciei  v.  Inn    \va-  |  <;\  n  nil   l  •• 

!  lie     |  '|-e.  ,  |'i  i  '  '        •  i          II  I'LI'el  V      lu     t  he     -'J  !>- 


DISTINGUISHED  I'I-IHSON-NHI..  I'I.IT 

port  of  that  chun-h.  lie  \\';i-  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  verv 
vigorous  Mini  active  Mild  was  MII  early  riser  Mild  every  dav  until 
a  few  days  before  his  death.  \vas  one  of  the  (list  lo  In-  seen 
on  the  street s  o['  tlie  city.  Notwithstanding  his  extensive 
business  transactions,  he  did  so  without  friction  or  incurring 
tlie  ill  will  of  any  one  with  whom  lie  had  dealings..  MIK!  i'ii- 
joved  tlie  good  will  and  friendship  of  all  the  citizens  of  the 
citv.  lie  \vas  probablv  the  host  known  id'  MIIV  o!'  the  citizens 
of  Yincennes.  1  [e  died  on  Tuesday.  August  1.  1>I1.  Mt'ter 
a  brief  illness  of  onlv  four  davs.  As  a  testimony  of  his  stand- 
ing and  appreciation  amonv;  his  friends  and  neighbors,  his 
remain-'  were  followed  to  the  gra\e  hv  an  iinniense  coiicourse 
of  citizens. 


Ill     \   I  llcell  lie-     III 

Ksii.  lie  \\-a-  raised  in  A'incennes  and  spoke  Frendi  llu- 
entlv.  lie  \vas  a  farmer  and  stock  raistM1  and  \vas  very  snc- 
(H'ssfiil  and  accumulated  a  largi!  estate.  I  [is  brother.  I>ar- 
nieiias  T>eckes.  was  ShentV  of  the  count  v  in  !>!:!.  and  was 
killed  in  a  duel  \vith  Dr.  Md>\Mril  Skull.  lieiijamiii  V. 
Uecki's  VMS  appointed  to  lill  out  ihe  Balance  of  his  term  and 
\va-  twice  n '-elected  to  the  same  oMice.  lie  \vas  hra\e  lo  a 
fault  and  commanded  troops  in  the  Indian  wars  in  ibis  pari 
of  the  eoiintrv.  lie  \\MS  ea|Main  of  a  companv  in  the  Bhu-k 
Ilaxvk  \\ar.  He  also  commanded  a  companv  at  tin*  battle  of 
Tinpeeanoe.  lie  \vas  kind  ami  generous  to  hi>  friend-,  lie 
never  forgot  a  friend  or  forgave  an  enemy,  lie  serxed  in  the 
Slate  Legislature  several  terms.  I IV  was  a  Democrat  in  poli- 
ties and  look"  a  dee])  interest  in  all  political  matters.  I  [e  was 
a  member  of  the  Catholic  church  at  his  dealh  and  wa-  buried 
in  tb"  ( 'aihol ic  cemetery. 

(,  K.olJi;  K   K.  (iRKKXK. 

Me  was   bom    in    l»ardstown.    Lveniuckv.  .lul\    1'j.    l>"^fi.   of 
Irish   parentage.      lie  learned   the  printers  trade  and    in    lv.';! 


..    -    -  mjiliivcil    ill    llir  nllifi-   "i'    the    1 .1  in  i-\  i  i !,-  .1 1  Hi  rna  I.      t  ht-ii 

nil, I-,    -I.'-.!      h\       ill,-     n-l.-hfatnl      l.im-V       |l.       IVllti.V.  II,-        IV- 

I  i  1    tin-    l'a  i  I    nl     1  >  "'ii.   win  •!  i    hi-   ra  mi-    hriv  a  in  I 

:;;-.''!    lln-    \\Y-tiTii    Sim    nr\\  >|i;i|nT.      Thai     pai't-r    \\ln-n 

iiifrha-i-il    n    \\a~   i-iiiifi-1'    fun    iln\\n.   am!    il-   |uihlicai  imi 

-    -in'inli-il.      Mi-,   i  i  f.-i'iit-  -'  inn   i't->ii  ffi-i-u-d    ii    a  in!    madr   ii    mic 

- '- 1    inllin-nl  ial    ha  jn-f-   in   lln-  -lai<-.      \\  In-n   IP-    ra  me 

'    •       .  '  '  -  •-   \\  i  •'•.  •  a  '"ii  i    n  ;iia  1 1  \    ii  i  \  ii  In  1    in    1 1,  il  1 1  ii--.      Hni 

'Mr.    liffi-m-   luiik    iln-    li-,iil   ami    mamiut-nn-iil    nf   |iari\    ail'aif-. 

,l 


\  thai  ill-'  I  ><'itm.Tal  n-  pan  \-  -nun  had  a  iiiaj^fil  \  "\  1  '.'no 
in  ill'-  i-'Hiniv.  IIi-  \\;i~  a  inaii'iii't  ii-  man  ainl  allfarh-d  in  him 

u-f-i  i;i~  \\l\\\  \vliiini  In-  i  a  IIH-  in  i -I  ml  act.  1 1 «-  u';i.~  a  |I|H  ii  nu-il 
liV'_  i~l  fa  f  ill'  I  IK-  I  .a  in'  (  »! }  i'-i-  li-  -fi-  a  in  1  ivma  i  iinl  in  ntlirr  until 

fi-ciifii-   \\-i-i-  d,-~i  f.  ,\ ,-. ;    li\    life   in    April.    Isiin.      Mi-   \vas 

•    Ict-li-i!    h\     ihr    I  .••lli-lat  life    nllr    ill'    lllr    ilifrrliif-    <if    llli'     llliliail.l 

>l  •  N-   I  'fi~i  in  a  !   -I '  ii'i  r-i '(  .   ! '-  if  a   ii-fiii  "f   |'i  MI  i'   \  i  -;i  r-.        I  n 

I  ""'''It    llr    Ua-     -li-rlni     \|;|\M|'  nf    ill,.    (  'Jl  \     ,if    \"illrrll|lr>.        ||r    \\;IS 

i".  -ni'ial  man  ami  a  u'l'lmnn-  iriii--l  ai  all  -n-.-ial  fum-l  imi-. 
I!'-  \\"a-  a  mi-mhi-f  <>!  llh-  (  alhnlh-  cliiifrli  ami  \\a~  hiifin!  in 
'  ,-  (  ill, i  ,-,  m.-i.-f,.  1 1,-  di  .(|  (  i.-j.ilM-f  }'^.  l>;n. 


i  •!    •     i       \      Hi  -i  -!1  !!'•-.        I  I  >'    \\  a-   hi  iDI      i  i  \    I  MI  -i    1 1  Hi '-    '  '11    I  hi1    I  ••!  It 

i  ,l'     \  •  >'•         1  ^i  1:1.       Mi-    ''a  '  hi-f.    iji  liii-fl    I  i.    \Val-iin.    \\  a-    'if 

>i  -i  il  ci  i  i  'i  '~i-i  -:i  1    a  la     \'.  a-  a    l  ifi  iln  i  in  -M  I  '                           'a.i  !rf 

.  •'    \     '     •                     I  Ii-   m<  il  h>T.   (  i  -  in"  ;:  •  .  i  •  \\  a  I  -nil.   \\  a-   i  ii  •-'-  inli'i  I 

'     i     1 1 ji  |t-~i     !'  ft  IP    '     fa  n:  i  -.    \\  IP  i    i'a  IIP-    Ih-ft       ;i- 

'.  -           Mr.    \\"a  i  -nil   f.-ci     ,  i'i  '            lt-i     n        al  HMial 

;:  1!  1,1  L'I.-             M|-               '      .            '             a  ('if  I1  '                 -I  lit 

•   1 1           ,,,,,',,,            I  •    i  111-  I  II  I 


ami  learned  the  tailors  trade,  lie  soon  returned  to  his  native 
!d\vn  to  follow  hi-  track',  hut  in  ]^'.'>'t  lie  returned  to  St.  I.oui-. 
hul  in  1s-!',.'  IT!  unii'tl  In  \  mccnne-  and  h;is  rcsidrd  here  ever 
-incc.  He  worked  at  hi-  trade  in  partnership  with  the  laic 
S.-inuic!  \l.  Dunn  until  isl'.i.  when  he  was  appointed  hy  1're-i- 
ilenl  Tavlor.  postmaster  ai  \  iiiceime.-.  lie  continued  in  tlii- 
ollice  until  is."):',.  He  then  was  appoi  ntcd  Collector  of  Toll- 
nt"  the  \\';diasli  Navipu  ion  Companv  at  the  lock  and  dam  of 
ihe  \Vaha>h  River,  at  the  Lrrand  rapid-,  lie  then  served  for 
a  >horl  time  as  the  conductor  of  a  passenger  irain  on  the 
Kvansville  and  f'rawfordsville  Railroad,  now  known  as  the 
K\  an-\  i  I  Ic  and  Terrc  Haute  Railroad.  He  was  souii  ])ro- 
nioted  and  appointeil  a^'eni  of  the  railroad  al  Vim-Mines.  He 
also  a!  the  same  time  carried  on  a  lumher  yard  in  partnership 
\viih  ihe  late  ('harle>  I 'awes.  In  !S.",!i  he  was  appointed  pav- 
masii-r  and  siipplv  a^'cnl  of  ihe  Ohio  and  \Fississippi  Rail- 
I'oad.  whieli  h-  resigned  in  1>11.  in  lake  an  active  part  in  the 
hotel  business  in  part  n.-r-hip  \vilh  the  late  I-aac  Ma»  and 
wiih  him  esta'tlislied  ihe  1  nimi  Depot  Hold  which 
!iii-inc~-  he  still  carries  on  in  partnership  with  his 
-on.  Kdward  \\alson.  Mr.  \\alxm  h\-  an  energetic' 
and  prudi'in  hii-ine-s  caiver,  has  acciimulaleil  a  laru'e 
j'oriunc  unlil  he  is  now  reputed  as  one  of  the 
wealthiest  men  in  \  incelllies.  11>  i-  a  memher  of  ihe 
Roman  Catholic  church  and  in  polities  i-  a  Democrat.  He 
was  married  Novemhcr  ii.  l.vlv.  io  Lvdia  I-'i'llo\\>.  a  dami'liicr 
of  Capi;iin  \\'illis  Fellous.  To  ihi-  union  twelve  children 
vv'i'i'i1  horn,  lour  sons  anil  two  danu'hU'i's  arc  \-(.|  livinir.  Mi'. 
^\a!r-iin  ai  hi-  advanced  ae.'e  -till  -ur\i\c-  and  continues  io 
ad  as  a  direetoi1  of  the  l-'ir-i  National  Hank  of  Viiiremics. 
"iii1  of  ihe  ]ar::v-i  hanking  instillltions  in  ihe  eitv. 


-'  sva-    mn 
-on  iif  John    U 

atrd   ai 
II'-  Iri't   \  nici- 
nmvi'd  i"  Sis-i 
Jr.  -•  ih  i  iic  (  i  iv 


in  Viiuv  .....  ',-  on  April  IV.  l>u|.  |[r  \va-  tin 
v  Jonrs.  \vlio  \\a-  ,-i  native  of  \Vah-s.  ||i>  \va- 
;i  n-\  1  \  ,-,  ii  ia  I  i!  i  \  rr-i  i  \  .  I  .i-xiiiLi'lon.  Kentucky 
ifs  and  lirsi  wmi  to  \ii~Minri.  Inn  in  l>"2i.  In 
-ua  Mminil.  \\'i-con>in.  In  \-'!'.*  !u-  in-irrin 
'i  iv  of  Si  .  (  i.'lirv  it-\  c.  M  i>~olll'i.  I  Ir  >i'l'\  I'd  il 


ill.'    ['lack    I  law!-    \varon   (Jo\.    I  )od-v"~  >ta  IT.      In    1  s:!."i  h.'  \va- 

air  to  ( 'on^i'o.-  from   Michigan,  and   rc-flcctfil    in 

1^.'!'.        In    1^'n   In-    \\a-   a  |i|io!iil"d    Sui^i-voi1   (iriirral    at     I'n- 

In    i^!>    I,'-    \\a-   I'li'i-trd    i"   llii'    I   iiilrd    Sialr-   Sciiat' 

•    |o\\  a.  holding  !  hr  IMO'M  ion  <-|i-\i  n  \-i-ai>.      I  n   1  ^-'i'1  In-  v\  a- 

\1          -ti'i     |o     l>i  i^'ll  a.        I  !••    d  Ii  d     a  I      I  Mdillipli'.     I  .  i\\  :,. 

J         •.'•.'.   l^'.'f,.  and  \\  a-  l-uricd   in   Mi.  n|  i\  ci  ,  rinctri^  . 


i  in   an    A  in'  n  on    I  hr  m-i  ;m   mi   hi-   \va\    to   I 

•  "    .      i int  a  ft'-i       i-  i'r;  nal     ra      at  imi  |ia]icrs  lakri 

•     \!  a  |-          i         •  : '.      '        i  iiv.    \VI-P      follln 


I)i>TiNi;risiii-;i>  PKKSONNKI..  211 

administrator.  Hi-  rich  Irish  brogue  detected  his  anecstrv. 
In  ilic  heated  political  contest  of  .18  M,  his  vole  was  chal- 
lenged and  he  was  called  upou  to  produce  his  naturalization 
papers.  This  In.-  refused  to  do  claiming  to  he  an  . \nieriean 
citi/en.  'i'his  challenge  came  near  producing  a  riot  which 
wa>  only  prevented  by  the  challenge  being  withdrawn,  lie 
came  to  Yinceniies  very  rich  and  engaged,  in  merchandizing. 
Hut  possessing  ;i  diamond  mind  and  line  education,  lie  >oon 
drifted  into  politics,  lie  was  a  tluent  and  versatile  speaker. 
!!e  \vas.  elected  to  many  positions  under  the  borough.  1  h> 
was  also  frequently  elected  a  member  of  the  Senate  and 
House  oL'  the  Indiana  Legislature.  He  was  also  elected  to 
Congress  I'oi-  two  terms  from  this  district.  Hoing  a  readv 
speaker  his  serviced  were  in  constant  demand  during  the 
'•ampaigiis  of  is  10  and  IS-il.  and  he  made  a  speech  almost 
every  day  in  some  part  of  Indiana  or  .Illinois,  lie  was  of  a 
verv  excitable  disposition  which  prevented  him  accomplish- 
ing the  good  his  talents  would  otherwise  have  enabled  him  to 
do.  Mr.  Kwing  before  his  death  had  gotten  awav  with  all  his 
estate  and  in  his  last  days  was  an  object  of  charity,  lie 
never  married  and  li\ed  a  lonelv  life.  He  died  April  li.  18-~>s. 
and  was  buried  in  the  citv  cemetery  in  a  lot  1>\  himself  and 
thus  sleep-  his  hist  sleep  as  solitarv  as  he  lived. 


11  •  studied  law  and  commenced  the  practice  at  Ml.  Pleasant. 
then  the  countv  seat  of  Martin  Countv.  lie  was  elected  from 
Martin  Coiiuiv  in  the  Stale  Legislature  and  also  to  the  Sen- 
ale  of  Indiana.  He  declined  a  re-election  to  the  Senate.  .In 
1  s.~i  1  he  wa>  appointed  dudye  of  ihe  Judicial  Circiiu  ('OUIM 
in  which  Kno\  Countv  was  situatcil  and  came  here  to  reside. 
While  Mill  on  the  bench  of  th"  Circuit  Court  he  was  noini- 
naied  liv  the  I  )cnn,crals  for  Congre.-s  and  was  elected  without 


-li  '"11.        I  !  •'   U  a-    fe-e     vleii    ;|     Illi     :      HT   of    (  'i  itlijTe-S   hv    lai'i:  ' 

.    ••    •  •,    -        Mi]       ll  I-    -e|'\  lee  (  'i  I      _"'•--    \VJIS     I  <  lUlMerl! 

i  .    "-          11.-     U  ,!-    a!-M    .    '••     '   MI     in      1  Mi'j    ;|     melllhel'    I  .  f     the     I  Io||-e 

M]      1,'epn  -elllal       i-       '         1  he       I  l!ili;l!!;l       I  .eili.-hlt  II  IV.         A  fl'T     hl- 

_  "•   --  ;        i-;i  !'i  ••  -|'    ll'1    U  a-    Hi  ilnl  1);|  In  i     111     1  v  "  li    a-    1  he     |  )  Mllo- 

'  ;lle     I'M!'    ,1  Hi  ;;_;v    of    !  li"    S||]  HVHIe    I  'oil  TI     of    I  II'  !  ia  II:! 


•elei!     ;|||,]      i;i!!-       ~er\e<]     'ill      lllill        e\;||lei|        I  I'i  i  ill  I  Ul  I      I  \\el\e 

M<      \\  ;l-    ;l    e;|  IH  !  iii.lle    l'i  i|-    I'e-eli  i  1       1  x^  v      •  .:  •     \Vc]  i  ' 

-  |i    •          :  i   ill.-  del',.,  -it   n|'  i  hill    \  e;ir.     Tlii.-  \v;i~  1  In 

!  !'~1  •  i  iej'i  ;|  I     ;l  '     all    e|ee|  |i  i)]     liel  (  i]'e     |  ||  •     j  led]  i|e     ||i      i-Vi'I' 

-I1-!  ;l  !  llei].         All      1  lie     "":•';,'      |iu>il  |ii|l>      He     i  '•  ''"il  |  i'lei  |      >ee||leil      |n 

.  -     •         l'i  •!'.        I  I  ''    W  ;l-    I  he    Illi  i-l    ~lleee-.-|'||l    r;lll<l  i- 

ii      '  '"       '      .....  [lie    I  he    -ill  te    ha  -    eVel1    1  1  1'<  H  1  1  leei  ]  .        A  I'leT    ll  1- 

•    '•       '      ''n|'     Vl    |  1  1''   llle    .'ihl^'e     ill      !»>.     lie     !'e|l|n\eil     In     I  HI  I  i;l  llil  - 

'         -.    ;i-       '      '  ife-eHlei!     ;|     \V|ile]'     lieli  |      fuf     ill"!  U'Jlel  lee    of     hi-     JM'"- 

--;i  i|  !  I  '  •      -MI  i]|       e;l  Ml  '         Illo      ;,         ;l  ''_.         |i|';|i    I  iee       \\  :  :  :  •  •  '         \\  ,i- 

I     ••  I  |  ,     •      •  ,    •  -      |  ;l  I  ""I  |- 


»  '       ;i\\     III     I  v  I   .  .        II  e    I'o-e    r;l  |Hi  I 
I   •    c  •  -  |     '  •     l  !  i  M  1 1 .         |  •  i  1 1  •    1 1 1  M  |  -  •     1  1 1 ;  |  1 1    ;  i    1 1 1 1 ;  I  T 1 1   I '    M 

'  _   ;  •  .     i  i     .,       .      '  i  ".  • "  -•  -    : 
\     IK-.        e-.      i  I      A  a-     I-   lii'-i    hi- 
'        Mfiiinr  !n  ii    ;  i      ni 

.  -    _•  ( 
!\     I.      i     1 1,  in    .      II'     '/,  '  -    1  'i  "-•       tin-     \t  i 

.      K  '    "  I     "'    '    M  <",'-.  l.'eei             i      M         I'M'. 

'  .  i      '       i,  ''  <M  |      -      I  'olll  !|       -       i  llilT      I  ,  i       ii 

'  •       -    •  - -•'.'..'  .  I            Lll'e-- 

\      ,,,.-••  ,  ,       ,  ,.     )•, 


I'Aail-ville   In    look    a  Her    till'    landed    i  11 1  (  T(  '-1  >   of    ;l    brother    \vlln 

resided    in   ( '(iiinrciicin.      liiil   he  always  cherished   a   !<>\v  and 
affection    fur   \  incomes   and    wished    in   U1   buried    here.       Il<- 


John  Law. 

married  Snr.-ih  K  \vinj;'.  a  dauirhter  uf  Nathaniel  Lwini:.  II- 
died  October  t.  1SJ':».  al  L\  a  nsvi  I  le.  Indiana,  and  accord- 
ing jo  his  ivquesi  his  remain?  were  bi-dii^ln  liere  and  Imried 
in  l  he  cit  v  con  ict  CTV. 


lie  \vas  boi'ii  in  La  \\Tciice  Countv,  Indiana.  -lnl\-  '1.  !>•.'>. 
lie  studied  la\\'  and  commenced  ihe  |iraclicc  al  P>edl'<»rd.  In- 
diana. in  IS."):!.  In  iMil  he  removed  in  Vim-eimes  and  in 
part  ncrsln  p  \viih  \e\\ton  !•  .  .Malott  cniiimeiici'(|  the  practice 
he  re.  '1'h  L-  linn  -non  -ecu  red  -,\  \-,\  r^e  ;i  in  I  i  irolita  hie  business,  lii 
iN'n  Mr.  M,  -ili  lit  was  i-lected  .hid.ize  of  the  Kim\  Circuit 
Corn.  The  business  of  tin-  laic  hrm  was  suceessJ'ulIy  con- 

tMllleii     h\      Ml1.     ('((I'll    llllti!      Ls"''.    \\'!lel!     lie    \\"!IS    ''leetcd     to    Coil- 

iTi'ess    from   tin-  district.       lie    \\a-   re-elei-ti-tl    to   Conu'i'e--  b\ 


•  '  .-'I-    !'i  'I1   1 1  I!   i -i  >M-I-  m  i\  >•  \  i 'a  I  -.       IJefmv  he  caiMf 

hen- iu  n-ide  lie  had  l>ffii  L-lffted   |u  the  Slatf  Sfiiaic  uf   In- 

.  IIM    Mild    \\a~   ,i    |  ii'i  'in  i  iiein    and    iiithieiil  tal    iir'inlicr  uf    that 

:'iudv.        AfliT    lie    fiilllf    In  !'e     lie    \VM-    elected     M     llle]||lir|'    uf    tllf 

1  '  ('uiiiiei!  uf  Yiiiec  mif*.  lie  \va.-  al-n  the  hfinoeratie  can- 
'  '  fur  j»iv-idf Ml i;il  eh'etur  MI  ixi>  and  made  a  thuruii^h 
a--  "l  the  di-lriet.  A-  a  ineinlier  uf  ( 'oiiLi'i'fSS  he  \va> 
nnaii  uf  the  ( 'uiiiiiiiiier  mi  I'ulilic  Land-  and  through  hi- 

'•\eriiMn-.  "I  larri-un  I'ai-k"  \\a>  duiniled  h\  rnMirre— .  in  \  in- 
•  '  lie-.  Mr.  ('nlili  died  in  l>!';'i  and  \va.-  luiried  in  the  eii\ 

'    'I'V. 

Till    ':-!  uf  the  iniiniiei1  n|"  di.-t  iiiuui.-hed  men  \\~liu  ha\e  hecii 

\'illef])lli  -    ill    llle    ]ia-l    cuuld    lie     'Mended,    hill 
-     ;  .  •      fi  il'liid. 


I'lJoM  INKNT    Cm/KN>    Sr  I!S  K<  >  T  KN  T    TO    1800. 


UiAJTKlf  XXVI. 

I'AKTIAI,   LIST  OF  PROMINKNT  I'lTI/KNS  sIBSK.Cjr  KNT  TO  It-nn. 

.V  }i;irii;il  list  of  prominent  citizens  of  Yincermes,  subse- 
•  jiient  to  the  year  1800. 

LAWYERS. 

Cyrus  "M.  \llen.  Joseph  (;.  F»o\vnian,  William  W.  Carr,  Will- 
iam A.  Jones.  F.  W.  Viehe.  Jolin  M.  J5oyie.  If.  .\.  Carnaji, 
Robert.  I1'.  Mc(  'onalicv.  John  F5aker.  .Newton  !•".  Malott,  J. 
('.  Denny.  John  11.  Clark.  Jonathan  Keith,  C.  1>.  Kcssinger., 
\Villougliby  \-  House,  \\.  Jl.  \  K.  II.  De\VolL'.  \V.  11.  IVnning- 
lon,  L.  A.  Meyer.  \V.  C.  John-oil.  Samuel  \V.  \\'il  1  iaius.  (..'al- 
\erley  ^  Jiulah.  Jolnison  i!v  11  ill.  FJ.  F.  -Davis.  \Y.  Harrow.,  rlo- 
si-pli  JJandolph.  A.  L.  Llarliin>on.  A.  \V.  McClure,  Cullop  & 
Sha\\\  A.  T.  Cold).  J'hiiison  \-  .MollV:i,  M.  J.  Nihlaek,  \V.  S. 
Hoover,  (.'oultcr  &  ISeekes.  Haughtoii  &  Finison.  If.  L.  lUn-k- 
le>.  li.  (J.  Jieily,  Orestes  I'hilipps.  IL.  S.  Caiitliorn.  Jr.,  15.  AL 
Thomas,  James  S,  L'riteliott,  John  T.  (ioodinan,  J.  1*.  L. 
\\eems.  llai'i'y  Lewis.  C.  .F.  Dailey.  llelil'v  I'"aunt  lel'o\  .  C\"l' 
1'oullet,  Rolicft  <i.  ('authorn.  John  \\'ilhelni,  Cliai'les  (.. 
McCord. 


M.  Smith.   F.   M.  Ueekes,  II.   \V.   Held,   Patrick  Caney,  S.  0. 

l)eai'd.  M  .  (i.  Moore.  Dr.  Anderson.  Norman  F.  J>eeke<.  Jo- 
-eph  Snnn'>.  T.  IF  Maxedon.  (ieorgge  Knap[).  J.  R.  Mante. 
\\'.  \V.  1  1  itt.  J.  S.  Sawver.  U'Connell  Fairlmrsl.  .M.  M.  Me- 
Dn\\  '11.  \\'.  11.  Davenport.  Dr.  Von  Knappe.  If.  15.  Jessup.  Dr. 
Troost,  Dr.  McCoy.  Dr.  Hall.  Dr.  SnuidelF  Dr.  Liran-lop. 
Hiraiit  Decker,  Dr.  Harris.  J.  C.  Buver.  \\".  M.  llindman.  \V. 
15.  if  ii|^-\vav.  Dr.  Stewart,  J.  I*.  Ifam.-ev,  Solnmon  Kathbone. 


.loliii   i'..   M;  rtin.    haviti     Mdlnirv.    Milton    1..    KiUon. 

/.;..'..;,!  :a!l     I'ltllirm.    .J;Hll"'S    S.     MaVl'S.    TiloMUl-     I.Villy.    .losrjill 
\V.iM,ii,i;m.    (irol-V     \V.     MrCoy.     K.     A.     I  ',;! .  •.  'I  |.  T.     K.  1  \V;|  l'i  I     \\Yi- 

-,•!•;.  ,I.K,-jili   Kouvi  .  John  Collins. 

KKAl.   KST ATI     \'.KNT>. 

|;,  i  •;,!•  in    I'.  \Vh.-liT.   IIi-Mn    \V.  Ali'.x.-mil.-r.  II.  -I.   Kmilks. 
\V.  !..  Tr\\ah.  Hainrs  \  SiiiioiiMin.  Julm  Siurk.  .1.  S.  Siiikrr. 


.!..'  11  V.  Smiili.  Kli  H.  Smiili.  Aanm  \Vi.n,l>.  Kiijah  \Vhiiu-n. 
T  i!iia>  -I.  Clark.  Ai\^'iliu-  M»TX.  I1.  I'..  O'Connor.  Thomas 
\1.  l.au.u  .  \\.  II.  Curl-  r.  II.  I',.  K  illvk.-lly. 

I.AMiI.i  i|tl>-. 

IVUT   .lone-.    Mai-';\    Ijai'iirit.   (  hri>iian    ( ii'ai'ici1.     -lolin     ( '. 
'  .  llo         1 1.  C..    '.•.  V    Iliam    llu--r.  ( ii-or-v  \Vi-is.-iiit.M'-<'i-. 

Iv  i\  '  '  ^  .. '  ~":  .  '   •    , '   •  -    \\ '.    !':,• '  -'•'  \ .    I'a  r- 

•i~   Hi     .!•-.  i'a;  m    .   I  >»r;     .   I  i    •  <    in    > •  1  ,,-i  —i     >  .    I  ••'••.:;-  .1 . 
'••.'"    .li id n   K iilii:. 

Ill   '-INI—-  Ml   \ 

•  In  |).         !|;i       .         \\  ;,,,,          \I,.|lilV.         I',     UMl.         I',.    "I    Jll'.l      A        ' 

i;.  i  >,.     -.     T,,I       •  -,,|     A    |;,,>,  .    .l,ij  M    K.    Kiini:  .    II.    D. 

\VI"      •  ;•.   r.nrii      \    l\>'  ii'i-i!.  .1.  S.  A    \\  .  .1.  \\  !-•.  Smith  A   <  ';ir 

!'"--   A     II:.  "•••  ".I'.-:  ;-    •   .    ^    •          •  :•     A    I  '"..    Samih-l     111' 
.    i  '  •>.    KM)!!       .  T    "H    A   Tr  i. •-..«,.(  r  A    (  o.. 

A    i  ,,..     \.    \\  .    \l.,!-r  -.    Li      .    A    I.      •      .    A.lai 

I.  •    i.    M.    I  I.     l.:n    n.       .1        ill'    •   -    (,ra.   I--!',   -in      II    C;,!.|\\.        .    \\ 

li:        -.    -I.     \\   .     \laiiiin     .     Till  ..,!,, |V      Illl-l.-ii:,   .      U;l;lr     .!,,. 

.1.         ".          !'  ••       !      '     !'       '•  .  '     -.•  •  -  A.  \\  i-i-,    i .  ' 

I,'-  -       !.         i^.       >H  .1,  T.      CMX.      I          |-|  A       I    'MM      >.       K.      I,. 

i  i.        :     •  .    I  .   I  !••'•'..  1  K'  "     SM  .]  •.  \.  Smiih  t\  SMII^,.  \\'il- 

-    A     I,1..  .    i';:.       A    <  >  '".     I  A     I'  •'  '•  !'.    \\  .   .1.    II-  irl'il 

'.   K  ..'A!!.'  u i,  .    |;     K    !ni  A    <  .... 


•  !.  ('.  Coh(j3i.   \Y.  K.   Bro\yiic,  «v  Co..  'II.  T.  I  Jo-jinan.  Georuv 

Kci'kholT  A    ('(I..  Harvey   Ala-oil  A    ( 'o..    Flllison    A    Grccil.  John 

A.  LntMs.  \Villiam  Huey,  J.  II.  ;Sh..-pai\l  A:  Co.,  I-!,  15.  Kams- 
ddl.  Fdward  Bicrhaus  A  Sons,  Bicrhans  I)!1!'.-..  MI  jure  A  Ilar- 
rk  !'.  \\'.  T  \veilmever,  I  Jail  Bros.,  John  Burke,  J.  \V.  Cassell. 
II.. I.  LLellert,  F.  \V.  Kitturskamp,  John  Hoil'man.  Christian 
I  [oilman,  Jicrnard  A  Bcckes,  J.  A;  T.  Have-.-,  15.  Jvnirilnn. 
(r.  \Veinsteii]  A:  Co.,  L.  A.  Wise  A:  Co.,  II.  \\ 'illmi^liliv  A  Son. 
S.  IMuin  A:  Co.,  Perry  Thulolph.  Fi'ed  ilar>h.  Cliarlu;.  ,S.  Mil- 
ler. Isaac  Lazurus,  II.  J.  \Vai.j.-n,  AV.  A.  Markee,  J.  ^[. 
f)tH'srcrlHji'ii'.  M.  Bauer.  V.  SdiociificM.  A\'illiam  Davidson.  .1. 
.Buj'iisici  n.  .1 .  II.  |)iiii]i..i.  A.  Bi'i'ivogol,  Joseph  Olniciiius.  II. 
F.  Thu is.  Si'ljastiau  Ifi-rh  &  Sons,  Kisdi  A-  IL'llcr.  IfiMLi'v 
Badollci,  0.  C.  Busse.  \V.  \V.  Cassell.  G.  If.  Alsup,  William 
liaki'i'.  -John  Tuniry.  (.iror^-  \\'.  Duiialdson.  1!oliin-on  A;  \)»}\- 
ald-on.  \\'.  .1.  l-'rc. man.  M.  O'Donnell.  Jolin  Loteii,  Salyanls 
A  Burns.  John  [Tartigan,  IJ.  Al.  Glass.  J.  ,v  S.  Em i son,  T.  II. 
Adams.  !,'.  K.  J'mvrll.  A\'.  \V.  Bailey  A:  Bros.,  A.  V.  Cn.us. 
\\".  -I.  Nicholson.  A.  Kapiis.  fii-or-ro  Klein.  C.  Ji.  lilase.  C.  J. 
i.i|»'.  A.  l'hili|i>on.  Uati_\  A  I'alFi'cx'.  Jlratlon  A  Kaixiy.  L. 
Moves.  C.  !•'.  Schultz.  C.  Lam-.  J.  S.  Ivitchell.  liurnei  A  Ea.-i- 
iiani.  \\illiam  II.  (Jlo\'ci'  A  Co..  .lanic>  A.  Pluiniucr,  Spciglt.1 
A  (Jardner,  P.  I!.  McCarthy.  John  \Vatson.  S.  If.  Jackinan. 
<Jiudi(.'!  I !  a  iiL!'lili'ii  A  I'ond.  ( Jcor^-^-c  Frmlrirh.  JOM>|I|I  Smilh. 
I-:.  Youn.u-hans.  John  Sclnvartx.  Frank  A.  1 1  in.-.  M.  Tyler 
Sun  A  Co..  Hiram  A.  hulks.  Miller  A  Shepiinl,  II.  M.  Hack- 
man,  (ico.  llarn-.  I'.  101  uc  re  A'  Son-.  .] .  15.  IJainsdcll.  l-'i'ank 
K'rack.  George  Harris.  I'.  FJu/rc  A'-  Sons,  .).  F.  Sn-hlcr  A'  Co.. 
A.  Alarono.  -lohn  KU'III.  II.  Al.  Towtisley,  I ).  J.  Philips.  Nor- 
man. !•:.  Her!-.-.  .}.  \V.  Kmison  A  Co..  F.  ,1.  Tivn.^uv.  A.  J. 
Tavlor.  .Inlm  AInr|i'n\.  Thomas  K'ilfoil.  Thomas  Boi-ro\\ man. 
I-:.  L.  1,'yilt-r.  I'.  M.  Mail.  \Y.  Tromlcy.  Mcivhani  l'ir,.>..  P.-t.-i 
Alarchino.  F.  A.  Vn.-uiii.  Plankc  15ms..  K.  K.  Shuivs.  -F  C. 
Il'aarixc,  \Io>cs  \Vilc.  Anion  l.ahr.  John  C.  Holland.  Char!- 


[>;i  \-.-.  11,-nn  Si-lijiir.T.  M.  ,]ulm.-(.ii  A  Co..  \V.  II.  Weed,  Al- 
!><T!  M.  A-  I-M  \vanl  Shrpanl.  Uaar  X.  Kastham.  A.  L.  Corno- 
\.-r.  \\.  I'..  Uol.iiiM.ii.  A.  M.  Yi-lti'ii.  Jam. •>  lAvin-.  Patrirk 

Mni.lV.    M.-ruai)    Jnlir-,    (>.     MrCollr.    S.    A    .1       Lynns.     Lyttk'tOll 

Tiiinii-..  S.-unui'l  Aliihr.  lirii  Kritcli.  l\uiri'Mi'  11,-ii-k.  Ammi 
Sim. MI.  I-' rank  (.iln-niian.  ^.  \\.  \Virix.rll,  William  \Villiain- 
>..n.  I.'.  .1.  MrK.'unrv,  Will  I..  Tt-walt.  V.  (;,.«•>,..  -l-lm  11. 
I Iri'iiilli'iic.  \\  .  \\  .  Borrv.  .luliii  NV.Carnan.  Kinaiiui'l  Mi'i-ni- 
iidlrr.  1'.  V.  t ';!(!< !  ii;;j!"]i.  l-aar  Laxai-u>.  \\"i  1 1  i.-im  Nu^riii, 
.J..hn  \'irkrr\.  .l;in.!i  Mi-ixgci',  I1'.  M .  Kay.  Ak'.xainlrr  \'<ui 
Smiili.  .\l;imii  AgiiL'\v.  .lame-  \\  .  (Iivrnlii>\v.  .Inlm  Mvci1-. 
ll'!']:.;in  lifukliauc.  ( Imrgr  \\  .  I  Jai  111  M  iiir.  S;iiiiiii-l  Bavanl. 
*Ia  jnr  W.  i  i.uilil.  Ni-lsuii  Siiari'uu-. 


K  xxvii. 

COXCU'SIOX. 

jt  must  lie  admined  thai  Vincennes  has  a  past  historv  thar 
is  both  venerable  and  honorable  and  that  places  hrr  in  the 
front  rank  among  the  cities  of  the  stale.  It  is  true  tbat  for 
year-  she  was  held  in  abeyance  by  a  sort  of  Kip  Van  Winkle 
sleep  that  paralyzed  her  energies  and  prevented  her  material 
progress.  ly>i\i  this  condition  of  all'airs  on  account  of  the  in- 
fusion of  ne\\-  blood  consequent  upon  the  arrival  of  active 
and  enterprising  citizens  has  been  arrested  and  the  ancient 
city  aroused,  from  her  long  lethargy,,  has  entered  upon  a  splen- 
did career  of  progress.  The  old  order  of  tiling-  has  been  done 
away  and  ;:  new  and  active  era  has  been  evolved  from  ibis 
change  of  population.  The  hard  working  and  prudent"  Ger- 
man, the  energetic  and  prolilic  Irishman  and  nianv  other 
races  from  Europe  have  come  and  infused  new  life  in  the  mass 
of  our  population.  The  influence  is  producing  good  results 
in  the  many  evidences  of  prosperity  and  accomplished  results. 
The  nionev  making  Yankee  and  the  discerning  .lew  can  be 
seen  on  our  street?.  In  fact  everything  lodav  is  indicative  of 
a  glorious  future  for  the  Citv  of  \  inceniies. 

l')Ul  i  hi-  bright  prospect  although  long  delayed  might  have 
been  expected  from  the  opinions  of  the  place  and  its  natural 
advantages  expressed  bv  the  nnssionarv  fathers  who  lii'st  vis- 
ited it  before  the  advent  of  civilized  men  and  when  it  was  in 
the  midst  of  a  vast  wilderness.  These  men  were  far  seeing 
and  almost  with  prophetic  \i-ion  foretold  th.1  future  of  vari- 
ous places  thev  visited  in  their  wanderings.  In  no  instance 
have  iheir  prophetic  utterances  failed  of  fruition  unless  it 
shall  be  in  ihesolitarv  instance  of  Vineennes.  Thev  declared 
that  the  site  of  this  place  when  thev  lirsi  In-held  it  wa-  des- 


•   -       -  _-      1  i  I      '  i:    r"||!, 

'      '      -r;|]    "  :'  ;1    ".Teal    (It  V.    !  i,  '--,  •--!!!_:    Mil   e\  IdiH  \  e  ri  MlUneM  '•. 

LTeal    \vt-a!lli   Mini   a    ileii-e    |iu]iulat  n>n.      Thev    imnle   ihe   -anie 

•• Mel'Mller-    \\llil     1't'l  t'l'i  llrr    IIP     1  '  1  I  I -1  >  II  Pi:'.    (     Mid  HUM  I  I . 

.    I  ).•!  ruii.  <  hieajji.   Si.    I'anl.   Si.    Lmiis,   San    Kran  - 

-.  ' '   a  in  I    ma  n\    other   1-1  i  n  •-.     \\"h  leli     ha  \  e     -  nee.   all    \ ,  " 

r  ]  i  red  n-t  h  MI-.     A  in  1  \\  IP    -In  in  hi  llii-ir  "i'J  n  n  >n-  vvil  h  iVLra  n  1 

in   \  iin-«'iint>   imi    i.,.  ivali/ril  r      h-  -phmlitl   h>ralinii  ami    ini- 

atf  >n  rn  'tim!in^>  imliral  •  l  hal   t  In-  cit  \    u  il  1   in  1  he  I'm  n  iv 

M'u'M n      '          _  ...  -'"<:•'-.       I'lid'i      -  : !«! ! ; : : ' •_    '  n   na I  u i1' 

•  ••    '••  •    '  c;     i -i  iml  1 1  n  in-  MI   i  In  •  \va  \   i  • :    ii-  MI-I'I  >in  ]il  i-h  nidil .       I  i 

;;!'•  rit  ixi'ii.-  \\i\\   all    inkc   lira  n    Mini    j'lii    their  >huuhlrr   In  the 

I'l'i'i:'!1' --.   ii    uill    mil    fiiru'Mril   uith   iiii-iva-iii-    -|i-eil 


L'  tin1  real  •     _•',','  i :  i :  :••  a  m-  a  m  !    1  hal    til  •   ilull 

I'n!    HP  MSI  MI  ii  1 1  ni-   i  ia.-l    \\  i  1 1    In-  -\\  M  1 1'  i\\  n  i     nn    Mini     n  •    '  <  ratei] 

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